Riink . E ^ B 5 5 SMITHSONIAN DKHOSIT. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/worldwarrecordOObost BOSTON UNIVERSITY «i WORLD WAR RECORD PUBLISHED BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY 11^5^0 W- Earnshaw Press Corporation boston, mass. CONTENTS THE BOSTON UNIVERSITY WAR RECORD (EDITORIAL) . . 1 THE SECOND DIVISION IN THE BATTLE OF CHATEAU-THIERRY 2 By Stephen Warren Brethorst THE MARINES IN FRANCE . 8 By J. Duncan MacNair OUR AIR SERVICE IN THE WAR ...... 12 By Robert F. Raymond, Jr. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DOUGHBOY IN THE FIGHTING-LINE 14 By Lauress J. Birney J. HORACE FARNHAM . . 21 VARIETIES OF WAR EXPERIENCE WITH THE Y. M. C. A. IN FRANCE 22 By Samuel Dupertuis SKETCH: HARRY WEBB FARRINGTON 28 THE FOYER DU SOLDAT 30 By Harry Webb Farrington BASE HOSPITAL FORTY-FOUR 36 By Wesley T. Lee THE AMERICAN RED CROSS 42 By Mary K. Taylor L'CEUVRE DES PETITS BLESSES . . . . . .46 By Frances B. S. Waxman YOUNG AMERICA AT CHATEAU-THIERRY .... 50 By President L. H. Murlin AFTER THE ARMISTICE 57 By Heber R. Harper MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF B. U. IN THE WORLD WAR . 61 By Starkey Y. Britt A TEACHER AS STUDENT 68 By Warren O. Ault THE S. A. T. C. AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY . . . .69 By Edwin C. Byam BOSTON UNIVERSITY NAVAL UNIT, 1918 .... 71 By Harry B. Center HERBERT F. HARTWELL 77 SPECIAL WORK IN MATHEMATICS FOR THE S. A. T. C. . 78 By Robert E. Bruce WAR WORK OF THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS By Norton A. Kent WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW . . . . WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE By John P. Sutherland WAR RELIEF WORK OF THE BOSTON UNIVERSITY WOMEN GRADUATES' CLUB By Pauline Nelson Hartstone LEONARD P. AYRES THE DIVISION OF STATISTICS By Leonard Porter Ayres THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE FOR MASSA- CHUSETTS By Everett W. Lord CHARLES W. WHITING RED CROSS REPORT, 1918-1919, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS SHERMAN SEAL BROKAW IN MEMORIAM: SHERMAN SEAL BROKAW . WAR EMERGENCY COURSES IN BUSINESS, 1917-1918 BOSTON UNIVERSITY POST 43, AMERICAN LEGION By Warren H. Hussey BOSTON UNIVERSITY R. O. T. C By Paul W. Baade A WAR WORK ENDED BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD: In Memoriam The Trustees The Executive Staff Graduate School College of Liberal Arts College of Business Administration College of Secretarial Science School of Education School of Religious Education and School of Theology. School of Law School of Medicine . Boston University Naval Unit Students' Army Training Corps Unclassified .... SUMMARY INDEX . . Social Service 78 85 86 92 93 95 96 101 104 105 107 108 110 111 113 117 121 122 122 122 124 162 220 220 221 221 240 290 312 313 319 320 321 The Boston University War Record SOON after the signing of the armistice, in 1918, the National Government requested the colleges and universities of the country to prepare an official record of their war activities. In response to this request the Trustees of Boston University author- ized the preparation of such a record and made an appropriation to defray the cost of publication. It was decided to include in the volume the war record of every person who at any time had been a member of the university body. In accordance with this decision, forty thousand question- naires were mailed. The response was unexpectedly large. Over three thousand questionnaires were filled out and returned. Undoubtedly, very many, especially those mailed to the men at the front, failed to reach the persons addressed. Every effort was subsequently made to reach these men. Newspaper clues were followed; many letters were written to friends and relatives of the men who had failed to report. After the return of the troops from abroad, a second questionnaire was forwarded to the home address of those who had failed to receive the first. These subsidiary eiforts secured several hundred belated questionnaires. In the printed data certain items are preceded by an asterisk. This asterisk indicates that the information was not directly fur- nished by the person concerned but that the source seemed suffi- ciently authentic to warrant the inclusion of the data. All material not marked by an asterisk was furnished directly by the persons concerned. In editing the Record, difficulties were encountered in deci- phering the French proper names. Written in the very trenches, and prepared by the writers amid indescribable difficulties, it is not surprising that the words were in many cases illegible. Wherever the best available atlases furnished a clue the names have been cor- rectly printed. Scores of names, however, are not found in these atlases; these names were submitted to several persons in an en- deavor to ascertain the correct spelling. It is too much to hope that absolute accuracy has been attained. Another difficulty was found in editing the data submitted: in many questionnaires the years of the various events cited were manifestly inconsistent and wrong. Some of these dates would indicate that men were discharged from the service a year or more 2 BOSTON UNIVERSITY before they enlisted. Wherever it was possible an attempt was made by personal letters to clear up the confusion. In other cases it was necessary by editing to introduce consistency into the data. The mass of material submitted was so great that it was found absolutely necessary to condense many of the reports. The work of condensation was entrusted to a former army officer with instruc- tions to retain everything essential and to reduce so far as possible the data to a uniform style of notation. Some may feel that the condensation has been carried to an unwarranted extreme. It will cause genuine regret to the editorial staff if any injustice has been done. The need of condensation was absolute; the work was en- trusted to a careful man who has an intimate acquaintance with military matters and who served with high distinction at the front. The preparation of so large a volume was necessarily the work of many persons, cooperating through many months. No effort to secure exactness was regarded by the editorial staff as too great, yet it is inevitable that errors should creep into a work so detailed. All corrections brought to our attention will be carefully noted. The literary portion of the volume is of permanent value and much of it is of absorbing interest. The articles as a whole form a genuine contribution to the history of the World War. The Trustees of the University have liberally and cordially supported the edi- torial staff in the preparation of the volume. To all who have con- tributed in any way to this war record of Boston University the editors express their sincere and abiding thanks. Boston, September 10, 1920. THE SECOND DIVISION IN THE BATTLE OF CHATEAU-THIERRY Stephen Warren Brethorst [Stephen Warren Brethorst, a graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University, '20, was a captain in the Fifth Regiment, United States Marines, American Expeditionary Forces.] CHATEAU-THIERRY is a name rather loosely applied to a series of operations which took place between the Vesle and the Marne Rivers from June 1 to the first of August, 1918. These operations, as far as the Second American Division is concerned, may be divided into two phases:' first, that which was compre- WAR RECORD 3 hended in pinning down the German advance on Paris and in mak- ing the offensive about Belleau Wood between June 1 and June 26; second, the counter-offensive launched by Marshal Foch from July 18 to the first of August. In this short article I shall endeavor to portray the human ele- ments of sacrifice, fortitude, and suffering, for I realize that a mere sketch of the main features of an engagement is like the rough outline of a picture before the artist has added the colors and the propor- tions of life. During the last days of May, 1918, the armies of General Luden- dorff, flushed with their victories of March and April, had swept the French and the Scotch from the strongly fortified positions of the Chemin-des-Dames, and, pressing back the remnants of what was once a French Army, were marching on Paris with little or no opposition. The Second Division, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Omar Bundy, and later by Maj.-Gen. James G. Harboard, was unique in that it was a composite force of the army and the navy. It consisted of a brigade of marines, a brigade of infantry, and a brigade of artillery. Seasoned by months of arduous service in trench warfare near Ver- dun, it was held in reserve near Amiens awaiting the German offen- sive, which the Allied High Command had been deceived into believing would be launched against the British Army. At ten o'clock on the night of Memorial Day the division re- ceived orders to entrain on camions and proceed eastward to meet the German advance which was threatening the gates of Paris. Their course took them through the threatened city, where they learned of the seriousness of the situation and of the evacuation of the city. As the miles of camions passed by, the crowds became enthusiastic and demonstrative, for they well knew that on this group of men depended the very safety of their homes. The advance north from Paris was over roads almost impassable from numberless ambulances, motor lorries, fleeing fugitives, and retreating troops. During the last hours thousands of refugees were passed, — old and gray-haired men and women, mothers with babes on their arms, or at their side, children crying for food or because they were too weary and foot-sore to go further. The few personal effects that they had been able to collect hurriedly were loaded on baby-car- riages or wagons, for only a few fortunate ones had succeeded in getting away with a horse and cart. The earnings of a lifetime and all 4 BOSTON UNIVERSITY that they held dear were left for the vandal Huns to devastate. The memory of these stricken and suffering people no doubt sus- tained the boys through the superhuman tasks of the next few days. At five o'clock on the morning of June 1 the division detrained and began the hike to Montreuil, although they had been without food or sleep for forty-eight hours. Orders were received from the French Staff to retreat to the Marne, but General Bundy sent back the memorable reply which will be told to future generations, — "The American Flag knows not retreat." As the columns swung up the road, the boys began singing their popular song, "Over There." The words of the refrain, "We '11 not come back till it 's over over HERE " were words not of the lips only but of the heart. The French troops, remnants of what was once an army, were moving to the rear by twos, squads, and hun- dreds, in no semblance of an orderly retreat, but nothing less than a rout. The sight of the happy Americans, who were soon to prove themselves terrible in battle, seemed to revive in them the old spirit which saved Verdun, — "They shall not pass," — and soon dots of horizon blue appeared in the ranks of the olive drab. At Montreuil the regiments moved forward on parallel roads to meet the enemy. At dusk the advance guards exchanged shots. The armies threw out skirmish lines and awaited the dawn of a momentous day. It was the first day of June, a day which never shall be for- gotten. The sun rose in gloom and black disaster. But the sun set that night upon a world redeemed. At dawn wave after wave of the steel gray came over the hills and through the valleys, closely fol- lowing a terrific barrage, but under the accurate fire of the boys in olive drab the lines went down as grain before a sickle. All that day and the next three days there was grappling hand to hand, cold steel meeting cold steel. The situation was and continued to be most adverse. The Ger- mans had complete control of the air, their machine guns and in- fantry held the most strategic woods, while their artillery crowned the hills and dominated the terrain for miles. No troops could be moved, no provisions or supplies transported, and no work done by day without drawing a terrific artillery fire or a volley of bombs from the low-flying enemy planes. For six weeks not a hot meal was served at the front, yet the morale of the troops was unshaken. To improve the situation, General Harboard, commanding the brigade of marines, ordered an attack on Belleau Wood and the WAR RECORD 5 town of Boureches. At five o'clock on the evening of June 6 the marines advanced across the open wheat fields serene and confident. The echelons, with their fixed bayonets sparkling in the sun, moved forward rapidly but surely. It looked more as though it were a dress parade in Washington than an advance to almost certain death. Minute by minute the ordered lines melted away under the deluge of high explosives, shrapnel, rifle, and machine-gun fire, but they would not be denied their objectives. Boureches was captured and also a footing gained in the southern edge of Belleau Wood. Terri- tory six kilometers in length and two kilometers in depth was wrested from the enemy. To show the nature of this wooded warfare I cite one small incident that occurred on the morning of June 7. Three companies of one battalion had failed to get through on the previous evening, and this left a gap of half a kilometer in the American lines in Belleau Wood. The Germans, realizing this, sent a patrol with a machine gun through the gap in an effort to bag the few Americans. This was reported to the officer in command by a scout from the outpost. Only immediate action could save the little force of ma- rines from annihilation or capture, and the Wood from again falling into the hands of the enemy. The officer, with five non-commissioned officers, slipped out to intercept the Hun patrol. They had gone less than fifty paces when suddenly two of the Fritzes came bound- ing over the rocks, landing directly in their midst. They made a dash for cover, and not heeding the command to halt, fell riddled ere they had gone ten paces. The entire enemy patrol then opened fire and all sought cover. Regular Indian style warfare followed, leaping from tree to tree and from stone to stone. The marines were expert shots, and when Heinle's head, encased in a steel helmet, appeared above the rocks or around a tree, he received a well-placed bullet. Four of them, deciding to seek safety in flight, went bounding over the rocks as frightened deer pursued by hounds. The pieces of steel they were courting sped on their mission of love. As rabbits whirl in air on being shot, so did these Fritzes as they emitted the familiar death shriek. From that time on the marines were heavily engaged up to June 27. Despite terrible casualties, they made subsequent attacks on this Wood, and finally it fell completely into their hands, the enemy retiring to the hills north and east. Over a thousand prisoners and many machine guns were captured in this long campaign. 6 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Belleau Wood and Boureches became a regular hell. The stench from the unburied American and German dead made life here un- bearable. Hour after hour, day and night, with increasing intensity as the time passed, the enemy rained heavy shells into this area. The church at Boureches stood up a broken tooth of masonry among the shattered houses, with an amphitheater of splintered woods behind and around it. The ninth and twenty-third regiments of infantry were sup- porting the marines during these weeks, but on July 1 they attacked and captured Vaux in a magnificent frontal attack. The best proof of the intensity of the fighting is shown by the fact that the losses of the marine brigade during these four weeks was 5,199 in killed or wounded. It was a heavy price we paid, but can it be said that it was not well paid, not only in military results but in proof to our country and to the world that these raw troops from the New World were the equals of the best? Was this action at Belleau Wood decisive? Did it supply the necessary resistance to the German drive, when other reserves were lacking? Yes; this is the opinion in France as well as in America, and is the verdict of many military men, who hold that these four regiments on the road to Paris were the last barrier between Luden- dorff and Paris. The villages of Boureches and Vaux and Belleau Wood, known now and forever as the "Wood of the American Marines," will be places of American pilgrimage for years. The relief of the Second Division by the Twenty-sixth New England Division was entirely completed on July 10, and the Second Division was withdrawn to reserve lines for replacements and rest with the consciousness of having established a remarkable record. Having been thwarted in his attempt to take Paris in June, Ludendorff began on July 15 a stupendous effort to cross the Marne, capture Dormans and the railroads feeding Verdun, and then march on the French capital. To meet this new attack Marshal Foch decided to launch a counter-offensive at the upper end of the V-shaped salient which extended from the Aisne to the Marne. The Second Division received orders on the morning of July 16 to proceed to the rear. Forced marching brought them to Cruitz, where they entrained on camions which were drawn up under cover of trees which the sharp eyes of the enemy aviators could not pierce. WAR RECORD 7 The camions moved off with the human cannon fodder — whither, no one knew. Utmost secrecy being necessary, they detoured through Meaux, but finally turned north towards Villers Cotterets and there dumped their load of human freight. Without food or rest, and miserable from the eighteen hours' ride, the regiments were formed and marched northward. At dusk the officers of each regiment were assembled and informed that an attack would be made at 4.24 in the morning. A lady wearing a uniform of blue with the insignia of the red triangle appeared with a Ford truck and issued cookies, a cake of chocolate, and a package of cigarettes to each man. Who will not agree that these women, — nurses. Red Cross and Y. W. C. A. workers, and Salvation Army lasses, — blessed with a spirit of sacrifice and love of service, are God's greatest gift to man? Through all those terrible, dark hours of the night, during a pouring rain, the ranks plodded on in single file. To keep the column from being broken each man was forced to grip the man ahead, for only by an occasional flash of lightning could the line or road be seen. The course led through a densely wooded region where the trees over-arched the road. A line of supply trucks, wagons, and artillery was drawn up in the center of the road. On the right, moving toward Soissons, was a column of ambulances, ration wagons, and trucks with ammunition; on the left a column of empty lorries, wagons, and caissons, moving to the rear. After five agonizing hours of crawling under trucks, carts, and mules, the line pressed through the three miles of congested traffic. Hundreds of the plucky but over-taxed lads had "fallen out" on the hike, some never to see the dawn of another day. Many who were thrown under the wheels of the moving traffic lay mangled on the roads. Others, with the print of a mule's foot visible on their bodies, lay stiff and cold by the side of the road, while still others who had fallen over the steep embankments were suffering intense pain from bruises and broken limbs. The drenched men were nearly exhausted, and barely reached their jumping-off place at the zero hour. Some companies were forced to double time for several miles. Following closely a rolling barrage, the most terrific in the history of the war, these boys who had had no sleep or rest for two days and two nights went "over the top," preceded by French tanks, just south of Soissons. In five hours they had driven the German forces from the plateau commanding Vierzy. At seven o'clock in the evening they again moved forward and crossed the Soissons- 8 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Paris railway, capturing Vierzy after heavy fighting and severe losses. They stopped only at Vigny, where they dug in about mid- night, to await daylight and the resumption of the attack. The battlefield, illuminated by the flames of burning tanks, by Very Lights which were in ever-increasing number piercing the cold, damp air, and by immense star shells dropped by enemy planes hovering overhead, revealed little groups of medical men at work ministering to the wounded. Lads with bodies torn and mangled, muscles stiff from the damp, chilly air, and lips parched with thirst, were sufi^ering pain which only a battlefield knows. As he writes this on the first anniversary of that glorious day, the author can still clearly hear those agonizing and heart-rending cries of "First Aid" and "Stretcher Bearers" as they were wafted over the field every minute of every hour of that terrible night. This counter-stroke between Soissons and Chateau-Thierry may be termed in all fairness decisive. The First American Division with the Second, supported by the famous Singlese shock troops, broke the hinge of the salient south of Soissons — a task stupendous, of which the far-reaching consequences, perhaps, cannot be justly estimated for years. r THE MARINES IN FRANCE J. Duncan Mac N air [Chaplain James Duncan MacNair is a graduate of the College of Liberal Arts, '05, and of the School of Theology, '05. He has served as chaplain in the United States Navy in many places, and saw service in France from October, 1917, to July, 1918. He holds the rank of lieutenant in the navy.] WHEN the United States declared war on Germany, in April, 1917, the question arose: how soon can we get our forces to the Western Front in Europe? France, England, and the other allies were war-weary and discouraged. For nearly three years they had been fighting a foe who seemed as though he could not be beaten; in fact, it was almost feared that he would win. However, the entry of the United States into the great World War made it certain that the Central Powers would eventually be defeated. There were many problems to be met by our country, and among these was the one of sending our men across the Atlantic. Yet within a few weeks after war was declared our soldiers began to {Photograph by Marceau, Boston) CHAPLAIN J A M F, S DUNCAN M a c N A I R WAR RECORD 9 embark for Europe. In June the first contingent of marines was in France, and by the first of January, 1918, two regiments and two machine-gun battalions were ready and anxious to go into in- tensive training for the front. The 5th and 6th Regiments of Marines, together with the Machine-Gun Battalions, were made the 4th Brigade of the 2d Division of the American Army. The 5th Regiment was commanded by Colonel Neville and the 6th by Colonel Catlin, the Brigade Commander being General Doyen, who was relieved in the early part of May by General Harboard. On March 15 we left our training area, which was to the east of Chaumont and south of Neufchateau. After a fifteen or sixteen hour trip on a slow-moving train, we arrived at Dugny, a small town to the south of Verdun, where we disembarked for the trenches. The position assigned us was in the High Meuse, southeast of Verdun, between a point near Les Eparges on the south and Ronvaux to the north. We were at first put in with the French, but later were left to hold the front line alone. During our two months' stay here the division was under the tutelage of the French. We lived in dugouts, and had there been neither rats nor cooties we should have been fairly comfortable. There was plenty of artillery fire and quite a number of raids by either side. The aeroplanes were always busy and the anti-aircraft guns were in constant use. In the morning of April 14 the Germans began to shell the little ravine of St. Robert, and in two hours had sent over about three thousand shells, sixteen hundred of which were gas. The 74th Company of Marines was billeted in the ravine, and a large number of its men were gassed. We left the trenches on the night of May 13 for a rest area west of Revigny, and five days later were ordered to another northwest of Paris. Here we remained until May 31. On May 30 we were ordered to be ready to depart for the front at six o'clock, the hour being later changed to ten, but the motor lorries did not begin to arrive until four o'clock in the morning of the 31st. When we came to the last rest area we all felt sure that the division was to be put in on the Somme or at Montdidier, but the drive by the German Army of the Crown Prince, which swept over the Chemin-des-Dames and advanced down the Marne Valley, getting nearer and nearer to Paris by eight and ten kilo- meters a day, evidently changed the plans of the Allied High Com- 10 BOSTON UNIVERSITY mand, for the 2d Division of the American Army was hurried to the east of Paris to a point on the Paris-Metz road west of Chateau- Thierry. The division had traveled nearly eighty miles in spring- less trucks over dusty roads, but the men, although weary, were ready and anxious to get into the fray. Before proceeding further it may be well to state of what units our division was composed. The 9th and 23d Regiments of In- fantry made up the 3d Brigade, the 5th and 6th Regiments of Marines with the 6th Machine Gun Battalion the 4th Brigade, and then came the 12th, 15th, and 17th Artillery, the 2d Engineers, the Signal Corps, and the Supply Train — 27,000 men in all. In the morning of June 1 we were told that the division was to go into line immediately and to hold at all costs. The line was simply an ever-moving line separating the French from the Germans. The Germans were less than forty miles from Paris and felt sure at last it was within their grasp, but "there 's many a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip," and the coveted prize was never taken. The position that was taken up was from a point a short way from Chiteau-Thierry to a hill between Marigny and Torcy. The line ran through Le Thiolet, Bois des Clerembauts, Triangle Farm, and Lucy le Bocage to the Bois de Veuilly. On the left came the 23d, then a battalion of the 5th, two battalions of the 6th, and to the right the 9th Regiment of Infantry. We formed our line back of the retreating French and they passed through our lines, leaving us face to face with the German Army. On the afternoon of June 2 our division came into contact with the enemy. Here I will quote from Colonel Catlin's book, "With the Help of God and a Few Marines" (pages 92-94) : The attack was launched against the French who had remained in front of Wise's battalion of the Fifth at Hill 165. It started about 5 o'clock in the afternoon and came from the north and northeast. It was a beautiful, clear day, and from my post of observation at La Voie du Chatel I could watch the whole of it. The Germans swept down an open slope in platoon waves, across wide wheat-fields bright with poppies that gleamed like splashes of blood in the afternoon sun. The French met the attack and then fell steadily back. First I saw the French coming back through the wheat, fighting as they came. Then the Germans, in two columns, steady as machines. To me as a military man it was a beautiful sight. I could not but admire the precision and steadi- ness of those waves of men in gray with the sun glinting on their helmets. On they came, never wavering, never faltering, appar- ently irresistible. WAR RECORD 11 But they were not irresistible. Back of the French was a force they had not reckoned on, a force as steady and confident as them- selves. It was that battalion of the Fifth Marines on our left. At the right moment the Americans opened up with a slashing barrage. Shrapnel, machine gun, and rifle fire were poured into those advancing lines. It was terrible in its effectiveness. The French told us that they had never seen such marksmanship prac- tised in the heat of battle. If the German advance looked beautiful to me, that metal curtain that our marines rang down on the scene was even more so. The German lines did not break; they were broken. The Boches fell by the scores there among the wheat and the poppies. They hesitated, they halted, they withdrew a space. Then they came on again. They were brave men; we must grant them that. Three times they tried to reform and break through that bar- rage, but they had to stop at last. The United States Marines had stopped them. Thus repulsed, with heavy losses, they retired, but our fire was relentless; it followed them to their death. They broke and ran for cover, though their first line hung on till dark, north of Champillon. Then, mercilessly, methodically, we shelled the woods where they had taken refuge. A French aviator who sailed overhead saw one entire battalion annihilated there, and signaled back "Bravo" to our gunners. It was a terrible slaughter; the mere thought of such wholesale killing is enough to curdle Christian blood. But we had whipped the Hun. We had turned that part of his advance into a rout. We had tasted his blood and we had not forgotten the blood of our own who had been slain. We had won our first fight there where fighting meant so much, and it would not have been human to refrain from cheering when it was over. On June 6 began the attack on Belleau Wood, a woods one mile and a quarter long by a quarter to a half mile wide, which did not end until the woods was cleared of the Germans and their machine-gun nests. During the month of June the marines not only had stopped the big German drive on Paris, but also had taken Boureches and Belleau Wood, and the division had driven the enemy back, held Vaux, and also a line from that place to a point not far from Torcy. The 26th Division began to relieve the 2d on July 4. The 2d Division, although it did not get into the actual battle line first, yet suffered more casualties, captured more prisoners and booty, covered more territory, and was engaged in more major operations than any other division of the American Expeditionary Force. 12 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Of the marines it can be truly said that to their heroic work a great part of this honor is due. Wherever a marine is placed he does his full duty, for he is imbued with the spirit of the words of the Marine Hymn: "In many a strife we have fought for life, And never lost our nerve." OUR AIR SERVICE IN THE WAR Robert F. Raymond, Jr. [Captain Robert F. Raymond, Jr., a student in the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University in 1915,servedin the aviation corps in theToul and Chateau- Thierry sectors. For his brilliant work he was awarded the Distinguished Ser- vice Cross.] OF all branches of the army, the air service has received the most criticism. This is partly due to the fact that this branch, appealing as it does to the imagination of all, had from its earliest days an over-amount of publicity, causing Mr. Average Citizen to expect of it accomplishments which were beyond all possibilities of realization. It is due also to the fact that for material we were dependent, even to the end, upon the over-taxed resources of our allies. The achievements of the air service, thus handicapped, were nothing short of remarkable. With nothing of equipment or per- sonnel with which to make a start, a force was built up which, at the close of the war, was only surpassed by the Royal Air Force of Britain and the Imperial Force of Germany. No account, however brief, of our aerial activities would be complete without mention of the Lafayette Escadrille, that coura- geous group of American volunteers who flew and fought for France before our belated entry into the war. Their individual exploits will furnish material for romance for many years to come. A fitting sequel to these deeds was the brilliant and faithful work of those few survivors of the famous squadron who directed the activities in the air of the no less ardent youth who followed them to France in high resolve. The function of the air service is four- fold. It has first to direct artillery fire and to reconnoiter and report during an attack; second, to do long-distance reconnaissance and to obtain photo- graphs of the enemy positions; third, to bomb both by day and by night; and fourth, to keep the enemy over his own lines and away CAPTAIN ROBERT F. RAYMOND, JR, WAR RECORD 13 from ours. For the first three kinds of work two-seated machines, manned by pilot and observer, are used. The fourth type of work is performed by light, fast, amazingly maneuverable, single-seated machines. The work of the latter class is essentially offensive, mounting as they do two fixed guns in front timed to fire between the revolving blades of the propeller. This class of planes is called "Pursuit" — or "Chasse," as the French term it. Our first squadrons appeared, as did our first infantry units, on the old Toul-Luneville sector, the squadrons first to get into the fray being the 1st and 12th artillery observation, photographic and reconnaissance squadrons, the 1st "pursuit" group, containing the 94th, 95th, 147th, and 27th squadrons, and the 96th, our first day- bombardment squadron. We had no night squadrons until just before the signing of the armistice. Besides these squadrons on the Toul sector we had the 103d pursuit squadron, under Major Thaw, at Dunkirk. As time went on many other squadrons came to the front and made enviable records, but these first bore the brunt of it when conditions were most difficult. There was great difficulty at first in establishing liaison between the air force and the forces on the ground, but this was gradually smoothed away with time and experience. Our photographic work from the first was of a high order, and it is safe to say that at Toul we were masters of the air. At Chateau-Thierry the enemy had absolutely everything he could muster, and the Americans, though reinforced by a brigade of British and some French squadrons, were greatly outnumbered. Here our casualties were very heavy, especially in the pursuit squad- rons. The 94th and 95th squadrons, who had performed so bril- liantly at Toul, were changing their Nieuport machines to Spads, and a heavy burden fell on the shoulders of the 27th and the 147th. Here the 27th, under the leadership of Colonel (then Major) Hart- ney, D.S.C., formerly of the Royal Flying Corps, did exceptionally fine work, though with heavy losses. Colonel Hartney later com- manded the First Pursuit Group, and much of the success of that organization, to whose credit fell two-thirds of our official victories in the air, was due to his inspiring leadership. After Chateau-Thierry came the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne oflfensives, fundamentally different from the earlier days in that the allied armies were attacking. Reinforced now by many new squadrons, we gained and held the supremacy of the air on these 14 BOSTON UNIVERSITY fronts, successfully performing our aerial missions and bringing down many more of the enemy planes than they did of ours. Only the bombers continued to suflfer heavy casualties, due in part to the very nature of their work; but also, it must be confessed, to inefficient direction and to the fact that the Liberty motors, ex- ceedingly efficient in themselves, were installed in a plane that was at least a year out of date and quite unadapted to the work required of it. Mention should be made of our squadrons with the British, several of which did excellent work, and also four naval squadrons and their less spectacular but very important patrol work. Some individuals, too, distinguished themselves on the Italian Front. Everywhere our pilots, in most cases with a very limited amount of training, brought credit to themselves and to their country by their courage, their audacity, and their hard, conscientious work. Captain Rickenbacker, with his twenty-six official victories, and Lieutenant Luke, whose meteoric career earned the only Con- gressional Medal awarded an aviator, were the outstanding heroes of our air forces, but all who flew over the lines did so with the same calm, determined effort to "do their bit" that distinguished every American unit on the front in every branch of the service. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DOUGHBOY IN THE FIGHTING-LINE Lauress J. Birney [Bishop Lauress J. Birney was Dean of the School of Theology of Boston University.] HAVING been asked to record impressions, as received at the front, of the spirit and temper of the American soldier in action, the writer complies, with the hope that it may help, if ever so little, to visualize to some who were not privileged to be with him, the most remarkable soldier in the great World War. In what may here be written there is no idealization of the doughboy. The writer saw, and keeps clearly in mind, all the sordid side of war. It was mingled everywhere with the sublimity of spirit. Pages could be written of it. Even yet the memory of the unspeakable profanity is nauseating. A whole dictionary might be compiled of the profane terms which the writer never knew existed until he lived with the troops day and night. Nevertheless it is the universal testimony of those officials who moved through all the armies that the cleanest- tongued soldier in the great war was the doughboy from America. WAR RECORD 15 Literally hundreds of thousands of them never used a profane or unclean word. Nor do we forget the French wine and its effect upon many of our lads. That it is non-intoxicating and harmless is a vicious de- lusion. Scores we have seen under its influence, some of them idiot- ically drunk. But by the testimony of the same observers on every hand, the most temperate soldier in the war was without any ques- tion our own American doughboy. No one who has studied the facts ever doubts that there was less of drunkenness among the two million soldiers in France, so far from home, than there would have been among the same two million had they remained on this side of the sea. The same is true of their moral life. There are doubtless many bad French women, but he who believes the womanhood of France to be a degenerate womanhood simply betrays his blind acceptance of a German propaganda which has been in process for a generation, to prepare the mind of the world for "the day" which brought the sprawling defeat of its brutal prophets and the supreme victory of the "degenerate race." No race of degenerate womanhood can ever give birth to such amazing soldiers as made up the army of France. If the laws in this land were as lax and free as they are in France, — thank God they are not, and pray heaven they may never be, — if they were, one would see any night on the streets of any great American city what may be seen on the streets of Paris. Thousands of our soldiers fell to this temptation, but the American Army was by all odds the cleanest army that fought for the liberty of the world. Such a record has probably never been equaled by any army in the world's history. There was much less of this form of immorality among the two million men than there would have been among the same men had there never been a war. But we turn eagerly to the rare and unforgettable elements in this dough- boy's character as revealed under the test of fire and mud and blood. The first and most conspicuous of these elements were his hero- ism, courage, abandon, on the field of battle. Not braver than the soldier of other armies, yet all who saw him in action instantly recognized a mystic diff^erence between his daring and that of other soldiers. Among the reasons for that diff^erence was the poignant realization as he entered the line that he was "mighty late in the game." By the time he reached the point where he went over the top he realized that the very ground he walked on was soaked with 16 BOSTON UNIVERSITY the blood of millions who had died for his safety while his country wrote harmless notes. And over the top he went, determined to make up for lost time if possible. Again he realized as no other soldiers did that the whole world was watching him with a terrible anxiety. Other armies had done their best, and the awful fear of their failure was never so heavy upon the heart of the world as at the time when he went into the line. He felt the world expectation and hope. He felt it keenly y and into the line he went determined to die to the last man rather than give an inch. He did just that. Yet again, the rare detachment from personal advantage went far to make the mystic difference in his courage. The poilu was fighting for desperate defense and sometimes for revenge. His home was, or might be, ruined and his loved ones desecrated. Likewise with the Tommy. "Three weeks to Paris, three months to London" was the boastful chant of the Hun as he swept across Belgium. The doughboy, too, was fighting for defense. It was in a very real sense the defense of America, too, but he could not realize it. It was too indefinite and far away. He was in that line for a square deal and a decent civilization. This, too, helped to make pos- sible that strange but unmistakable difference in his amazing heroism. To use the phrase of Secretary Baker, who saw the boys in one action, "The American soldier literally romps in battle." It was a kind of intoxication of courage, yet wholly deliberate and fully conscious of the peril. Again and again have men walked out in the open to draw the fire of a hidden machine gun, that his pals might locate it, but knowing well that they would bury him in the soil of France. In a few minutes after one company of 250 went Into action at Chiteau-Thierry, 245 of them were down, but there was never a moment of wavering or hesitation. Only 200 of our men and 10 machine guns held the horde of Huns at the Chtteau-Thierry bridges across the Marne for hours till reinforcements could come. Most of the 200 never came back. In desperation they fired not wildly, in the "direction of the enemy," but coolly calculating the distance, adjusting their sight accordingly, picking out one man and bringing him down. Then the next, often with some grim jest to the nearest pal. That young officer was absolutely typical who, when asked by a French officer at Ch§,teau-Thierry to cover the French retreat until they could go back a kilometer and dig a trench into which the Americans could then retreat, replied, "The hell you say! We Ve just come, and we did n't come to retreat!" And WAR RECORD 17 not an inch of ground did they yield. Hindenberg said when we entered the war, "The American soldier is a coward and won't fight; he has never been trained and can't fight, and they can never get him over here if he would and could fight." It was Hindenberg again who said, after Chateau-Thierry, "Mark me, from this time on the American soldier is our most dangerous enemy." This accurately expresses the conviction of every German soldier after he had come in contact with our boys, and especially if he had met the doughboy with the bayonet. Though they hated the work of the bayonet, our boys were usually eager to get into bayonet combat with the Hun because they knew themselves to be vastly superior to the Hun in hand-to-hand combat. One very seldom saw an Amer- ican soldier dead or wounded by the bayonet, while death or wounds by the American bayonet were very common among the Germans, and they early came to feel the doughboy to be invincible. A letter was found on the dead body of a German soldier in the St. Mihiel drive, through which it was my privilege to go with the 90th Division, written by a pal from the Chateau-Thierry sector. In it was this paragraph giving the typical Hun fear of the doughboy: "If the American soldiers are down there, and if they come out of their trenches, you get out of yours or prepare to meet your God, that 's all, for they are like lightning; they come mighty quick, and nothing can stop them." Never again can it be said that the citizen soldier is inferior to the professional. It will always be remembered that his chivalry, self-forgetting sacrificial heroism, has never been surpassed. But his bravery was matched by his amazing spirit in the fighting line. Back of the line in the training camps he "grouched" about everything. But in the fighting line he bore everything with- out complaint. The writer has seen many hundreds of men wounded, bleeding, gassed, but with one exception never heard an American soldier even moan. The one exception was at the little village of Vilcey, south of Metz, where, under violent shell fire, a soldier terribly wounded in the head, unconscious, dying in a few minutes, was quietly moaning, "My head, my head!" A physician at Chateau- Thierry and later battles, on whose operating table thousands had gone under the knife, said to the writer that with the exception of a few soldiers whom he had placed under ether, he had not heard a. single doughboy either moan or groan all summer long. They looked out for "number one" back in the training camp, but up there they thought of each other first. There were of course excep- 18 BOSTON UNIVERSITY tions to this, but the writer saw none nor heard of any in the actual fighting. The soldier whose legs were both shot off and who said com- mandingly, when they were lifting him to the ambulance, "Get out o' here; take those fellows who are really hurt," expressed the real spirit seen everywhere in the terrible line. Again and again have I felt as Moses must have felt when he removed his shoes on the holy ground. I have many times felt like baring my head in the presence of men who in the stress of peril acted so much like Christ, and never seemed conscious of it. Can anything ever be finer at such a time than the wounded lad who, when told that he must go West in a few minutes, quietly replied, "Oh, well, it does n't matter; my livin* would n't win this war anyway." Not his living or dying, but to win that war, was the thing that mattered. By the thousands they fought, suffered, and died in the same spirit. It was likewise shown in their attitude toward the horrible in- convenience and privations while they were fighting. Boys who had never slept except between two clean sheets, and had eaten only the best of food, delicately served, there slept, lived, fought, in the indescribable French mud and chill and rain, went long without food and water, sometimes weeks without enough of the latter to wash or shave in, and never complained of it, but constantly joked about it. And this suggests the third striking characteristic every one saw in the doughboy who saw him in action, namely, his unbelievable humor. No other characteristic so convinced the thoughtful ob- server quickly and fully that the doughboy was simply invincible than did his humor in the hour of peril and suffering. It took some time and thought to see the real meaning and significance of the jokes, rough and fine, that flew like shuttles in the warp and woof of destiny. Finally it began to dawn upon one. This is what it meant: "Play the game, play the game. No matter if you die, PLAY THE GAME!" And how they did play the game, bless their wonderful hearts! How they bucked each other up in the moments of peril, by their cheerful ribaldry and unfailing fun. Their silly war songs and parodies, flung like a gay defiance at death and the Hun, made the very desolation of ghastly walls of shattered homes and twisted stumps of once stately trees less somber and terrifying; made the mud and the cold less grim and cheerless; and made the cause of the savage in the opposite trenches seem what it really was from the moment our men went into the line — a lost cause and hopeless. WAR RECORD 19 The New Yorker with both legs off, laughing as he said, "Won't I look dandy going down Fifth Avenue selling pencils!" The soldier in the front trench under a German box-barrage, shouting to his nearest neighbor ten feet away, who could of course hear not a word, but who, when the din was over, asked, "What in thunder were you saying?" replied, "Why, you bloomin' idiot, I had the hiccoughs and I wanted you to say something to frighten me!" The doughboy in the St. Mihiel drive who captured a German officer's horse, overcoat, and helmet, donned the two latter, mounted the horse, and rode back to meet the next wave of doughboys with his hands up yelling, "Kamerad! Kamerad!" The artillery lad who painted along the long barrel of the 16-inch gun, with its messages constantly going over our heads into Metz, the name of "Old Dutch Cleanser!" — these are but typical of the spirit of the American soldier in action. An army like that will never be whipped. They will die by the thousands, die with genial jest upon their lips, but they will never be conquered. A fourth characteristic was the doughboy's fundamental and supporting faith in God and the future. About it he talked little, but any one who ever says that the American soldier in France was without religion betrays either his ignorance of the soldier, his own lack of religion, or an incapacity to recognize essential religious faith when he sees it. It was there, often under even a profane exterior. The big-boned Texan who came up with rifle and pack at the close of a quiet little communion service held during a brief lull, and said, with tears in his eyes, "That was a damn fine time," was uttering in his own way a great and comforting faith in a Christ who went also to the cross rather than fail of his duty. There were countless lads who could have written what one wrote home to his mother, — "Dear Mother, I believe, I have found my faith here. Every one finds his belief — his faith — here, and I have found mine." The entire space allotted me could be filled with evidences of the soldier's faith in God, out there in the line of death, however he may honor or dishonor that faith when he is back home in safety. A fifth characteristic of the American lad in the atmosphere of the battle line was his idealism. The writer has for twenty years mingled sympathetically with the youth of his native land, and believes that in normal times of peace seventy-five in every hundred of them are essentially selfish, self-centered, simply looking into the future with the ambition for success — prosperity — in some trade 20 BOSTON UNIVERSITY or profession. Suddenly came a great call from humanity, and rang like a mighty challenge in the soul of American youth, calling into life every dormant altruistic capacity of which they were capable. Never in all the scarlet past. Since God first placed the suns; Not since the Goths drank deep of blood And women feared the Huns; Not since the hordes of Attila Spread their flame and shame. Came a call so clear, for men to hear. Who would fight in freedom's name. And up they came from log hut and palace to answer the world call for help. The nearer they approached the fighting line, the nobler was their sacrificial idealism, until at the front it seemed that every man of them had laid his life upon the altar of humanity's great need. Countless thousands of them had never before expe- rienced the luxury and joy of forgetting themselves and giving life for others. There they discovered it, — with surpriseandjoy they found it, — and again and again they have said to me in quiet moments, "If I should get back home, it does not seem to me I could ever settle down to do what I had planned to do — just make money .^' Back out of the line and homeward the writer came with fear lest we should not be able as a people to meet and greet the returning doughboy with an idealism like that. If we cannot and do not, we are unworthy of him and what he did for us all. As we crept up the misty, foggy harbor of New York, that October Sunday morning, three hundred wounded boys, legless, armless, with cots and bandages and crutches, were crowded out on the deck peering eagerly in every direction for a first glimpse of home. All at once she came, out of the mist and cloud, holding aloft her lighted torch, "Liberty Enlightening the World." It was one of the most beautiful, solemn moments ever given to a man to live. There were many moist eyes that had faced death with a look steady and undimmed. Standing in the midst of them I heard a wounded doughboy behind me talking to himself. This is what he said: ^^ Now she can lower her arm a bit." He had helped her to do her world task. He had given some of his blood to help make her message good. He was standing in the midst of three hundred, every one of whom had given some of his blood to make her message good. To us all comes the deathless challenge, — to make her mes- sage good at home, in all the earth, or we shall be unworthy of the sacrifice of these wonderful lads. L I E U T E X A X T J - HORACE F A R X H A M WAR RECORD 21 J. HORACE FARNHAM TIEUTENANT J. HORACE FARNHAM, of the Canadian "^ Royal Flying Corps, was killed in an aeroplane accident in England, April 25, 1918. Mr. Farnham enlisted in the Canadian Royal Flying Corps in August, 1917, and for a time was stationed at Toronto; later he was sent to Kelly Field, San Antonio, Tex., where he finished his training in aviation. He was then sent to England for intensive training, and specialization on war machines, at the R. F. C. camp at Yatesbury, Wiltshire. Mr. Farnham was at the time of his death a senior in the evening division of the College of Business Administration. He was one of the most popular men in college. The members of his class presented to the college a fine portrait of Mr. Farnham; this portrait has been placed on the walls of the college library. 22 BOSTON UNIVERSITY VARIETIES OF WAR EXPERIENCE WITH THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION IN FRANCE Samuel Dupertuis [Rev. Samuel Dupertuis, a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a graduate of the University of Puget Sound, '14, received the degree of A.M. from Boston University in 1916.] AMONG the many chapters to be written on the subject of - the great war, none will be filled with more human interest and ennobling experiences than the recital of the services rendered by the Young Men's Christian Association and kindred organiza- tions. The writer is not a professional Y. M. C. A. man — he is a clergyman and a college professor. It was his high privilege to spend fifteen months in war work in France. The experiences here re- lated are not unique; they are rather typical of those of the thou- sands of men and women who were engaged in war work. I went to France in September, 1917, and was first assigned to serve in Paris as interpreter. Then one day came an urgent call to the office to send a Y. M. C. A. man with equipment to a camp just set up some thirty-five miles north of Paris. I was chosen for that service. I found that the camp was the Base Camp of the United States Army Ambulance Service with the French Army. The camp was situated in an abandoned farmhouse, the rooms being used for offices, the material being stored in the barn and stable. The men slept in their ambulances. It was late in October. The rains had set in and the red-clay mud was thick and sticky. The atmosphere was damp and chilly. The men worked all day in the rain and damp, ate their meals outside in the rain, and when night came crept into their ambulances with their clothes wet and their feet covered with mud. There was no room for them to sit in, no fire, no place in which to read or write or spend the evening. It was a gloomy life they were living until barracks could be built for them and roads made to keep them out of the mud. A cheer went up among the men when they saw the "Y" man ride into the camp. Seeing the conditions, I immediately secured a tent and equipment — tables, chairs, stoves, etc. — from our Paris warehouse, and with the volunteer help of soldiers soon had the tent up and ready for opening. WAR RECORD 23 Our grand opening was on Hallowe'en night. There were three hundred men in camp. A program was drawn up consisting of songs, readings, and speeches by the men. Everybody, including all the officers, was there. The commanding officer made a speech, the Y. M. C. A. man spoke from the standpoint of that organiza- tion, and amid general and enthusiastic rejoicing the tent was formally dedicated to the soldiers as their meeting-place, their comfort, their home. But after that came the surprise of the evening — for they had been warned that a surprise was in store for them. After the program there was uncovered, as if by magic, a spread that delighted their eyes. But it was not for their eyes only; there were coffee, biscuits, cheese, and apples, and row upon row of pumpkin pies. "The first I have tasted since I left home;" "Just like home;" "The kind mother used to make," were the com- ments heard on every hand. Yes, it was to be a home for the men. If I were asked to give in one word the significance of the work of the Y. M. C. A. in France, I would reply, "Home." These young college men — for they were volunteers from American colleges — had no home in France; the "Y" tent was now to be their home. Up to this moment they had had no place for reading, writing, or social intercourse; now they were to come to the warm, comfortable, home-like tent to spend the evening or leisure hours. Here they had music, books, games, a canteen. Frequently we had an entertainment in the even- ing, consisting usually of musical concerts given by American or French artists sent by the Entertainment Bureau of the Y. M. C. A., in Paris. The "Y" man, being a teacher of French, organized classes in French for both men and officers, so that most of the several thousand men who passed through the camp on their way to the front obtained some elementary knowledge of French through that means. On Sundays we had a formal religious service at ten o'clock in the morning, as much like a church service in America as possible, and in the evening we frequently had a free-for-all, general "sing." The men were happy. The discipline was much improved. The officers were delighted. The men would say every day, "This is just like home. What would we do without the Y. M. C. A.?" During the whole winter the most popular place in the camp was the "Tent," where there was never a dull moment. I think, however, that it can truthfully be said that the greatest 24 BOSTON UNIVERSITY factor in the work of the Y. M. C. A. was not its equipment, not the canteens, but the human factor, the personal touch, the "Y" man. He, after all, was the real center and often the source of all the manifold activities of his organization in the camp. He was there. Men came to him for information on a hundred subjects or for advice. They read him some of their letters; they asked him to write to their parents; they sometimes confided their love affairs to him; they came to him for religious advice. It was the personal touch, the kind word, the hearty handshakes, that not infrequently put a new heart into a discouraged and homesick man. By-products are sometimes of greater importance than the direct product. There is a by-product of the work of the welfare organizations in France to which reference is not often made, but which is to me of very great significance. It is the imparting to the French people of many of our American ideals. I recall two striking incidents. When, in the fall of 1917, we were near to our annual Thanksgiving day, and were making extensive preparations for a celebration worthy of the occasion, the French civilians in the community asked me the meaning of this holiday. I told them that it is the custom for our President once a year to make a proclamation calling on the people everywhere to cease from their labors and give formal thanks, both in private and in public, to Almighty God for His benefits during the year. "It is one of your church holidays," they said. And when I replied that it was not a church but a national holiday, they exclaimed, "You are a very religious people. That explains your unique ideals and your great- ness." I found after many conversations with people of every class, from unlearned peasants to persons of refinement and culture, that the whole American effort in the war, with its colossal pro- portions, its marvel of organization, its welfare work, its philan- thropy, the good behavior and superb valor of our men, and our devotion to the great ideal of Liberty, is regarded as an expression of our religion as a people. Whether this conception is correct or not may be questioned by some, nevertheless it cannot help exerting a great moral influence upon those who interpret our effort in that light. In the spring of 1918 we observed "Mother's Day" in our camp. In preparation for it I asked every man to secure a white flower to wear in honor of the day; and at an entertainment where there were many civilians I asked them if they would help us secure flowers WAR RECORD 25 for decorations. "Yes, gladly," they answered in a hearty chorus. When the day came we were almost buried under flowers, — potted flowers, palms, cut flowers, and flowers from garden and field, — all brought by civilians. At the suggestion of a soldier I had re- quested the Paris office to send us an American lady of middle age to be the guest of the camp for the day and to represent "Mother" to us all. Sunday came. The program consisted of music and hymns, just as in the churches in America; an address on "Mother" by an officer, another by a soldier; a speech from the lady who was to come; and a fe w words from the "Y" man. The platform was arranged like a flower garden. The barrack (we had replaced the tent by a barrack) was crowded with soldiers and civilians. The men were all eagerly looking for the lady, the guest of the day. It is not difficult to imagine the tumultuous applause when I led to the platform, among the flowers, not one American lady of middle age, but two bright, modest "Y" girls — far below middle age. The service was religious and impressive. One of the girls gave to the boys a talk that they will not soon forget. The girls were the guests of the officers for the noon mess, and of the men for the rest of the day. They spent the afternoon in the canteen, serving the men. They ate with the men at mess in the evening. There were two mess-halls, and one of the girls presided at mess in one hall and the other in the other. The "Y" man divided his meal between the two halls. Then came the evening. The barrack was arranged like a church parlor, with flowers upon stands in the middle of the floor, and the seats in a row around the wall. The girls sat in the flower garden on the platform. We then had a "sing," and how the men sang! For nearly two hours we sang hymns and popular songs and had several readings. Each of the girls gave a good, wholesome talk to the men, and then served them chocolate and cookies. To close this memorable day I asked the girls to stand at the door as the men went out and shake hands with them, and thus every man in the camp had the opportunity of shaking hands with a real American girl — a rare treat then in France. The men were happy, and will never forget that day. They talked of it for weeks afterward. And the civilians! They thought it the most beautiful thing they had ever seen — that a day should be so religiously 26 BOSTON UNIVERSITY spent in honor of Mother. And so again they were impressed with another of our beautiful ideals. This day was spent in similar manner in hundreds of camps throughout France, and the total impress upon the people must have been great. My next experience was a trip to the front. It was there, in company with another "Y" man, that I took supplies to our men right up to the lines, under shell fire, sometimes in full view of the Germans. I can truly say that the Y. M. C. A. was with the men at the front, sharing their hardships and dangers. On a trip of a hundred and fifty miles along the front I found the Y. M. C. A. everywhere, serving the men in tents with canteen, reading and writing material, entertainments, and religious services. It was everywhere an oasis in the desert to the men. There is one week in my life I can never forget. I was then stationed in the headquarters of the Y. M. C. A. in Paris. Two days after the great offensive of the Germans on July 14, 1918, word came to us that volunteer workers were needed in the hospitals of the city, for the wounded were pouring in in large numbers. Leaving my desk I hastened to one of the largest hospitals. Soon I found myself, with many others, busy caring for the men as they were brought in. They were nearly all Americans. They came in ambulance loads — in whole trains of ambulances. They poured in by scores — by hundreds — daily. A large percentage of them were stretcher cases. We would unload them from the am- bulances and lay them down in rows upon the floor of the large receiving ward. A doctor would ascertain the nature of their wounds — they had all received first-aid treatment. Then we would remove their clothing, often cutting it off with scissors, piece by piece. After putting night clothes on them we carried them to the bath- room and then to the operating room. There were five operating rooms, with four and five tables in each. Operations went on day and night without ceasing in all the rooms for one week. About four thousand men were cared for during that week. They were wounded in every conceivable way and place, with shrapnel or machine gun, rifle bullet or gas. Some were only slightly wounded, some seriously, others fatally. What impressed me most was not their wounds nor their sufferings, but their wonderful patience. To see men, suffering from serious wounds, lie for many hours on a hard stretcher waiting for their turn on the operating table, and that without a murmur, was ennobling. With what utter devotion we worked with them! We WAR RECORD 27 almost forgot that we ever got tired. We worked day and night without time for sleep or rest. I worked most of the time with a doctor who had five hours' sleep in five days. I had but little more. We did not mind it. We were happy to do what we could. The men were always glad to see a Y. M. C. A. man around them. Many would tell us their experiences. Not a few men died each day. I remember one Saturday morn- ing, just at daybreak, after I had carried stretchers all night long, I was carrying men from the operating room to their beds, when a nurse said to me, "Take this man quickly to his bed and give this note to the nurse." With another man I carried him to a bed. The nurse administered some powerful stimulant and said to me, "This man cannot last long. I am too busy to stay with him. We must not let him die alone. Won't you stay with him?" I did, of course. He was a fine looking young man of about twenty-six years. He lay there unconscious, gasping for breath. I stayed all alone with him for about twenty minutes, when without a struggle he ceased breathing and paid the great price for human liberty. As I sat there by his side I tried in my sympathy to take the place of his loved ones, and as my tears fell my heart went out to them in sorrow- I took his address, and after many months finally found where his mother lived. I wrote to her and told her how a Y. M. C. A. man watched by her son until the last, taking her place as best he could. Her letter of gratitude to me is a treasure I shall forever keep. At this writing I am in a Foyer du Soldat, the French Y. M. C. A. We serve men chocolate from the canteen and many articles from the bazar. We have entertainments several nights each week, about 800 men filling the room each night. I teach a class in Eng- lish. It is inspiring to see these young French "poilus" earnestly trying to learn English. One night recently I gave a talk on America. The room was crowded. Again and again the men cheered as I told them of our ideals and our attitude toward the French nation. They cheer when I step upon the platform. They cheer when I step down into the audience. They gather around me in groups and ask questions. They say to me, "We want our country to possess those great ideals which are yours." Among the many results achieved by the Y. M. C. A. in France not the least will be the interpretation of our American ideals to the French people. 28 BOSTON UNIVERSITY HARRY WEBB FARRINGTON HARRY WEBB FARRINGTON, Theology '10, saw service overseas and returned with the title of Honorary Cuirassier of the First Class of the French Army. This entitled him to wear the French uniform and to membership in one of the oldest and most distinguished cavalry regiments in France. Mr. Farrington re- ceived this high honor in recognition of his services in installing the Y. M. C. A. Foyers du Soldat in the French Army. He sailed for France March 1, 1918. On his arrival he was assigned to work among the French soldiers. He began in Vancia among the automobile drivers and wounded men behind the lines; his work in organizing and stimulating athletics among the men soon attracted the attention of the French soldiers at Lyons, and he was asked to go there to the largest permanent camp in France. Starting the work single handed he, in less than a year, built up a large organization with complete athletic fields, four huts, volley- ball, basket-ball, hockey, and other games. Mr. Farrington worked from the poilu up instead of from the officers down. The sight of an American playing games and toiling day and night in building athletic fields and handball courts, excited the wonder at first of the French officers. They soon became impressed with his whole-hearted devotion to the French soldiers, and joined cordially in cooperating with this representative of the Y. M. C. A. He was given two lieutenants, eight under officers, and hundreds of men to assist him. He was made official athletic instructor of the military camp. When he was about to return to America, he was given the honorary membership in the regiment and an official invitation to return and become head of the Foyers du Soldat in the French Army. The order conferring the rank of Cuirassier on Mr. Farrington read as follows in the original: "Se faisant I'interprete de tous les officiers. Grades & Cavaliers des d6p6ts des 1^ et 10* Regiments de Cuirassiers, le Lieutenant- Colonel, Commandant les depots de Cuirassiers de Lyon, Nomme: "Cuirassier de lere Classe, honoraire, HARRY WEBB FARRINGTON, Syracuse & Harvard University (Am^rique), en reconnaissance de tous les services qu'il a rendus aux Cuirassiers de la Part-Dieu, de son d^vouement inlassable dans I'organisation des jeux athl6tiques, et en particulier dans la fondation du "Foyer du Soldat" qui a augmente dans de grandes proportions le bien-^tre des Cavaliers du Quartier." HARRY WEBB FARRINGTON WAR RECORD 29 Mr. Farrington has embodied his thrilling experiences in France in a collection of poems. One of these, "France Calls to Me," is espe- cially well known both at home and in France. We herewith give in full another of his poems, entitled "The Face of France." The Face of France 1 Yesterday Our France was fair, Like a gracious girl With a joyous air; Yesterday A smile was there, With laughing eyes And wind-tossed hair. For her waving locks and soft, light hair. Were the trees and the grain in the summer air; And her deep, red cheeks and laughing eyes. Were the sun-kissed clouds of the bright, blue skies. Yesterday Our France was fair; Her face was free From the lines of care. But to-day Our France is marred, Like a widowed girl From her mate debarred; Ah, to-day Her face is scarred With hollowed cheeks And wrinkles hard. For her hollowed cheeks and sunken eyes Are the deep shell-holes, where her glory lies; And the hard, drawn lines on her once smooth brow, Are the furrowed fields of the trenches now. And to-day Our France is marred; Her face from the gaze Of the world is barred. 30 BOSTON UNIVERSITY To-morrow Our France is strong. Like a girl mature Who has conquered wrong; To-morrow She sings a song, In tune with the sound Of the Builder's throng. For the serious song from her finer face Is the sound of restoring her ravished place; And her chastened color, and deeper eyes, Are the features seen where a New France lies. To-morrow Our France is strong. Mature, noble woman Who conquered wrong. r THE FOYER DU SOLDAT Harry Webb Farrington [Harry Webb Farrington is a graduate of Syracuse University, '07, and of the School of Theology of Boston University, '10. He worked among the French soldiers as a Y. M. C. A. secretary. For his services he was awarded the unique distinction of Brevet de Cuirassiers de lere Classe Honoraire in the French Army.] THE morning war was declared a telegram offering my services as a chaplain was sent to Washington; unfortunately it was received by a personal friend, who advised me to stay at my par- ticular task, as there were plenty of men less needed at home. However, some time later there came to my ears from an Italian street organ the strains of the "Marseillaise." Before it ended new sounds and visions came to me — the murmur of pupils and teachers in underground schools, young widows and old women sitting on debris and staring into space, the moaning wind, coursing through broken church towers, and the groans of wounded soldiers. And when I arose and came to myself I was in Hotel Astor in Bordeaux. En route to Paris every glance out of the car window was a "Millet"or a "Corot." No wonder they said, "They shall not pass." WAR RECORD 31 At Orleans I heard the "Maid" passing on the voices that had spoken to her. They were louder and more definite in the capital when "Dri" Davis, a Syracuse classmate, told of France's suffer- ings, heroisms, and needs. Paris, with its air raids and the long guns, was a tragic drama. While waiting to get into the French Army, it was impossible not to write poetry. After some temporary service with the American troops in the Marne and in speaking to troops, consternation seized me at being sent to Fort du Vancia, near Lyons, instead of to Soissons, on the front. I. Vancia, A poet's paradise. Real work began about 4.30 p.m., but being the only American within a radius of ten miles, the initials on my collar spelled out, "Your Motto Christian American." Four words tell the story. 1. Perils. Being out of range of guns and planes, 1 experienced the perils of loafing, lures of the near-by city, brooding over one's own troubles and difficulties with French colleagues, mere routine of giving boys football to kick around in their own way, and counting up dirty paper money at night. This would not back up Pershing's reasons for suggesting to Petain, "a *Y' man and program in every regiment." The job was to get as near the war-winning game as possible, and not to do literary work, see the country, or secure political capital. We were to add something new to the French Army. 2. Personnel. I was blessed with a good colleague, Mr. Doste, an Alsatian Roman Catholic. Our harmony came from keeping our minds on the poilu and his needs. "You have the rubbish of the French Army," I was told. It was untrue, although they were what might be called the slow-pokes, clodhoppers, and good-for-nothing-elsers. They included young and old wounded men, also "auxiliaires," fitted for little else than to run autos. Our job was to make the younger ones more alert and keep up the morale of all. 3. Program. I soon saw that, left alone, the war- weary poilus were contented to drink chocolate, write letters, look at blurred films, and, if very active, kick the soccer ball a little. Aside from "jeux de boules," there was no recreation. We started with the 32 BOSTON UNIVERSITY game of "horse-shoes," first as a solitaire, then with a few observers. In my play I showed such enthusiasm that they first thought it the American national game. So sincerely did they appreciate and enter into this game that one night at 9 o'clock, I was on my knees with them measuring, by the little lighters (briquettes), the shoe nearest the peg. My impatient cook was calling me to count up the money. "Tranquille," I replied; "this is more important." Then followed two courts for volley ball, young against the old, until they used to deceive me as to time, in order to play longer. Three jeuxde boules courts were constructed, a fine croquet ground, an open theater, and finally a real baseball diamond. Permission from the engineers being wanting to cut down the trees, one of the men was changed into a most intelligent mole; phantom Boche planes nightly passed, and between their deadly aim and his intui- tion the trees disappeared and nobody was unhappy. True, no expert players were developed, but they went away with the principles and the enthusiasm. I did not have to greet them first, when the day's work began at 7 a.m. instead of 4.30 p.m. The result was that on a visit of Major General Hibiki of the Japanese Army, who spoke to a crowded hutful of men who re- mained indoors after he left, he found outdoors seven different forms of physical recreation. The gratifying thing was that noth- ing was staged, and that the men would have been there regard- less of his visit. No game ceased with his inspection of something else. When the first companies of the volunteer Siamese Army to France were assigned to come to Vancia for training, it was the Red Triangle program prepared for them that saved their morale and demonstrated to the French officers the fundamental philos- ophy and absolute indispensability of the "Y." 4. Products. At Fort Sermenas, a mile away, a place discov- ered while we were seeking a short cut to the tramway, some library facilities and recreation were installed, greatly to the appreciation of the officers and every man, many of whom had visited Vancia. Fort Sathony, two miles away, was the famous home of 4,00(> Zouaves. My most alert boys, sent over there, would revisit me and say: "lis ont beaucoup de terrain pour jouer la, mais pas d'equipement ou de direction." Our officers intermingled. Finally I was invited to visit the officers there. The most impressive WAR RECORD 33 experience was in finding one of my boys in company with a young wounded aviator, the light-weight boxing champion of France. The commandant went to Paris to urge the Foyer du Soldat to do something. It was hard to resist the lure of the fine athletic field and the alert Zouaves, but there was a more needy call from elsewhere. II. Part Dieu Ten miles into Lyons, in the heart of this great and ancient city, is the largest walled-in caserne of France, — "La Part Dieu," — the home, drill grounds, and training school of cuirassier, artillery, train, and automobile, with seven to ten thousand men going and coming all the time. Some officers from there had visited us and urged us to try to do something for them. Their invitation was re- ferred to headquarters, with the final result that I was allowed to go there. The proposition at Part Dieu involved some new policies on the part of the Foyer du Soldat, Y. M. C. A., or Union Franco Americaine, since it was the first venture into a permanent caserne or military establishment. I was willing to go there, first because of the distressing need. There was nothing for these men except dark, dingy wine cafes or canteens. There was one football there, but it was no good. Then I saw there was an opportunity to make a permanent demonstration of a French Army Y. M. C. A., im- possible in the fighting area. Past experience prepared me for this new work, a work of which, as I learned before leaving, one of the colonels said, "He will never arrive." L I began from the bottom up, by winning at once the respect, confidence, and friendship of the secretary to the adjutant of the commandant. 2. Instead of impressing ideas, an example was set by working just as long and hard as my humblest poilu in the enterprises undertaken. 3. In place of autocratic domineering, responsibility and posi- tion were put upon others, wherever possible. Mediocre work by them was given the preference over excellent work by myself. 4. I learned that what the French undertook was done thor- oughly and artistically. Athletics. With the resources at hand and the solicited co- operation of as many parts of the service as possible, one of the 34 BOSTON UNIVERSITY most practical and beautiful double volley-ball courts in France was constructed. The first demonstration, at 8 o'clock one morning, by the white-duck clad artillery lads, witnessed by the leading officers, was beyond all expectations. This was followed by two other courts; two fine stone-line boundary basket-ball courts; three jeux de boules alleys; and finally, after great labor, which in- volved many weeks and the transportation from a great distance of thousands of cubic feet of cinders, one playground and one regular baseball diamond. As many as twelve games were in operation simultaneously. In addition to raising the morale and alertness of the men, and aside from the voluntary participation of the men whenever free to play, the work became a required part of the military program. Physical Education. The officers were quick to see the strategic and military value of the free-movement, out-of-doors American games. As a result, the physical education of all the young soldiers was put into my hands. I was given a staff of ten grade and under- officers, and beginnings were made to correlate the formalistic exercises of the French Army with distinctive American games. As a by-product, interest was aroused in the boys' schools, and the early morning of July 4 witnessed the introduction of baseball to the boys of the famous Lycee Ampere in Pare Tete d'Or. Apparatus was installed and baseball and volley-ball were started at Loyasse, in the "Central Regionale Instruction Phy- sique," one of the eight military training schools of France. Foyers. My theory gained from the experience of the Associa- tion in America was opposed to that of some of the French Foyer du Soldat leaders, who believed that soldiers would not be content to stay in a "prison-like" caserne, even if the "real things were going on inside." I therefore saw that to establish an Army Y. M. C. A. for, by, and with the army it would be necessary for me to "stoop to conquer." At the outset of the work I had my credentials from Mr. D. A. Davis, the American director, and left Paris for Part Dieu with the seconding of the full program of work by Mr. Wm. S. Coffin, the other American director, and with his permission took, in the bag- gage car, four giant baskets of equipment for the huts. For several months these baskets rested untouched. Then, while the leaders in Paris were debating the possibility of such a work, I loaned myself five hundred francs, borrowed five hundred from the secretary WAR RECORD 35 to our American regional director, and on one of the "up days," with a slender thread of permission from the director, I "dug in," so that when the leaders came to consider and inspect there was too much going on, and it was rooted too deeply in the hearts of the soldiers and officers, to be disturbed. Four foyers of varying sizes had been established in the great barracks, and twenty-five soldiers, from privates to sous-officiers, were employed and paid modestly out of the necessary profits of the canteens. A French colleague and an American assistant were sent. I was virtually made an athletic officer in the French Army, and so greatly was our American effort appreciated that, before leaving, the governor-general attended, and celebrated artists of the Grand Theater assisted at a monster concert. Part Dieu being the only gasoline station between Marseilles and Dijon or Metz, we were, with the establishment of our foyers, able to give aid and comfort to thousands of American boys in the convoys. We had at least laid such foundations that when I left for Amer- ica, Mr. Frank C. Hazen, a wealthy and well-known New Yorker, left his wonderful work at quai de Retz to take charge of the foyers. In addition, two men were secured for the athletics and a professor for the English and Americanization work. For the first time in my life I found myself tired and worn, but that was forgotten in the warm and tender appreciation. In spite of my progress in French, it was only when my lips touched the rough cheeks of some of my old poilus that I could make them feel my real affection; and when Colonel Schweiger embraced me with a kiss, I knew it was deeper than a mere formality. In a way I was glad that public religious activities on the part of the Americans were prohibited in the French Army, for in a thou- sand ways my actions could better exemplify the Jesus who went about doing good. The French people, when they realized the presence of the American soldiers, could not interpret it except in the terms of idealism and the actions of a religion of democracy; and when they felt the service of the men and women without weapons, who fought for their morale and personal welfare, they saw a Christ stepping out of the paintings and pulpits, the lofts and the lecterns, and moving among them as one who ministers. 36 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Because so much of my work was constructive, in fifteen hundred other places it was deeper and more thorough. It was but an im- perfect miniature of a part of the deeper impact of America upon France. r BASE HOSPITAL FORTY-FOUR Wesley T. Lee [Dr. Wesley T. Lee is Professor of Diseases of the Skin in the School of Med- icine of Boston University.] SHORTLY after the United States Government declared war upon the Imperial German Empire, a meeting of the staff of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital was held, at which it was unanimously voted that an offer be made to the American Red Cross to organize a base hospital in connection with this institu- tion. The authorization for the formation of Base Hospital Forty- four was shortly forthcoming, and an intensive ten-day financial campaign resulted in a large oversubscription of the 330,000 re- quired for the purchase of its equipment. In response to an appeal to the members of the profession associated with the hospital, about seventy physicians offered their services, and thirty-two were selected to serve on the staff of the Base Hospital. Of this number, the following men were members of the Faculty of Boston Uni- versity School of Medicine: Drs. David L. Belding, Orville R. Chadwell, Thomas E. Chandler, Sanford B. Hooker, Wesley T. Lee, Howard Moore, J. Arnold Rockwell, William K. S. Thomas, and William F. Wesselhoeft. In addition to these members of the Faculty, the following graduates of the school were chosen: Drs. Kirke L. Alexander, Milo C. Green, John W. Harvey, John A. Hay- ward, Ralph H. Hopkins, Harold L. Leland, Harry F. Morin, Roland O. Parris, Harold L. Ripley, Warren S. Shields, and Ralph C. Wiggin. Dr. Wesselhoeft was appointed Director of the Base Hospital, and Mrs. Alice H. Flash, Superintendent of Nurses at the Massa- chusetts Homoeopathic Hospital, was selected as Chief Nurse. One hundred nurses were enrolled, and an enlisted personnel of two hundred was chosen from nearly two thousand applicants. During the summer the task of organizing and equipping the Unit progressed rapidly. The officers received their commissions; physical examinations, vaccinations, and inoculations were done; many of the enlisted men received training in the hospital wards; WAR RECORD 37 and the tremendous undertaking of purchasing the vast amount of necessary supplies was carried forward. Every effort was made to complete the work as quickly as possible, for it was supposed that the Unit would be called into active service early in the fall; but the weeks slipped by, and nothing more substantial developed than innumerable rumors concerning the future movements of the hos- pital. Opportunity was given to develop and perfect plans for the activities of the organization; to select apparatus which would be especially useful in the work of the members of the staff; and for the special training of many of the officers in the military schools, camps, and hospitals. Twenty of the nurses volunteered for tem- porary service, and were assigned for duty in some of the canton- ments. The long deferred and anxiously awaited action of the War Department came late in February, 1918, and the mobilization of the Enlisted Personnel occurred at the Out Patient Department of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital on Sunday, March 10. Lunch was served, and an inspiring address was delivered by the director. Mr. Ezra H. Baker, President of the Board of Trus- tees, extended his felicitations and good wishes in behalf of the institution. The Command proceeded in special trolley cars to the armory in Charlestown, where the task of outfitting the men was at once begun. The garments of civilian life were discarded, and these boys became soldiers from their skins out. The following day was spent in adjustments of seemingly impossible combinations and conditions of equipment, and in the evening the detachment en- trained and proceeded to Camp Dix, New Jersey. During the next three weeks the men were subjected to a course of intensive military training, and their development as soldiers was rapid and inspiring. They entered their new life with a determina- tion to "make good," and the morale of the organization was at the maximum. On April 1 the Command was transferred to the Camp Dix Base Hospital, and the men were assigned to the various de- partments of the institution for training. Orders for the mobiliza- tion of the Commissioned Personnel and Nurse Corps were received early in April. The medical officers reported for duty at Camp Dix, while the nurses were divided into detachments and stationed in fourteen cantonments for temporary duty. By the middle of April the mobilization of Base Hospital Forty-four was practically completed. 38 BOSTON UNIVERSITY The experiences gained during these weeks of training w,ere very valuable, and were conducive to the success of the work done by the Unit overseas. The Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col. Robert H. Wilds, arrived, and on April 19 word was received that the Unit would sail on May 1. A period of intense activity was inaugurated, and frantic efforts were made to complete the equipment and pre- pare the endless collections of data which were required. On Sun- day, April '22, the fond parents, distressed wives, tearful sweet- hearts, and admiring relatives and friends of the brave soldier boys flocked into camp by train and automobile, and the adieus were said and done. The fateful day arrived — and nothing happened. Other days came and went, and still no orders were forthcoming. Rumors there were aplenty, but the "Powers that be" preserved a sphinx-like silence. Gradually the tension relaxed, work details were resumed, and the men settled down to a prolonged period of watchful waiting. It was not until July 2 that the overseas orders were received. On the morning of July 5 the Unit proceeded to Hoboken, and the transport was boarded late in the afternoon. During the night troops continued to embark, and before morning the boat was com- pletely filled with men and freight. The convoy, consisting of fifteen transports and a battle cruiser, left New York on the sixth. The voyage was replete with interesting happenings and con- ditions. The men were not allowed to separate themselves from their life-preservers during the entire passage; daily boat drills were held; not a ray of light was permitted to escape from the vessel at night; target practice by the gunners, the zigzagging evolutions of the ships, and the frequent signalings were sources of interest; sub- marine scares were daily occurrences, and the vessel fairly seethed with rumors; physical inspections, music, and letter- writing helped to pass the time. There were many varieties of weather, but the atmospheric conditions were generally favorable and the sea comparatively smooth. Many were afflicted with "mal-de-mer," and some even "cursed the day they were born." During the night of July 15 eight destroyers met the convoy, and early in the morning of the seventeenth the rugged coast of "Bonny Scotland" was clearly seen in the distance. Land was visible during the entire day as the fleet proceeded southward, and mine-sweepers, destroyers, aeroplanes, and a dirigible acted as guardians. Late in the after- noon the convoy approached Liverpool, and on a multitude of WAR RECORD 39 crafts and all along the shores the crowds cheered and waved; bells rang, whistles blew, and every evidence of a hearty welcome was given. The transport came to anchor in the evening, and the songs and cheers of the men on board mingled with the acclaims of those on all sides. The Unit disembarked the following morning, and late in the afternoon entrained and started on the next stage of its journey. The fine gardens, green fields, rolling hills, and peaceful villages looked good to the travel-worn men who had been twelve days on the ocean. Southampton was reached on the morning of the nine- teenth, and four days were spent at a "Rest Camp" in this place. The skies wept almost continuously, the mess was miserable, the accommodations were uncomfortable, and — well, everything. The men were glad when the order to proceed arrived on the twenty- second, and in company with other detachments they crowded the Channel steamer Viper to its utmost capacity. Nobody will forget the trip across the Channel; the furious speed of the steamer and the awful lurches as the course was suddenly changed; the tempest of wind and rain; the impenetrable darkness; the flashing signals of the destroyers; and the groans and agonized exertions of the sick. Le Havre was reached early the next morning. On the following day the Unit proceeded by rail, and early in the morning of July 26, the train came to a jerky stop at the little station of Pougues-les-Eaux. The protracted period of preparation and trans- portation was ended, and Forty-four was about to "do its bit." Pougues-les-Eaux is a small town situated near the geographical center of France. It is two miles from the Loire River, and is sur- rounded by a charmingly picturesque rolling country chiefly occu- pied by farms and vineyards. The town is famous for its mineral springs, of which the St. Leger is the most renowned, and during the summer season has been for many years a popular resort for people desiring to "take the cure." With the advent of the United States into the war, arrangements were made to lease about twenty build- ings to the Government for use as a hospital for the care of American soldiers. These buildings varied in size, from capacities of thirty- five to three hundred, with several not suitable for patients; in age, from a comparatively recent time to an ancient period; and in condition, from a fairly well built and well preserved building, to a time-worn and neglected structure. The gigantic task of preparing these buildings for hospital purposes was presented to Forty-four, 40 BOSTON UNIVERSITY and the men went to work with a will. Beds were set up in all available places; furniture was placed; carpenters, electricians, plumbers, and painters ripped, tore, scraped, altered, and rebuilt the interiors of buildings; while details of soldiers and civilian employees scrubbed and cleaned. The French people were very cordial, and many of the members of the Unit soon formed pleasant friendships. Quite a proportion of the men began an intensive study of the language, assisted by volunteer and professional teachers, and aided and abetted by the townspeople. The Red Cross representative arrived shortly, and immediately formulated plans for the entertainment and comfort of the men of the Unit and of the prospective patients. On August 4, the nurses reached Pougues. The Nurse Corps had been mobilized in New York, and had sailed for France on July 14. After a prolonged trip they arrived in Paris, where twenty-four of their number were detached for special duty. After their arrival in Pougues, the remainder were divided into two groups for duty in large hospital centers near by. One of these groups subsequently returned to Forty-four and remained during the period of activity of the hospital. The first patients were received on August 10, and consisted of one hundred and fifty-nine convalescent soldiers from the Mesves hospital center. These men were practically all ambulatory, and their chief cry was, "When do we eat ?" Daily accessions of patients by train and truck soon taxed the capacity of the hospital to its limit, and everybody was working to the utmost of his ability. Early in October the epidemic of influenza swept over France, and about a third of the officers, nurses, and enlisted men were "hors- de-combat." Those were trying times for Forty-four, and the strength and courage of the members of the Unit were tested to their maximum endurance. Two surgical teams were sent to the front for a period of six weeks, and several of the officers were temporarily detached for service in other places. The machinery of the organization was running smoothly, and everybody had settled down for a "long pull," when, on November 11, the ringing of bells, the shrieking of whistles, the displaying of flags, and the shouts of the people proclaimed the signing of the armistice. The stream of patients entering the hospital ceased to flow and the work quickly decreased in amount. Early in Decem- ber the last of the patients were transferred, and the real work of WAR RECORD 41 Forty-four was completed. About thirty-seven hundred patients had been treated and two hundred surgical operations performed. Thirty-three had died. On December 15, the Unit was moved to the Mesves hospital center. The rain descended profusely and persistently; roofs leaked; the awful mud necessitated the constant wearing of hip boots; drinking-water was scarce and poor; there was no electricity; and there was a penetrating chill in the air. But "fa ne fait rien," and everybody was cheerful; the men were Homeward Bound! Everything seemed to be in readiness for the word which should start the Unit on its journey, and orders were expected daily; but Forty-four was doomed to another heart-breaking period in its history. Day after day passed with no message from the "Great Unknown." Discouraging rumors began to circulate, and several of the officers and enlisted men were transferred to other parts of the A. E. F. for duty. It looked as though the Unit was to be com- pletely broken up and the members retained indefinitely in France. The morale of the organization utterly succumbed, and the only redeeming feature of this period of profound depression was that opportunities were given to most of the men to visit Paris, the battlegrounds, and the leave areas in eastern and southern France. Orders to move finally arrived, and on March 20 the Unit left Mesves, reaching Brest on the twenty-second. Two weeks were spent here at Camp Pontanezen. On April 6 the Command boarded the Graf IValdersee, and as the men watched the receding shores of "Sunny France" their minds were full of thankfulness that their period of enforced tenancy of this war-worn section of the earth had ended, and that they were on the last lap of the long journey to their own country, "God's Country." The voyage to America was uneventful, and on Easter Sunday morning, April 20, the Statue of Liberty loomed in the distance. Cheer upon cheer rose from the soldiers on the ship, and these were answered by the welcoming shouts of those who had come down the harbor to greet the returning troops. Camp Merritt was reached in the afternoon, and after a sojourn of five days, the Unit proceeded to Camp Devens, where the final paper work was com- pleted and the men mustered out on May 2. Thus ended the official existence of Base Hospital Forty-four. Through sunshine and shadow, pleasures and hardships, dangers and discouragements, hopes and fears, the men had lived and worked 42 BOSTON UNIVERSITY in the closest intimacy. Enduring friendships had been formed, unchangeable records of good and bad — mostly good — had been completed; characters had been moulded; indelible impressions of men and methods had been registered; five had made the supreme sacrifice. Through all the feelings of joy and thankfulness that the end had come, the anticipations of the future, and the satisfaction of realizing that the duty had been well performed, there ran a sensation of regret that these associations were ended, and that there never again would be a complete assemblage of those who had comprised the personnel of United States Army Base Hospital Forty-four. THE AMERICAN RED CROSS Mary Katharine Taylor [Miss Mary Katharine Taylor is a graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University, '10. She served in the Red Cross as Casualty Searcher and Home Service representative at Base Hospital 31, Contrexeville, France. In Feb- ruary, 1919, she was transferred to Evacuation Hospital Number 9, Coblenz, Germany. Returning to this country in the summer of 1919, she was assigned to Red Cross work at Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.] "Sincerely yours^ Mary K. Taylor^ Home Communication Service, American Red Cross" AS I write these words there lies before me a folder containing ' carbons of about two hundred letters signed "Sincerely yours, Mary K. Taylor, American Red Cross," and four worn notebooks full of strange little scribbles. I turn at random to a page and read: "Bed 31, Ward E-2, wants razor blades." "New man in end bed, surgical 3, wants letter written. Urgent." "Ask Red Cross Captain whether to give writing-paper to wounded Germans." "Nurse in pneumonia ward wants Blackjack gum." "Tell Major Black New Orleans Red Cross has just cabled that his wife is dead." "Y. M. C. A. man in officers' ward wants long distance call sent to Colombey to find out whether doctor at Field Hospital knows where his trousers are." "John McCarthy's last words: 'Tell mother the weather is fine, and I will be home soon.' " And so they go — each hasty little note a story in itself. WAR RECORD 43 As I glance them over I see again the wards of Base Hospital 31, and recall the thrilling days of the Argonne drive. One surgical ward comes especially to my mind, where the boys lay day after day, their arms or legs suspended in splints, and the air blue with the smoke of Piedmonts (no "Camels" to be had!) that they smoked through the weary hours. And I hear again the cheerful yell, "Hey, Red Cross, roll me a cigarette?" greeted with mirth by the veterans who were present the day I tried to roll a cigarette for a boy who had both arms in splints. What happened? Well — try it, ladies. And when you get it carefully rolled, even if it is a little bit humpy, dodge the ropes of the hanging splints and lean very gently over the man so that he can "lick" it himself. And then let your hand shake a little bit from excitement and amusement, and something else (for you have just noticed that there is a screen around the corner bed, and you know that the plucky little seventeen- year-old with the amputated leg is going West). Try it, I say, and you will know why Surgical 3 laughed. And I can feel again the hush of the pneumonia ward, where the nurses and orderlies moved quietly around, clad in white gowns and strange masks with tiny holes for their eyes. They seemed like the embodied delirium of the fevered patients. The large appa- rition in the center of the room was the ward surgeon. Instead of a gown he wore an old-fashioned night shirt over his uniform, and when he moved his fat puttees gleamed cheerfully through the slits in the side. Here I tiptoed from bed to bed, hesitating some- times to speak the word that would call a dying boy back from his dream-world to the world of pain, yet knowing that his "Write mother not to worry and give her my love" would be the most precious message one could send a sorrowing mother. But it was n't all sad! For days before Christmas the wards were strewn with bright tissue paper and tinsel, and the boys made decorations and paper dolls for the Christmas tree that I had planned for the French children of the village. Big, clumsy boys from the mountains of Virginia became expert with the paste and water-colors, and sometimes the nurse smiled and took the scissors from reluctant fingers, after she had looked at the thermometers. Christmas morning, just as they used to do at home, they reached out first of all for the presents beside their beds — a Red Cross bag full of candy and little gifts, with a message from some loyal American woman who may never know how much her work 44 BOSTON UNIVERSITY was appreciated, and new socks filled with nuts. Then, boylike, they began "swapping" gifts. The cheerful young voices ring out in genuine mirth. "My sweater is from Texas — any of you guys get one from Iowa? I want to swap!" And further down the row a jolly little Irish boy who has lost a leg calls merrily to a neighbor, "Hey, cripple, want to swap your shaving cream for one of these yere shoe laces? I guess we only rate one apiece!" They will never forget the tiny three-year-old girl whom I brought in to thank them for their paper dolls. She stood on a chair and sang in her sweet baby voice: "Eet 's a Ion', Ion' gway to Teeper^rree, But my heart zright zhere!" Then she sang the "Marseillaise," and waved a little American flag. When the boys clapped and shouted, she hesitated a moment whether to laugh or cry, and then, with a charming little French gesture, she kissed her hand, and hid behind me. But she was only coquetting, for she was n't a bit shy as I lifted her up to shake hands with each boy. Some of the big mountain men just looked at the tiny hand in theirs and turned their heads on the pillows; but I think the baby understood. But here I 've been seeing pictures, instead of giving an expert account of the work of a Red Cross Searcher! The editor of the War Volume will be reaching for his waste-basket, and I should redeem myself by becoming serious at once. Yet somehow it all comes back to me in pictures, and if I can make him see them per- haps he will understand. "Searching" just means trying to find out from each man the exact facts concerning the killed or missing in his company. The picture that comes to mind is very clear, — serious, interested faces bending over a map while some one points out the town nearest to the spot where the shell burst "just as we were coming out of the dugout." "Oh, yes, I saw it happen — he was my buddy, and we were always together." And the story is told with awful sim- plicity by a boy into whose eyes creeps the look that one sees only in the eyes of those who have seen unforgettable things. "Answering hospital inquiries" was another duty the thought of which brings back the registrar's office at night — blinds tightly closed, for fear of air raids, and noisy typewriters pounding out the new lists of wounded. I search through thousands of cards in the files, looking to see if any of the hundreds of names on the WAR RECORD 45 daily list sent out by the Red Cross are among the hospital records. These names all represent anguished appeals to the Red Cross for news of men who have been reported wounded or killed. As I work, two men beside me are keeping up a noisy fire of arrant nonsense — but I join in now and then, for I know they are joking to keep up their spirits as they inventory the pathetic little keepsakes of the boys who have gone West that day. I search through three big files of names — "Active," "Transferred," or "Returned to Duty." And now and then I take out a card which reads, "Final disposi- tion — Death," and put it reverently back in the file that army regulations with unconscious felicity have decreed for it — among those who have "Returned to Duty." Space is too brief for me to share the stories which the letters in my folder tell, each giving to sorrowing ones at home details of death and burial that they would otherwise never know. As I glance through my accounts of the military funerals I see again the little cemetery facing the West, on the slope of the lovely hill- side behind the village church. As the flag-draped coffins are carried through the gate, two little French girls lay beside the wreath I place there bouquets of moss and everlasting, tied with the tricolors. When the firing-squad has fired the last volley, and "taps" has echoed back, they turn to me with some puzzled question: "One plays good night so that the dead will sleep, n'est-ce pas?" Then, childlike, they run to pick up the empty cartridges, and make faces as they pass the enclosure where the "mauvais Boches" are buried. But they never forget to kneel and say a little prayer before they go, sometimes at the grave of the "grand sergeant" who had been a favorite with the village children, sometimes at the grave of "I'infirmiere Americaine," to whose funeral half the countryside brought armfuls of roses. As time goes on they will forget to make faces at the Boches, but they will never forget to say their little prayer for the souls of the brave American boys who sleep so far from home. The rows on rows of simple white crosses will be a mute reminder of America's service, and the children of France will tend with loving hands the graves of those who rest in foreign soil, but under the same stars that watch over France and America. 46 BOSTON UNIVERSITY L'CEUVRE DES PETITS BLESSfiS The First Boston University War Charity Frances B. S. Waxman W ' [Mrs. Frances B. S. Waxman, wife of Dr. Samuel M. Waxman, Assistant Pro- fessor of Romance Languages in the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University, is American chairman of L'CEuvre des Petits Blesses.] TO the Cercle Frangais of Boston University belongs the credit and the honor of having been the first of the college organizations to interest itself in war relief work. The history of the Paris charity, for which the members of the Cercle are patrons, parallels closely the course of the Great War. Begun in the fall of 1914, under the direction of L' Union des Femmes de France, the work consisted during the first winter of the war in sending supplies to the sorely- tried field hospitals in France. Two French ladies. Miles. Guillier and Aguais, offered their pension, at 21 rue Valette, Paris, as a dis- tributing base for this work. The money which supported the charity was contributed largely by persons who had at various times stopped at the pension and who had therefore a personal interest in any war activity directed by the ladies at its head. Acting as their representatives were Miss May Guinness, of Dublin, who for- warded to Paris the money collected in England and Ireland, and Mrs. Samuel M. Waxman, of Cambridge, who was chairman of the informal committee directing the collections in this country. By the end of the first winter of the war, the task of supplying the field hospitals had become organized on a large scale under the governments of the different warring nations, helped by many large and well-patronized societies both here and in Europe. The ladies of the house in the rue Valette decided, therefore, that their house could increase its usefulness by becoming a convalescent shelter, still distributing hospital supplies and clothing, as contri- butions of these things were sent them from the committee in the United States. Accordingly, in April, 1915, Miles. Guillier and Aguais established a convalescent service at their house with the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars raised by the students of the French Cercle at a memorable performance of "Le Voyage de M. Perrichon." The new branch of the charity became known as L'CEuvre des Petits Blesses, and the soldiers who enjoyed its hospitality were sent there by an organization connected with the Ministry of War, L' Assistance aux Convalescents Militaires, with headquarters at 202 Boulevard Saint Germain, Paris. The house at 21 rue Valette WAR RECORD 47 is one of the semi-private establishments to which the Assistance was glad to send its men in order to provide some home life for them. The ladies asked to have sent them men who were really homeless, those principally" from the occupied districts of France and from the colonies, too far from their homes to pass their leaves with their families. Convalescents from all the horrible consequences of war have been sheltered by the oeuvre. They have stayed for visits of varying lengths, from a few days to four or five weeks. During the winter of the armistice leaves were extended and the men given small jobs of outside work in order to accustom them again to civil life after five years of war. The small sum of money which started this work was added to from time to time through the kindly cooperation of a group of French teachers in the private schools of Boston and by contribu- tions from the friends of the ladies at its head. In May, 1915, a number of the private schools of Boston combined, and under the supervision of their French teachers gave a very beautiful and successful Fete Champetre in the grounds of the Misses Cushman's school at Chestnut Hill, by which nearly $700 was raised. A booth at the Allied Bazaar, arranged by Mrs. Waxman, brought in $600. Then there have been liberal donations from time to time from private individuals, while the yearly entertainments of the Cercle Frangais have always added something to the fund. After the entry of the United States into the war, other groups of the college inter- ested themselves in the CEuvre, and by the end of the college year of 1918 they had contributed nearly $500 to its support. The Women Graduates' Club donated the sum of $150, part of the proceeds of their Authors' Readings; the Girls' Glee Club and the Gamma Delta Society each sent to France the money raised at their entertainments; the Faculty Ladies' Club contributed the surplus left in their treasury at the end of the college year; and the class of 1918 of the College of Business Administration generously decided to eliminate their senior reception and devote the money it would have cost to the CEuvre des Petits Blesses. The faculty of the College of Business Administration added $25 to the $100 voted by the class, thus insuring an additional month of usefulness to the little charity. Since the CEuvre could never at any time count on much money ahead, Mile. Guillier wisely decided to keep her family of soldiers small. Her official quota was three men per day, but that number 48 BOSTON UNIVERSITY varied somewhat, depending on the number of men on leave arriving in Paris at a time. Usually when the time of leaves overlapped, there were five and six members of the little soldier family in the rue Valett€. It was estimated that the cost of caring for these men was about one hundred dollars a month, although as food became scarcer and more costly in Paris this sum had to be increased, and that, too, just at the time when contributions over here became fewer, owing to the many new demands made by the American war activ- ities upon generous people. Mile. Guillier has kept a scrupulous record of her work and of its expenditures, and in order to have its history preserved over here she has sent to the French Cercle photographs of the men who have enjoyed their hospitality and a word of thanks from each of them. These records have been care- fully guarded, and they will be preserved in order that future genera- tions of Boston University students may know just what part those of to-day took in the Great War. The members of the organization whose initiative founded the CEuvre were given credit in France for their efforts by having the charity for which they are patrons classi- fied in the French war records as "Fondation du Cercle Frangais de rUniversite de Boston." The work of demobilization having begun in France during the winter of the armistice, and the funds of the CEuvre having been nearly exhausted. Mile. Guillier was obliged by February to cease regularly receiving soldiers in her pension. She continued through the spring of 1919 her aid to the wards of the CEuvre — those who on demo- bilization were most in need of material help. The task of rehabil- itation in France, particularly for the men of the devastated areas, is so enormous that the trifling gifts the CEuvre's funds can make to the brave men of France who have lost everything by the war are a mere drop in the bucket. Nevertheless, they are as grateful for this help, and the sympathy and understanding that go with it, as if the gifts really measured up to their needs. No doubt the French Government's reimbursements to these people, and the benevolence of some of the larger and more influential charities, will finally help them all to build up a semblance of their former lives once more. Meanwhile, although the Cercle Frangais cannot again count on sending to France any such sums of money as the vivid years of the war made available for their work, they mean to keep in touch with some of their beneficiaries in order that they may feel them- selves really a French society with a worthy Raison d'Etre. They WAR RECORD 49 are planning next year to use whatever money they may raise by their entertainments to help in the education of two little boys whose father was killed in the early days of the war. They hope to establish for the children a permanent fund which will be available for their needs as they grow up, thus doing a bit of reconstruction work of their own which will help them keep in personal touch with the country whose language and literature they are learning and whose high political ideals are shared by our own sister republic. Appended are two documents which are pertinent to a history of the CEuvre. One is a letter testifying to its usefulness, and the other is a report of its gifts and expenses, printed in France and sent to the contributors in this country by Mile. Guillier. Paris, 14 Novembre, 1918. Je viens au nom de I'Assistance aux Convalescents Militaires, attester que votre formation est rattachee depuis 1915 a notre (Euvre, et que vous n'avez cesse d'y hospitaliser des militaires permissionaires, ce que nous a rendu les plus grands services. Je viens en meme temps vous temoigner toute ma reconnaissance ainsi qu' au "Cercle des Etudiants de Boston University" et a Madame Waxman. Veuillez agreer. Mademoiselle, I'assurance de mes sentiments distingues et devoues. Le Delegue Regionale du Gouvernement Militaire de Parisy L. Delacourty (EuvRE DU Cercle Francais de Boston Universite et de nos Amis en Amerique, dite "(Euvre des Petits Blesses" L'CEuvre a regu en dons, du 15 avril 1915 a fin Janvier 1919, la somme de 25.904 fr. SS. L'CEuvre a heberge, du 15 avril 1915 a fin Janvier 1919, 384 militaires, convalescents ou permissionnaires, donnant un total de 3672 journees d'hebergement. EUe leur a egalement fait parvenir des Colis de vivres et de vetements chauds. L'CEuvre continue a entretenir une correspondance avec les militaires des regions envahies afin de rester en relation avec eux, de les soutenir par un reconfort moral et de venir en aide aux families nombreuses eprouvees. 50 BOSTON UNIVERSITY YOUNG AMERICA AT CHATEAU-THIERRY In War, 1918; in Peace, 1919 President L. H. Murlin "^ I ^HE best way to visit the battlefields of France" is the com- -■- mercial appeal now being made by tourist agencies to the interested and curious. It is a thousand pities that these sacred fields must be subjected to the gaze of the blase, the mawkish, or the curious; it would seem an insult to the boys who fought there and gave their lives for world freedom that these battlefields should now become the prey and pastime of the tourist and the jaded globe-trotter. The historian should go; the artist should be given free access; the poet should be allowed to move freely where McCrae wrote: "In Flanders fields where poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row," and fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, relatives, and sweethearts should be found there in large numbers to plant flowers on the graves of loved ones, to water those flowers with their tears, and to recon- secrate the soil with their own sweet devotion. But to allow the exploiter, the blase, the curious, to desecrate this soil — never! That first week of June, 1918, was a glorious one for France, for America, for the world. Marshal Foch's movement on July 18 — six weeks later — started the oncoming wave which engulfed and destroyed Prussianism; but that wave would probably have not been possible but for the valor of our marines and other American troops in this first battle at Chtteau-Thierry. The Germans were making their supreme effort in their last big drive for Paris; they had broken through the supposedly impregnable position of the British at Chemin-des-Dames; day by day they crept nearer and nearer to Paris, from which they were less than forty miles, while some of their outriders touched the rim of the metropolis within seven miles of the Champs Elysees. • "We felt in our faces the very breath of the beast," said a prominent Frenchman. In the midst of an apparently hopeless situation, with its corre- sponding gloom and depression, from which there seemed no relief, there suddenly flashed the lightning of a new sword, in hands unused to war, but ever ready as were the knights of old to enter the lists — a sword which had never been drawn except for freedom, truth, and justice; a sword which had never known defeat! A division of marines and other American troops was rushed forward as a desper- WAR RECORD 51 ate measure to try to stop the gap where flesh and blood, though animated by French heroism, seemed incapable of further resist- ance. Neither trained nor equipped for such work, they dashed across France, driving, hiking, scrambling; in trucks, cattle cars, by every conceivable kind of conveyance. For days they had little food and less sleep. When they arrived the tide was running so strongly against the Allies that the French command not only advised but actually ordered them to retire; but these Yankee lads and their brave general would not hear of it. They dashed for the foe with little care for regulation battle order. Burning with hot indignation at the outrages of the Hun, eager to give expression to that indignation and to show a skeptical Old World what the New could do, they stormed ahead right through French divisions coming back from the front, yelling like wild Indians, ardent, vibrant, irresistible! The returning French called out as they passed: "Don't go there; in that direction are the Boches with their machine guns!" But our boys shouted back: "That 's where we want to go; we 've come three thousand miles to meet the Boche!" They threw themselves upon the victory-flushed Huns, to whom this unconventional kind of fighting was a complete, discon- certing, and overwhelming surprise. They fought like demons and stopped the Hun, starting the Allied victory on its march, never to stop until Armistice Day. The French knew to their unspeakable delight that a new force had joined theirs which spelled victory; and the Huns knew to their unspeakable dismay that a new factor had been added to the opposition that made defeat inevitable. A year after this glorious week we were there to see what another group of young Americans is doing in completing the work of our boys. We had motored through the Soissons-Rheims-Verdun-Ar- gonne battle areas, winding up at Chateau-Thierry. Everywhere is most frightful desolation. The once fair and fertile fields of France have become dreary wastes, torn and distraught, buried in heaps on heaps of ruins. As far as the eye can see on either side of miles and miles of road, there is not a whole living tree, an acre of tillable soil, an unwrecked human habitation, nor an undemolished church, where but recently were happy homes, peaceful villages, quiet gar- dens, abundant harvests, and worshiping congregations. But that is not the worst: these outward and physical conditions are expres- sions of a more grave inner and spiritual danger — intellectual 52 BOSTON UNIVERSITY despair, social ruin, and spiritual barrenness, a condition sure to drive to madness the refugees returning home. Home? Well, it is all they have: ashes, dust, dirt, and debris of their former life — and nothing else! Nothing to eat, little to wear, no kitchen utensils, no household furniture, no tools, no farming implements, no seed- corn for the next planting! Nothing! Nothing but drab desolation, the remains of deadly destruction! Broken in body, broken in fortunes, broken in families, broken in social fellowships, broken in religious consolations, broken in spirit — broken in heart! This faintly suggests the problem of our workers there, in restoring the morale of these people. 1 would not detract one iota from the imperishable glory that belongs to our boys who here turned the tide of battle against the brutal Hun. But this very winter our group of workers is facing at ChS,teau-Thierry a more fatal and subtle enemy who will crush out the spirit and life of this people. There is an appealing call for help in rebuilding homes, villages, and towns, in starting industries, and opening schools and churches. Let us be glad that that work is already beginning in a small way. But it must be very slow. The immediate, most difficult, -and most important problem is that of sustaining the morale of these people in the meantime, particularly this winter. Something must be done to reawaken their hopes, to stir their ambitions, to arouse their benumbed spirits, to start their personal lives again. As matters now stand- they move about as wooden automatons, in a hopeless, dumb, lifeless way. To awaken them to manly action, to bring them back to something of their former selves, is a far more difficult task than to do battle, however nobly and bravely done; to do this work requires warm sympathies, trained minds, rare skill, consummate tact, unfailing endurance, and monumental patience; and the men and women who are per- forming this rare service deserve our lasting gratitude. There is no end of good impulses and good intentions on the part of the American people. But will it all end in good intentions and "surveys"? At last accounts eighty-five American commissions had been in France "to make a survey" and to report to some home philanthropic body; in the meantime these people are freezing to death or starving, while the home societies will probably have spent their funds on "commissions" and "surveys." The French are get- ting pretty tired of being "surveyed" by "commissions." What they want is bread and clothing, but more, even, love and comradeship. WAR RECORD 53 I am pleased to report that our people are there with the goods! We have opened orphanages, agricultural schools, and model farms; of these I have not space here to speak. I wish to give you a little detail of one fraction of what we are doing in France, at Chiteau- Thierry. The French Government has assigned to us thirty-two villages along the Marne covering a distance of twenty-five miles, with Chateau-Thierry in the center. They are described in Mildred Aldrich's book, "A Hilltop on the Marne." Just above our villages are the three villages assigned to the unit from Wellesley College. We attended a conference of our workers in these villages. From the railroad station one walks up "President Wilson Avenue" to "United States Square," where, at Number 4, is the property we have purchased, an old stone mansion — lately a hotel — with twenty-five rooms built around a large court, with lounging rooms, offices, etc., on the ground floor, and a big fireplace at one side. It is only a stone's throw from the bridge where our boys first met the Germans; it is less than one hundred yards from the spot where the first American boy fell. Does not the heart thrill ? These boys stood in the struggle for world liberty where our men of Lexington and Concord stood for American freedom. Here, then, in sight of these inspiring memories, is the setting of our fine home for our workers in these villages. They are supplied with automobiles so that they can spend the day out among the people in the villages and come back to headquarters at night for. rest, refreshment, and recupera- tion. Such work is a heavy drain upon the physical and nervous forces; it requires a lot of encouragement and good cheer to sustain oneself amid the hard service which these trained workers are render- ing; this "Central Foyer" provides such a refuge. In the villages our workers are provided with tents, huts, or halls, as a Community Center — and a real Community Center it is. There is not a store, school, church, assembly room, not even a corner grocery in any of these villages; this Community Center seeks to provide everything for these people as a community. Every day the women come to this center to plan for the simplest house- hold necessities; our workers help them; materials are provided at a price adapted to the purse — perhaps these workers have a com- munity sewing machine, or baking oven, or washboard. A survey has been made so that the physical, economic, mental, moral, and social status of every one in the village is known and the price of all articles is adapted to the purse. Once a week "sales" are held when 54 BOSTON UNIVERSITY household supplies are offered. These have been purchased in large quantities from the disbanding armies, the Red Cross establish- ments, Young Men's Christian Association, the Knights of Colum- bus, etc., and in some cases the Food Administration has helped; by the aid of gifts from Americans other goods were bought from the manufacturers. If there is any profit it is spent in providing some- thing of special helpfulness and value to the village as a whole. The older boys and girls are taught games and are also trained to lead the younger children. During five years of Hun occupation their fathers and brothers were murdered, their mothers and sisters endured the horror and terror of Hunnish lust; five years of the fears and frights of war and of Hun occupation have been theirs — and the shadow of it is still with them. You may well believe, there- fore, that they have known little of happiness. Life has been a con- tinuous nightmare, and nearly a million of them and their mothers have perished under war strain. It is into these lives our workers are trying to put a little of sunshine, hope, good cheer, and com- panionship. Then, too, the fathers must have attention. Five years of soldier life have unfitted them for the ordinary duties of domestic and civic life. War is reversion to savagery, and arouses the brutal passions and animal instincts. Besides, the soldier is apt to think that he has done his duty to his country, his community — and often, even, to his family; he thinks, now, that these should take care of him; whereas his country, community, and family never needed him so much as now. Something must be done, and that quickly, to per- suade him to find his place in the current economic life; to perform his duty there just as faithfully as he did in the war. He does not, as yet, appreciate the fact that now he must be a soldier in peace, fighting the enemies of the ordinary run of life; that to be a slacker in the economic life of peace time is just as big a piece of treachery and disloyalty as to be a slacker in time of war when fighting the Hun. For this reason the soldiers need much special attention; they must be brought together and ways and means tactfully suggested, discussed, approved, and organized to get them at work for the betterment of their respective communities. I have said all this to lead you up to an appreciation of the greatness of the work these young people are doing; and that you may appreciate the qualities of mind and heart which must be theirs. They are, for the most part, university graduates, who, in WAR RECORD 55 addition to their university training, have had special training in social service, and have had considerable practical field experience. To illustrate: one is a university graduate in both America and England, with special training in social work; she was for seventeen months director of a foyer at the front. She was attached to the 7th Division of the French Army conducting a roadside canteen; three times her canteen was destroyed but she worked on; received a Croix de Guerre with three citations from the French Army. The conference which we attended lasted for two hours. These workers gave reports of what they had been doing the past week; their plans were discussed and a program agreed upon — supplies, parties, community meetings, sales, etc., for the week to come. Here is a brief extract from one report. This is typical of what these twelve workers were doing in these thirty villages: "Not a single habitable house remained in Vaux; not a piece of furniture, just great piles of lime and stone, with a few walls looming up to remind us of what had once been a village. Those fortunate enough to have three walls — four seem almost wasteful — have put on temporary roofing. "Their need is great. They have nothing absolutely iut their crushed spirits; but they seem anxious to emerge into something brighter, and they greet us as if through us they see a ray of hope that something better is coming to them. Sorrow, loss, and neglect have not killed them. They have it in them to survive. People who develop amid such a clutter, and are good and at times happy, are a wonderful people." I consider that the work being done by these young people is as worthy of commendation, sympathy, and support as the work of our boys in resisting the Hun and driving him out of this region. An enemy even more terrible than the Hun is now lurking in these villages along the Marne. He represents cold, hunger, destitution far beyond the most gifted imagination to picture, and a sense of utter helplessness and of general breakdown impossible to endure alone. It is the part of these dozen workers to do for the rehabili- tation of the life of the spirit of the people in this brief sector along the Marne what our boys did for the world by their fighting at the bridge across the Marne at Chclteau-Thierry. To inspire these dozen workers there is no longer the huge impact of a great war carried on under the eyes of the whole world. If looked at as work alone it is the dullest monotony and the dreariest kind of drudgery; unknown, unseen, unsung by the world at large. Not one of them but could easily find pleasant positions in America at comfortable 56 BOSTON UNIVERSITY salaries. But they are working for small pay and are giving all their time and strength and talent to this work, denying themselves not only comforts but sometimes necessities in order to aid these people. Of course you are not surprised that a happier company of people cannot be found anywhere. Their names ought to be inscribed on rolls of honor; they should be awarded medals of peace, for the battles of peace are far more difficult to fight than the battles of war. Wars do not end with the signing of armistices nor are the aims of war gained through victories in battle. The Allies won the war, but it is not at all certain that they have won the peace — in the sense that they are securing the aims of the war, namely, to "make the world safe for democracy." The democratic hope of Europe is represented in almost forty republics which were organized in Europe during the first armistice year. Their fate is trembling in the balance at this hour. Europe faces monarchism or bolshevism if these republics fail. We have left them practically alone to begin this new and great experiment in government, unskilled and un- trained in such endeavors, and beginning it under the most difficult economic situation that the human race has ever known. They are bitterly opposed, on the one hand, by the autocracy of monarchism, and on the other by the still more merciless and relentless autocracy of bolshevism. The frightful collapse that comes upon human beings after superhuman endeavor has come upon these peoples in Europe after five years of war strain. They needed us fully as much — per- haps even more — during the first year or two after the armistice as they did in the last year of the fighting. If, in ten thousand cen- ters all over Europe, particularly in these new republics, we could have had groups of workers like these at Chateau-Thierry inspiring the morale of the people, helping them to organize their domestic and civic life, and if, in addition, we could have sent them helpers to organize their industries and transportation, and had extended to them credit so they could start their industrial and commercial activities, and if we could have kept our food administration going, supplying them with the necessities of food and clothing — if all these humane activities could have been carried on with the Knights of Columbus, the Y. M. C. A., the Red Cross, in full swing, as during the last year of the war, we should be facing a different Europe to- day. We should be quite as willing to be as active and generous in supporting constructive reconstruction endeavors in times of peace as we were in promoting destructive endeavor in times of war. WAR RECORD 57 AFTER THE ARMISTICE Heber R. Harper [Heber R. Harper, A.B., S.T.B., is Assistant Professor of Hebrew and Greek in the School of Theology of Boston University.] THE armistice had come with stunning suddenness. After months of all-consuming activity and intensity came the collapse, and then unendurable inactivity. With its great motive gone, and the enforced idleness of long, long days, the morale of the A. E. F. was in striking contrast to the morale of its fighting days. The moods and activities of the doughboy during his long sojourn in Europe after the armistice were quite different from the moods and activities of his fighting days. In the first place, he had a desperate case of homesickness. During the war a prominent speaker, who lisps a little, said: "I found three thingth characterithtic of all our boyth wherever I thaw them in Franth. In the firth plathe they were alwayth hun- gry, in the thecond plathe they were alwayth broke, and in the third plathe no matter where they were they withed they were thomewhere elthe." Certainly the third thing was characteristic of every doughboy during the after-the-armistice period, and there was absolute unanimity as to the whereabouts of that other place. It was "God's Country" that was wanted — Home! The A. E. F. had the worst case of homesickness ever known — and the biggest. They were homesick for home food, for thin china and white table- cloths, for white sheets, for the front porch and a rocking-chair, and above all for their own folks. Van Dyke spoke for every dough- boy when he wrote: " 'T is fine to see the Old World and to travel up and down Among the famous palaces and cities of renown, — To admire the crumbly castles and the statues of the kings, — But now I think I 've had enough of antiquated things. So it 's home again and home again, America for me; My heart is turning home again and there I long to be In the land of youth and freedom beyond the ocean bars, Where the air is full of sunlight and the flag is full of stars." Many activities were promoted or supported by the army during this period of comparative idleness, designed among other things to combat this homesickness. By far the most significant of these activities was the educational program of the A. E. F. Over two hundred thousand doughboys attended the army schools. Of this number approximately twenty thousand did 58 BOSTON UNIVERSITY college or university work. About two thousand men went to British universities, and over eight thousand were in French univer- sities,— the Sorbonne, Grenoble, Lyon, Besangon, and others. At the beautiful little French town of Beaune, Cote d'Or, the army utilized the buildings that had been erected for one of the two largest American hospitals in which to set up its own university. This A. E. F. University comprised eleven different colleges and had a total enrolment of over eight thousand students. Dr. Flewelling, a graduate of Boston University, had charge of the Department of Philosophy in the Liberal Arts School. At the town of Allerey, four or five kilometers from Beaune, was a splendid school of agri- culture with over two thousand students. The resourcefulness of the doughboy was demonstrated in his school activities as well as in his fighting. There were almost innu- merable obstacles to be overcome in order to get things under way. One of the chief difficulties was the securing of text-books. A member of the Educational Commission, Dr. Erskine, of Columbia Univer- sity, was sent to America to place an order for one million five hundred thousand dollars' worth of text-books. He found that the War Industries Board had placed a ban on the manufacture of text-books and white paper. Getting the ban lifted meant delay. Many of the classes, therefore, had to be started with no books, or at best with a very limited number. But doughboy resourceful- ness, and determination not to be defeated, easily got around this situation. A private, for example, secured as an instructor in Greek, was confronted with this handicap: this young Rhodes Scholar, who had left Oxford to enlist in France, was teaching a class in advanced Greek, while his captain had the beginning class! The only text he had for both classes was a French edition of the seventh book of Plato's "Republic," which he had kicked up out of the ruins at Verdun. With this text alone to aid his memory he had compiled all the conjugations, declensions, vocabularies, and exercises for the captain's beginning class, and the lexicon, grammar exercises, etc., for his advanced class. This was only one of many proofs that Yankee fighting spirit did not die with the signing of the armistice. In France the doughboy was quietly going to school to learn better how to live and how to work. In Germany he had others learning how to live by attending his school — the great School of Democracy. He was the instructor, and those of the occupied WAR RECORD 59 territory were his pupils. For as an American Democracy had turned out a fighter that surprised the world, she also turned out a conqueror who was a splendid vindication of the principles for which he had fought. In Germany he was a living lesson in democ- racy to those whose land he was occupying. There was nothing of the swashbuckling, overbearing, arrogant spirit in this conqueror. He simply could not play that role because it was foreign to his nature. He was democratic because he was to the manner born. In the eyes of some of our professional military men he was too democratic. But whatever weaknesses his fraternizing tendencies may have had, they were more than counterbalanced by the quiet lessons he was giving in democracy — lessons that were by no means lost on his friend the enemy. All the lessons, however, were not passively given. Every day an American outfit paraded the streets of Coblenz with the Amer- ican flag flying to remind an otherwise uninvaded people that autocracy was crushed and that democracy was triumphant. Many a portly German burgher learned for the first time, by the sweep of a doughboy's arm, that hats off was the rule when the flag went by or when the "Star Spangled Banner" was played. At Coblenz, too, the Stars and Stripes floated constantly over Ehrenbreitstein, Germany's greatest fortress — her Gibraltar of the Rhine. No American ever viewed that sight for the first time without a wonderful thrill and a wild desire to shout. No German could look at that from day to day without catching something of its significance. There were some unfortunate exceptions to the doughboy's general democratic bearing and deportment, but so few that it can truthfully be said that no more magnanimous or manly conqueror ever occupied an enemy's country. The doughboy's last notable appearance as part of the A. E. F. was in the Allies' great victory pageant on July 14, 1919. There has been no pageant in all history to compare with this one when the victorious hosts of the armies of the free peoples of the world marched under the Arc de Triomphe. Paris worked feverishly for ten days to be properly decorated for the great event. The Champs d' Elysees was a blaze of color. Bunting, pennants of the Allied flags, and thousands of electric lights were strung the entire length of the Avenue, hung from Venetian poles. From double square columns, surmounted by winged balls, hung shields with figures symbolic of the great battles of the war. 60 BOSTON UNIVERSITY The most unique decoration was two great heaps of captured German cannon, one on either side of the Avenue. These had formerly stretched the entire length of this renowned thoroughfare. Now they had been scooped up and flung together as a mass of scrap — two junk heaps. Their appearance well reflected the con- tempt with which the Allies regarded the "Might" doctrine for which they had stood. On one heap was the Cock of France, with head lowered and feathers ruffled, standing on a ball marked "1914," and entitled, "Le Coq se defend." On the other heap the Cock, with head erect and proud in bearing, on the ball marked "1918," was entitled, "Le Coq Chant." Enormous crowds flocked to Paris for the parade. All the night before a tremendous throng jammed the avenues and danced and sang along the boulevards. By midnight the Champs d' Elysee was lined with people five rows deep who had located themselves with blankets and with something to eat for petit dejeuner the following morning. After establishing friendly relations with a poilu who was on guard at the Arch, one observer placed himself within the circle surrounding the Arch itself and slept all night under some German cannon that were being frowned down upon by the figure of Napo- leon. About four o'clock in the morning workmen began to roll from under the Arch the great Cenotaph to the Dead, past which millions had filed the night before to drop a flower and a tear in grateful remembrance of those who had made this day possible. The sun rose beautiful and clear, ushering in a perfect day. The crowd was being tremendously augmented. The roofs of all the surrounding buildings were black with people. The observer had taken a position about twenty feet in front of the Arch, so as to see the world's great warriors and their great chiefs just as they passed through that structure which, more than any other could possibly do, symbolized their great victory and the winning of free- dom for the world. From the Avenue de la Grande Armee were heard the trumpeters of the famous French Garde Republicaine as they flared forth the strains of the "Marseillaise" in blasts that it seemed could be heard around the world. The first to pass under the Arch were the blind and wounded. With streaming eyes the spectators showered them with flowers and with cries of "Merci! Merci!!" Then came Jofire and Foch riding together. The cheering of the throng was (Photograph. by Notman, Boston) CAPTAIN S T A R K E Y Y . B )^ I T T WAR RECORD 61 deafening. They seemed to be borne along by a never-faltering wave of acclamation from the grateful-hearted multitude. The first troops to pass through were our own boys. Following the striking figure of their leader they marched in marvelous form. Some one said, "No Americans ever marched like that before." And it was true. Their lines were perfect, and each man as erect as though supported by an invisible steel rod. They were unanimously proclaimed as having exhibited the finest form in the parade. Following the Yanks came the Belgians, then the British. All the Allies of France received the fullest-hearted expressions of affection and admiration. Italians, Japanese, Greeks, Poles, Portuguese, Roumanians, Serbs, Czecho-Slovaks — for all, it seemed, was given the greatest possible demonstration. But when France's own poilus appeared there went up a thunder of cheers and cries of "Merci aux Poilus" that reached the skies. France was paying homage to her own sons, the saviors of France and of the world. It was the homage of undying love, gratitude, and devotion, and it was gloriously and worthily rendered. It was a fitting climax to see the doughboy for the last time in this pageant of unrivaled splendor and significance, joined with those with whom he had shared the mud and the blood, the loneliness and pain, the wounds and death, that had made possible this hour of glory and of triumph. MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY IN THE WORLD WAR Students' Army Training Corps Sharkey Y. Britt [Captain Starkey Y. Britt, Commandant of the Students' Army Training Corps, was retired from active service in the United States Army a few years before the World War on account of disa-bility incurred in line of duty, but had been on active duty since the beginning of the war.] ON April 6, 1917, our Congress declared that "war existed be- tween Germany and the United States of America." From that day we, the people of the United States, were a party to the greatest conflict that ever engaged the attention of mankind. The war had been in progress since the first week in August, 1914, between the principal nations of Europe, but we had, by the exercise of much forbearance and patience under sore provocation, been spared active participation on the field of battle. 62 BOSTON UNIVERSITY War is not a thing to be desired by any sane person. Its methods are so drastic, its results so dreadful and far-reaching, that it should be, and generally is, the last resort of any really civilized and humane people. We had suffered indignities and many invasions of our rights at the hands of the Central Powers of Europe, until patience had ceased to be a virtue. The declaration of war found the United States unprepared. Both the physical and the financial forces, or powers, of the country were unorganized, except for a small regular army, which was so small that in a conflict of such magnitude as the World War it could hardly be considered as a "corporal's guard." Problems arose and multiplied with great rapidity, but the first great problem to be met was to get a sufficient force ready for imme- diate combat — a force large enough to stem the avalanche that was threatening almost every free and democratic country in Europe. The second great problem was to devise and put into operation a plan that would not only fill the gaps that might occur in the fighting line, but would enable the Government to enlarge the combat force whenever the exigencies of war might so require. The conflict was of such stupendous magnitude that it was soon evident that voluntary enlistments would never be of such numbers as to successfully meet the necessities of the second problem; accordingly, what is known as the "draft law" was enacted by the national Congress. Under this law soldiers in sufficient numbers could be drawn from among the able-bodied men of the country to meet all the numerical requirements, and the Government could get all the men it needed. There then arose another problem, as serious as any of those problems connected with the handling of men or armies in active campaign — the lack of trained officers. Leadership has been termed by some as a "gift," and it cannot be denied that some men possess this qualification largely in excess of their fellows, but in these days of high-powered weapons, leader- ship in battle is not so much a gift as it is a matter of training. Technical training is essential for the officer. The officer's word is absolute law in battle, and the officer who blunders in action may be the cause of scores of deaths among the men under his command. Again, it is a well-established truth in military as well as civil pursuits that a man must have a good general education before he can be well trained, technically, in any line of endeavor. WAR RECORD 63 In organizing the great army for service in Europe, the Govern- ment found that it could get all the men it needed, all the men it wanted; but it discovered that it was difficult to obtain a sufficient number of men educated up to the point where they could be tech- nically trained as officers. This is not surprising when we consider the relatively few men who complete a college course and the large number of officers required to handle an army of four or five millions of men. From what source could the Government get the proper material for more than a hundred and eighty thousand officers? It was evident that the larger colleges and universities of the country were the proper source of supply of officer material. Approximately five hundred of the larger institutions of learning throughout the country were requested to undertake, for the duration of the war, the basic training of their able-bodied male students along the lines that would fit them for a subsequent technical training for positions as officers in Government camps and schools. A commission was contemplated for each man who could qualify. Boston University, an old and well-known institution of learning, situated in the heart of Boston, readily responded to the Govern- ment's request, opened its doors, and placed its educational equipment and machinery at the service of not only our own people but the peoples of the world at large who were in a life-and-death struggle with autocracy. Germany and Austria had challenged the world. These auto- cratic governments had set out to enslave, or at the least to dom- inate, the world. Sacred treaties had been treated as "scraps of paper." Confronting the great popular governments of the world was the threat that no longer should they enjoy liberty and freedom, but that henceforth they should bend their necks to a yoke of arro- gance and "kultur." The World War was not of our choosing. Our Government had exhausted every means, save national honor, to avoid the conflict. Each step on our part looking to avoidance was met by the Central Powers of Europe with further aggression and encroachment on our rights. Congress, in declaring war, but gave voice to the wish of every patriotic American. As previously shown in this article, the Government had deter- mined upon the training of every able-bodied college student, this training to be given in his own college. These students were to be full soldiers in the service of the United States, to be known as 64 BOSTON UNIVERSITY the "Students' Army Training Corps." Army officers were assigned to each college and university having a corps of students in training. These officers were to train the men in military drill a certain num- ber of hours each day, and the students were at the same time re- quired to pursue their regular college studies under college professors. This system of training — a double system carried on at the same time — called for energetic work on the part of the student. Military drill and discipline became a part of the college course for the men who enlisted as members of the Students' Army Training Corps. The machinery of the colleges was placed under Government control, and notwithstanding that the Government paid the insti- tutions for their services, the change was radical and somewhat startling. But the interest of the country was put in the foremost place by our colleges and universities, and whether or not the ser- vice to the country, in training these young men, was carried on at cost or at a financial loss, Boston University did not swerve from its desire and its efforts to meet all Government requirements and give to its Students' Army Training Corps the complete training desired. A Committee on Education and Training, appointed by the War Department, and having its headquarters in Washington, had general charge of all S. A. T. C.'s, and prescribed the courses to be taught and the methods of instruction. The plans outlined by this committee were followed as closely as possible. The beginning of the fall term, 1918, was designated by the committee in Washington as the time when the training of the students for Government service in the army should begin. Army officers were detailed to educational institutions by the War Department, one or more to each institution, and ordered to report at the institution for duty before the beginning of the fall term. Captain Starkey Y. Britt, U. S. Army, retired, but again on active duty by order of the President, was detailed as Commandant at Boston University. Captain Britt was retired from active service some few years before the World War, on account of "disability incurred in line of duty," but had been on active duty since the beginning of the war. At the time of his detail to Boston University he was Commandant at the University of Minnesota, and had had several years' experience as commandant and professor of military science and tactics at military colleges. This officer belonged to the "old army," and had a record of more than twenty-four years* WAR RECORD 65 service, being a veteran of the Spanish War and the Philippine Insurrection. Captain Britt reported for duty at Boston University September 16, 1918. Twelve young officers were detailed to the Uni- versity as Captain Britt's assistants (their names appear later). These twelve young officers were upper-classmen in our larger col- leges and universities, and had won their army commissions in training camps. They were the right men in the right place, and ably discharged the duties of their position as assistants to the commandant. As fast as students matriculated and entered the University, they were physically examined by surgeons in the employ of the United States Government, and all who measured up to the army standards were enrolled as members of the Students' Army Training Corps. A few more than eight hundred were admitted to the corps to receive special training for subsequent appointment as officers. One hundred and three were naval students. Barracks and messing facilities had to be provided, and for these purposes the University secured two large garages for sleeping quarters, mess hall, and kitchen. Bedding was furnished by the Government. Students were also given the regulation army uniform, and they received the pay of the regular soldier. After examinations were completed, a general induction service was held at which all army students were formally inducted into the service of the couhtry. This service was impressive. The stu- dents stood with uplifted right hands and repeated the formal oath of induction, administered by the commandant. This oath pledged the life and the whole-hearted service of each man to his country. This general induction service was delayed for some days owing to a severe epidemic of influenza in Boston, which finally spread over the entire country. Many schools were temporarily closed, and public gatherings in nearly all the cities of the country were pro- hibited. Some few cases of influenza developed among the students, but the University was very fortunate, as only two deaths resulted. Old Boston Common — historic ground — and the Fenway were secured from the Boston city government to be used as drill grounds. Here, each day, the eight hundred men comprising the corps were given their lessons in military drill, — long, weary hours at first, — but the desire to learn was so keen in each student that drilling soon became not so much a lesson as a military review. Their bearing and discipline were spoken of most highly by visiting army officers. Many of the students seemed to feel the 66 BOSTON UNIVERSITY spirit of our forefathers, and to realize that on Boston Common they were on hallowed ground, under the very shadow of the monument that commemorates the heroic deeds of our ancestors. Popular names for divisions and regiments were general in the World War, and a movement was therefore started to assume the name of "The Bunker Hill Battalion" for the corps at Boston University; but peace, or the armistice, came so quickly that the plan was never carried out, much to the regret of the commandant. Hardly a month had been spent in training when the Government began to draw men from the corps at Boston University for training in Government camps. When the armistice was declared, the first class, consisting of about fifty men, was in Government camps. Training along all lines was being pushed rapidly when, on November 11, 1918, the armies in Europe declared an armistice. The Germans sued for this. For some time they had been so mer- cilessly beaten on every field that they foresaw complete disaster in the further prosecution of the war. To save the further sacrifice of lives. General Foch, the Allied Commander, acceded to the wish of the Germans, and the signing of the armistice virtually ended the war. The Central Powers of Europe were completely defeated. The war ended; demobilization of the army was ordered. This was almost as great a task as had been the enrolment. Nearly five millions of men, at home and in Europe, were under arms. To get the army back to a peace basis was the problem of the hour. Each soldier was carefully examined, physically, by an army surgeon, and a complete record of the man made, in every partic- ular, for permanent file in the War Department at Washington. Actual discharges began early in December and were completed by December 21, 1918. Every man of the corps at Boston University was discharged, save one who was sick in hospital, and was sent to the Government hospital at Camp Devens, Mass., to be treated until cured. The University had taken the best care of its sick at one of the city hospitals. The Students' Army Training Corps had completed the work re- quired of it by its Government in the World War. Their work had been spoken of in the warmest terms by high officials in the War Department. The knowledge of having done one's duty, whether applauded by men or not, will give to every man guided by a sense of duty supreme satisfaction. The approval of one's conscience is of far more value than the plaudits of our fellow-men. The Stu- WAR RECORD 67 dents' Army Training Corps at Boston University did its duty. There was not a single trial for violation of military laws, and there was not a single desertion from its ranks, a record almost unheard of in a military unit so large. The memory of their service, though short, should be cherished and handed down to their children's children — a priceless heritage. Boston University did its duty. Both the Corporation and its officers and professors gave money and toil without stint or reserva- tion. As an institution of learning it answered its country's call, whole-heartedly and patriotically, having in view but one thing: to help its Government — to help the world — make sure that liberty and democracy should not perish, and that the peoples of the world should still enjoy the blessings of liberty, freedom, and happiness. Following is a list of army officers who served with the S. A. T. C. at Boston University from its organization to its demobilization: 1. Captain Starkey Y. Britt, Artillery Corps, U. S. Army, retired, Commandant. 2. 1st Lieut. Harry L. Lowell, 104th Infantry, Quartermaster. 3. 1st Lieut. Walter M. Jarvis, 42nd Infantry, Command- ing Hdqrs. Co. and Post Adjutant. 4. 2nd Lieut. Dwight G. W. Hollister, Infantry, Personnel Adjutant. 5. 2nd Lieut. Tscharner D. Watkins, Infantry, Command- ing Co. A. 6. 2nd Lieut. Richard L. Simon, Infantry, Commanding Co. B. 7. 2nd Lieut. William Adams, Jr., Infantry, Commanding Co. C. 8. 2nd Lieut. Arthur H. Wehle, Infantry, Commanding Naval Detachment — part time. 9. 2nd Lieut. George C. Wise, Infantry, Co. A. 10. 2nd Lieut. Willard B. Thompson, Infantry, Naval Section. 11. 2nd Lieut. Frederick J. Sweeney, Infantry, Hdqrs. Company. 12. 2nd Lieut. Benjamin T. Ward, Infantry, Company C. 13. 2nd Lieut. Edwin A. Buck, Infantry, Company B. Miss Julia A. Curran, Secretary to Commandant. Ensign E. R. Clark, U.S.N. R.F., Naval Detachment. Ensign R. J. Jackson, Naval Detachment. 68 BOSTON UNIVERSITY A TEACHER AS STUDENT Warren 0. Ault [Warren Or tm an Ault is Assistant Professor of History in the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University.] My experience in the army was without distinction. I was obliged to say sometimes to the queries of friends, "No, I did n't get across, neither did I get a Cross." The returning hero from overseas, however, though he may make me envious, does not make me feel ashamed. Like all soldiers I did what I was told with full acquiescence and with what cheerfulness was possible. Thus I learned something of discipline, which has been defined as "Instant and willing obedience to orders." My time was divided almost equally between the Medical Department and the field artillery. While in the Medical Depart- ment I was stationed at various forts in Boston Harbor. The Med- ical Department, besides caring for the sick and wounded, is the registrar's office of the army. It is the receiving and discharging office. Consequently the amount of "paper work" in this depart- ment is enormous. Specialists in that field are of much value, and it was there that my own work lay. I knew and learned nothing of medicine beyond the essentials of first aid, elementary physiology, and army sanitation. Observation and study taught me something about the management of an army hospital. At the time of my transfer to the artillery I was in charge of the office of the senior surgeon of the coast defenses of Boston, and had been for some months a sergeant. In July, 1918, the War Department threw the officers' training camps open to enlisted men in all departments of the army. I immediately asked for a transfer to the Field Artillery Officers' Training Camp at Camp Taylor, Ky. Probably my prin- cipal motive in making this move was the ordinary human desire to get ahead in my profession; for you must remember that at that time we had no notion but that the army might be our profession for some years to come. Other considerations which influenced me were my love of an active, out-door life, and my knowledge and liking for horses and mathematics — both essential factors in Field Artillery. I was the only enlisted man to go to that camp at that time from the coast defenses of Boston, and I had a fine trip. I was in the training camp just fifteen weeks. The routine of those camps is too familiar to warrant description here. The long hours and the hard work were compensated by the friendships formed {Photograph by Bridwell) WARREN O . A U L T WAR RECORD 69 with a score of fine fellows and by acquaintance with scores more. Over and over again I was carried back in thought to college days. There was the same hurried snatch at this subject and then at that; the same excited cramming for the morrow's quiz; the same en- vious or exultant comparison of marks; the same rejoicing over a subject "passed" with a minimum of effort expended. To complete the parallel, we had a commencement at the end of our course, received our diplomas, and went home rejoicing. For the war had broken down on us just as we were finishing up. My battalion was the first to be commissioned after the armistice was signed. The army was a school, and that in form as well as in essence. My first month in the Medical Department was occupied largely with attendance upon lectures in various pertinent subjects. The officers' training camp was an elaborately organized educational institution with an actual enrolment of 14,000 and an anticipated enrolment of 20,000. When fully under way it was expected that this school would turn out a thousand second lieutenants each week. Each student was carrying forty-four hours of work a week. There were no electives, few "snap" courses, a minimum of tardiness, practically no "cutting," and the best of discipline. Many of us have read with what patience we could muster "The Education of Henry Adams," an education in which formal school- ing played a minor role. It is in that sense also — education as life — that the army was a school. I am glad (now) that I entered the army as a "buck" private. It was just like beginning life all over again. You have lost your job, your property, your friends; you have had to go to a new country and begin at the bottom again. That well-known phrase, "It 's a great life if you don't weaken," is so true as to be an almost inspired statement of the case. I commend the army as a school for the development of self- reliance. r THE S. A. T. C. AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY Edwin C. Byam [Edwin Colby Byam is a graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University, '20.] "DOSTON UNIVERSITY, like four hundred other educational ■*-' institutions throughout the country, was selected by the Government as a location for a Students' Army Training Corps. Whereas this organization allowed the students at the same time 70 BOSTON UNIVERSITY to remain at college and to serve their country, its chief purpose was to give the young men intensive training, in order to make commissioned officers of them in the shortest possible time. Those who showed skill for some other branch of the service were to be trained to be most efficient in that work. Owing to the influenza epidemic the students of Boston Univer- sity were not inducted until October 10, 1918, and on October 21 they reported for duty. The organization consisted of two sections, — the S. A. T. C. and the S. N. T. C, — the former composed of four companies of soldiers totaling 726 men, the latter being a single group of 101 sailors. Captain S. Y. Britt, U.S.A., retired, was the commanding officer, and twelve other officers worked with him. Every forenoon the student-soldiers attended classes at the University, most of which were those prescribed by the War De- partment; every afternoon they marched to either the Fenway or Boston Common to drill. The men undertook their training with much enthusiasm and earnestness, and under the capable in- struction of the young officers, who were generally well-liked and respected, they showed very rapid improvement; so rapid, in fact, that before the armistice was signed two detachments of soldiers were chosen from them and sent South to complete their training at an officers' training camp. The admirable spirit of devotion to the cause at hand which prevailed among our brave lads at the front could be noted also in these student-soldiers, as they faithfully and earnestly did their small part. Although these men until the last had no uniforms, no bands nor flying colors by which to march, no firing of cannon nor fallen comrades to urge them on, and although they were far from the scene of action, nevertheless they cheerfully toiled on day by day, doing their very best for their country. It must be admitted that the spirit of the corps changed en- tirely after the armistice. All the young men's hopes of reaching the front and showing their mettle beside their older soldier friends were dashed to the ground by this event. What was more natural than that they should desire to return to civilian life as soon as possible, now that their services were no longer needed? Orders soon came for their release, and by December 21, 1918, the entire unit was demobilized. The question of whether or not the S. A. T. C. was a failure quickly arose. Some have pronounced it so, and have lamented the m pi e MH Pi n HHiHI M m V '^hH^i IT ¥ mmm^M^^^ ^ ' ; /x-^HwH 3 ! i mm z a i J W^W'^^^^m /- " ,, . i li p M ^ -< \^ ^H 'n's ^^ t^^S s^S^ I'l E '^ ^*B §-m Bii . -^^ W 1 i;.:^..^^ .-5 : §' ""^^ ^^H^B « -#>1 g '' -^ft^^BPMIW 1 ' 1 ' rl w>.-f !' ^^B •* mHh > •4 4 f| ^^^HHilHHRH^HHIi^Hffilnfi o^l' ^ 'wBHh E S^H IH 15 { Pi o u c; i < I ^ WAR RECORD 71 great expense caused the Government by it. From this point of view the many other acts of the War Department, anticipating a longer war, must also be termed failures. But does it seem right to condemn a plan simply because it did not have time to show its advantages? Military men were confident that, had the war con- tinued, the S. A. T. C. would have proven a huge success. Even as it resulted, the opinion is current that the psychological effect upon the German military authorities of the knowledge that the colleges all over the country were devoting their efforts toward filling the shortage of American officers was considerable. Credit must here be given to Boston University for its splendid cooperation with the military department in this work. The Univer- sity did all in its power to help carry out this new plan of the Govern- ment. Buildings had to be secured and fitted up for barracks; a mess-hall and food provided; the plan of the academic year changed; new courses added to the college bulletin and others altered. In all this the readiness of the University authorities to do their part in this huge undertaking was quickly perceived and appreciated. BOSTON UNIVERSITY NAVAL UNIT, 1918 Harry B. Center [Harry Bryant Center, College of Liberal Arts, '00, is Associate Professor of Journalism in the College of Business Administration of Boston University.] THE Boston University Naval Unit, established in September, 1918, at the same time that the Students' Army Training Corps was recruited, was a direct result of work begun at the College of Business Administration in March, 1917, a month before the United States entered the World War. At that time there was a "drive" to recruit the United States Naval Reserve. Mr. John J. Feeley, a graduate of the School of Law, offered to pay the expenses of a free evening course in elemen- tary navigation to be given at the College of Business Adminis- tration. Dean Lord accepted this offer, and instruction was begun early in March, 1917, the class meeting for hourly sessions twice a week. The instructor was Captain Robert M. Clark, formerly of the United States Steamship Inspection Service. About a hundred young men, including many who had already enlisted in the naval reserve and who were in uniform, took ad- 72 BOSTON UNIVERSITY vantage of the offer. Among those who registered were many of our own students at the College of Business Administration and the College of Liberal Arts. Nearly every man who took the course later joined the naval reserve, and among them were some of the first to be commissioned ensigns. This course was, so far as can be learned, the first "service" course in navigation offered by any university or college in the United States. College courses in navigation had been given, — our own College of Liberal Arts had such a course, — but they were courses in mathematics, and made at least plane trigonometry a prerequisite. The service course given by Captain Clark, and similar courses continued during the war at the College of Busi- ness Administration, did not presuppose the student's having any mathematical training beyond arithmetic. They were planned es- pecially to give enlisted men in the navy a sufficient knowledge of elementary navigation to pass the entrance examinations to the officer material schools established by the Navy Department immediately after the United States declared war. At the end of Captain Clark's course, which lasted six weeks, about twenty-five regular students at the College of Liberal Arts and the College of Business Administration desired to continue their study of navigation until the end of the college year in June. Professor Harry B. Center, of the College of Business Adminis- tration, had taken an active interest in the course given by Captain Clark and had assisted in the instruction. At the request of this group of students Professor Center continued the work to the end of the year. In the summer session of 1917 Professor Center conducted a small class in elementary navigation, and at the beginning of the fall term at the College of Business Administration single term courses in elementary navigation and nautical astronomy were added to the regular college curriculum. These, too, were small classes. But in the spring term of 1918 a thirty-hour course was offered free to enlisted men. About one hundred and twenty-five students registered for this course, including several ensigns and a number of petty officers, and the course in nautical astronomy during the same term was taken by about thirty men, a majority of whom were either naval ensigns or lieutenants. The work was continued in the summer session of 1918, Pro- fessor Robert E. Bruce, of the College of Liberal Arts, offering a WAR RECORD 73 course in plane trigonometry which was especially arranged to coordinate with Professor Center's course in elementary naviga- tion. In the fall term the service courses at the College of Business Administration were continued, a nominal fee being charged for instruction. It is interesting to note the grades and ratings of the naval men, about three hundred in number, who have taken advantage of these service navigation courses. The following list is as complete as the records available permit, but rather understates the case: Lieutenant-Commander 1 Lieutenant Senior Grade 6 Lieutenant Junior Grade 9 Ensigns 21 Chief Boatswains 2 Chief Gunners 1 Chief Machinists 1 Pay Clerk ^ 1 Boatswain's Mates 5 Quartermasters first class 6 Quartermasters second class 4 Quartermasters third class 7 Electricians, Radio 19 Carpenter's Mate 1 Chief Yeomen 8 Yeomen first class 2 Yeomen second class 4 Yeomen third class 2 Seamen first class 101 Seamen second class 98 This work at the College of Business Administration was carried on with the heartiest cooperation of the naval authorities of the First Naval District. To the never-failing interest of Lieutenant Philip P. Chase, in charge of officer material for the district, was the success of these courses especially due. Lieutenant Chase constantly helped by suggestions for increasing the efficiency of the work and enhancing its value to the navy, and showed his active interest by regular attendance at the classes. A large number of the men who took the courses passed the entrance examinations for the officer material schools at Cambridge and at Pelham Bay, N. Y., and were -commissioned as ensigns in the Naval Reserve. When the Navy Department, in September, 1918, announced that naval units in connection with the Students' Army Training Corps plan would be established at universities and colleges, Boston 74 BOSTON UNIVERSITY University was awarded a naval section without application. The section was to be of fifty apprentice seamen. Professor Center was at once placed in charge of the selection of these men and was made faculty director of the naval section. Applications were re- ceived from students at the College of Liberal Arts, School of Law, and College of Business Administration, and more than a hundred men sought places in the naval section. There had to be some dis- appointments. In order to be fair, the quota of fifty men was divided among the three schools in proportion to the number from each school who applied. This resulted in the selection of eight men from the College of Liberal Arts, fifteen from the School of Law, and twenty-seven from the College of Business Administration. Preference was given to those who had been students in their respective departments during the preceding year, so that every former student who applied found a place in the naval section, unless he was rejected by the examining physician. There were very few rejections, and Lieutenant John Paul O'Neill, who had charge of the recruiting and examination, paid a high compliment to the physical excellence of the men submitted for examination at Boston University. While the fifty apprentices were being recruited the size of the naval section was increasing. By a rule of the Navy Department, any enlisted man in the naval reserve might apply for assignment to one of the naval units for study during the winter. This brought back to college a number of men who liad been students in the University and who had left school to enlist. Others who had not previously been students were able to join the naval unit if they could meet the college entrance requirements. The size of the naval section was necessarily limited to one hundred, that number being the limit for which quarters were available. As finally made up, the naval section was composed of forty-nine apprentice seamen, who were sworn into service by Lieutenant O'Neill on October 1, and fifty-one men transferred from active service. Among the latter there were several petty officers, including one chief boatswain's mate and one chief yeoman. From the very begin- ning the presence in the naval section of so many men who had been in the navy for some months, some from the beginning of the war, made for discipline and earnestness in the work. The naval com- pany was from its first day a coherent, well-disciplined, and well- ordered unit. WAR RECORD 75 Under the S. A. T. C. plan the naval organization at Boston University was a "section" rather than a "unit," and so was under the command of the army officer assigned as commander of the Students' Army Training Corps, who represented the Navy Depart- ment for that purpose. Captain Britt appointed Lieutenants Arthur H. Wehle and Willard B. Thompson to take charge of the section. The men were housed at the University's building at 210 Newbury Street, which was remodeled into a barracks, with ample dormitory and toilet accommodations and the necessary office room. The men messed at the S. A. T. C. mess-hall on St. Botolph Street. The army command of naval men was not wholly satisfactory, through no fault of the officers assigned, but because the two arms of the service have different traditions, different routine, and different customs, and neither one can quite understand the other. The pres- ence of so many men in the section who had been in active naval service made complications inevitable. These men knew their naval routine and etiquette; the army officers knew theirs. The friction that resulted was not serious so far as any effect upon school work went, but the men were not getting the naval atmosphere that was so necessary if they were to become good navy men — "grow web feet," as they put it. It was for this reason that, about a month after the section was organized, Rear Admiral Wood appointed Rear Admiral Rogers, also commandant of the naval units at Har- vard, Technology, and Tufts, to the command of the section at Boston University. Admiral Rogers at once appointed two ensigns, R. T. Jackson and E. R. Clark, the former a graduate of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin, the latter a former student at the College of Business Administration of Boston University, to the immediate command of the section. The appointment of these naval officers raised the section to the rank of a unit. Never were two officers more enthusiastically received by the men under their command than Ensigns Jackson and Clark. The men felt that they were really in the navy now; they swept down "decks" instead of "floors," and "gangways" instead of "stairs." The "barracks" became the U. S. S. Newbury. Classes aboard ship were formed for training in semaphore and wig-wag signaling and in marlinespike seamanship, under the instruction of the ensigns and petty officers. The kindness of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity furnished the lower deck as a commodious and comfortable study 76 BOSTON UNIVERSITY and recreation room, the boys "chipped in" and hired a player- piano, and social life aboard ship took on a new meaning. The influenza epidemic had delayed the beginning of school work for the naval men, as it had for the army men. When classes finally began, the men were helped to arrange their courses accord- ing to the branch of naval service in which they were most interested. Their choice was about evenly divided between "line" and "pay- master." Those preparing for the schools for line ensigns studied trigonometry, elementary navigation, physics, English, and a foreign language. Those who by age and because of sea duty al- ready performed would be eligible for the ensign schools to begin in January were permitted to study nautical astronomy. The men who were interested in the paymaster corps studied such subjects as economics, accounting, transportation, English, and a foreign language. The regular S. A. T. C. course in War Issues was required of all. The apprentice seamen were required to study their "Blue Jacket's Manuals" and to take weekly quizzes. These studies were in addition to the training given in signaling and seamanship. The signing of the armistice in mid-November found the naval unit in full stride, an efficient, well-drilled, and well-disciplined body. And then came the order for demobilization. The Navy Department decided to continue the line ensign schools for one more term of two months, beginning in January. In the Boston University Naval Unit were nine men who were of the required age and who had the necessary sea service, with training at Bumkin Island and at the naval rifle range at Wakefield. These nine men were permitted to take the entrance examinations for the ensign schools. Eight of the nine passed, with seven of the eight ranked in the first hundred of the more than two hundred and fifty men who took the examinations. One, however, failed to meet the physical requirements, and so seven men from the Boston University Naval Unit were admitted to the last ensign schools, one going to Pelham Bay and six to Cambridge. Of these seven, six won their commissions as ensigns, one obtaining his release from service during the school term. At a dinner at the Hotel Brunswick after demobilization the members of the unit effected a permanent organization as the Bos- ton University Naval Unit, electing Ensign Jackson, president, Ensign Clark, treasurer, and Professor Center, secretary. CAPTAIN HERBERT F . H A R T W E L L WAR RECORD 77 HERBERT F. HARTWELL HERBERT F. HARTWELL, '03, College of Liberal Arts, received high honors for distinguished gallantry during the war. Captain Hartwell, formerly of the 104th Infantry, 26th Division, was one of the very few American officers of junior rank who won the coveted decoration of the Cross of the Legion of Honor of France, the highest honor awarded by the French Republic. General de Buyer proposed Captain Hartwell for Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. The award was in recognition of Captain Hart- well's "signal services as a Liaison Officer" with the French Army. When the Cross of the Legion of Honor decoration was conferred at Nancy one battalion of troops from the Iron Division, which was the 26th Division of the French Army, and one battalion from the 39th French Division of the 20th C. A. turned out in his honor. Besides the citation accompanying the French decoration, Captain Hartwell has personal citations from the French Generals de Buyer and Paulinier, and also from General Edwards of the 26th Divi- sion, Colonel, afterward General, George H. Shelton, 104th In- fantry, Colonel Henry H. Harjes, Chief of the Liaison Service. While doing the liaison work Captain Hartwell was attached to the headquarters of the 20th French Army Corps. Captain Hart- well was decorated for bravery in action with the Croix de Guerre with gold star on recommendation of Marechal Petain, Com- mander-in-Chief of the French Armies, with the following citation: P. C. Grande Quartier G6n4ral Ordre No. 17. 710 "D" (Extrait) des Armees Frangaises de I'Est Etat-Major. Capitaine H. F. HARTWELL, 104' R. I. U. S.; "Un avion allemand de bombardement se dirigeant sur Paris "dans la nuit du 11 au 12 Mars 1918 ayant €te contraint d'atterrir "dans nos lignes, s'est elance a la poursuite des aviateurs ennemis "cherchant a fuir a la faveur de la nuit et les fit prisonniers. Le Marechal de France Commandant en chef les Armies Frangaises de I'Est Petain. Captain Hartwell saw a German Gotha land at night and made a rush for the crew. He captured the two aces, with the sergeant major, and took them to the nearest American headquarters. These were the first German aviators captured by the A. E. F. 78 BOSTON UNIVERSITY SPECIAL WORK IN MATHEMATICS FOR THE S. A. T. C. Robert E. Bruce [Professor R. E. Bruce is head of the Department of Mathematics in the Col- lege of Liberal Arts of Boston University.] THREE courses given by the Department of Mathematics were required in one or another of the S. A. T. C. programs; viz., plane trigonometry, surveying, and navigation. The regis- tration in navigation was not large, as not many men elected the program for which it was required. In the course in trigonometry there were nine divisions. The course in surveying had an enrolment of over one hundred. The following members of the faculty assisted the members of the department in the work of instruction: Pro- fessors A. W. Weysse, N. A. Kent, W. G. Aurelio, Messrs. J. R. Martin, and L. B. Taylor. The following teachers from other institutions assisted: Mr. J. A. Marsh, English High School, Boston; Mr. Paul Norton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Most valuable aid was given by Mr. Ernest W. Branch, A.B. '88, who, in spite of heavy work in his own office, due to a large government contract, gave eight hours per week as supervisor of field work in surveying. r WAR WORK OF THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS THE war work of the College of Liberal Arts may best be divided into three parts: the preparedness period, and the two college years during which the country was actually at war. On March 23, 1917, Dean Warren appointed a "Faculty Com- mittee on Preparedness," consisting of Professors C. P. Huse, N. A. Kent, and S. M. Waxman. Under the auspices of this committee, a preparedness meeting was held on April 2, 1917. After President Murlin had given an introductory address, Mrs. James J. Storrow, President of the Women's City Club of Boston, and Colonel Frank L. Locke, of the Boston Young Men's Christian Association, out- lined the fields of activities which young men and young women, respectively, could enter. Dr. Waxman gave a short talk on the Corps Cadets. Miss Esther M. Nazarian, '17, presented to the col- WAR RECORD 79 lege a large flag, purchased by the Girls' Glee Club with the pro- ceeds of its 1917 concert, and Dean Warren suitably acknowledged the gift. Resolutions were then passed pledging the support of the student body to the war program of the Government. The meeting closed with the singing of "The Star Spangled Banner." On April 11a second assembly was held. Dean Warren presided, and addresses were given by the following: Miss Mary F. Stratton, Secretary-Treasurer of the Boston School of Physical Education, on "Reconstruction Work;" Miss Edna Cutter, of the New England Branch of the Woman's National Farm and Garden Association, on "Farm Work for Women During the Summer;" and Miss Mabel G. Curtis on the details of registration for farm work. Announce- ments were made by Mr. Frank Kingdon, '20. Singing, directed by Professor H. Augustine Smith, closed the meeting. Lists of war activities open to men, and of summer activities suitable for men and women, were shortly after prepared and posted. Classes were quickly formed for Red Cross and First Aid work. There were enrolled a total of 145 students from the College of Liberal Arts; 10 also entered from the College of Business Administration. The various groups were directed by six physicians from our Medical School, who volunteered their assistance. In the early fall of 1917, our country being actually at war, the name "Faculty Committee on Preparedness" was changed to " War Time Activities Committee." That a closer connection might exist between the Faculty Committee and the student body, there was formed on October 17 a "Liberty Committee," composed of two representatives, a man and a woman, from each of the four classes of the college, with, in addition, other prominent students. The members of this committee were: Frank Kingdon, '20, Alice Springfield, '18, Shields Warren, '18, Margaret H. Thompson, '19, Warren H. Wardle, '19, Esther V. Thurston, '20, Rudolph Bennitt, '20, Mary S. Mills, '21, Norman M. Martin, Elsie M. Woodland, '18, Ursula M. Cronin, '20; also Miss Rachel Hard wick and Pro- fessor Norton A. Kent. The Faculty Committee on War Time Activities was further strengthened by the addition of Miss Rachel Hardwick, and student and faculty committees alike entered ener- getically upon the second period of their war work. Special courses in the Chemistry of Foods and on Hygiene for trained attendants, and a new course in Navigation were offered at the College of Liberal Arts. Each noon representatives from the Department of French 80 BOSTON UNIVERSITY in the College of Liberal Arts lunched with army officers situated in near-by armories, in order to instruct and drill them in the use of the French language. On November 1 Brewer Eddy addressed the students, giving his famous talk, "In the War Camps at Home and Overseas." This meeting netted over $120, and the proceeds were used to buy yarn, which the young women of the college knitted into sweaters for the men at the front. The first great Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation campaign, known in the colleges as the Students' Friendship War Fund Campaign, then followed. The friendship idea appealed strongly to the student body, and the campaign made a deep im- pression. The college pledged $1,290.20. Every cent of this pledge was paid. The class of 1920 bought a Series II Liberty Bond and presented it to the College Library. November 23 the Liberty Committee was affiliated with the Student Council. On December 13 a food conservation rally was held. Dr. Lyman C. Newell spoke on the subject, "How We Can Help Win the War by Conserving Food." There were placed on exhibition plastic models loaned by the courtesy of the Plastic Novelty and Specialty Company, of New York, and of their agents in Boston, the F. H. Thomas Co. There were also displayed certain charts and photo- graphs dealing with food conservation. The December Red Cross Campaign brought in 94 new members from the college. December 17 it was voted that the Student Council and Liberty. Committee combine under the name of "The War Council." On February 7, 1918, a play was given by the students for the benefit of the Cercle Frangais. This netted $125.00. In March^and April over 400 books were collected for the Sol- diers' Library. In May $52 was sent to one of our graduates, William C. Poole, S.T.B. '17, doing Y. M. C. A. work in London. This money was used for the benefit of our American soldiers passing through that city. During the college year our young women knitted for the men in the service a total of 41 sweaters. In February two assemblies were held, one addressed by Mr. William Howland, who had been in the Ambulance Corps in France and is now a teacher in Emerson College. His lantern slides of WAR RECORD 81 the war zone in France brought vividly to the audience the almost irreparable devastation. At the other assembly Professor Thomas N. Carver, of Harvard University, spoke on "The Liquor Problem in War Time." During the latter part of the second semester, the "Woman on the Land" movement was urged. Reports were compiled on work and wages for men in factories. In the closing weeks of the second semester a campaign was launched to place men and women in patriotic work during the summer months — on the farms, or in ship-building or munition plants. The faculty and student committees assisted, to a small extent, in the Navy League campaign, the Provincetown Hostess House enterprise, and a campaign undertaken by the College of Business Administration to obtain money for comfort bags for its men at the front. The majority of college assemblies held on Thursday were directed by the combined faculty and student committees. The college year 1918-19 may be said to comprise the third period of our activity. The most important development this year was the formation of the War Service Union. The Faculty Commit- tee on War Time Activities and the War Council combined in the formation of the War Service Union. This organization had a two- fold object: (1) To organize the student body so that every ounce of energy should be consecrated to the national task; (2) to maintain a clearing-house for all student activities connected with the war, to provide a recognized authority for the sanctioning of such activ- ities, and to mass behind all sanctioned efforts the forces of the War Service Union. The organization of the Union was as follows: Frank Kingdon, '20 Chief Executive Mary A. Rowan, '19 Secretary LiLLA M. Best, '19 Treasurer Faculty Members Norton A, Kent Rachel L. Hardwick Student Members Phyllis H. Additon, '20 War Saving Stamps Secretary John P. Currie, '21 Director of Music Marion A. Bradford, '19 President Local Red Cross Chapter, Volunteer Service Commissioner James G. Dow, '19 Director of Y. M. C. A. 82 BOSTON UNIVERSITY G. Albert Higgins, '20 Ruth McAllister, '20 Mary S. Mills, '21 Clara V. Sargent, '19 Dorothy S. Smyth, '19 Miriam L. Spaulding, '19 Margaret H. Thompson, '19 Esther V. Thurston, '20 A. Dorothea Truitt, '20 Class Presidents Marian J. Durning, '19 Miriam Loring, '20 Assembly Officer Current Events Chairman Chief of Supply War Literature Chairman Publicity Director Home Auxiliary Commissioner Director of Y. W. C. A. Volunteer Service Commissioner Chairman of Program Committee Student Council Grace E. Auburn, '22 JuANiTA Fay, '22 Y. W. C. A. Representative Alice B. Wilson, '20 During this year the presence of the S.A.T.C. and the Naval Unit greatly complicated the life of the college; but despite these difficulties, the year was one of marked activity, and substantial results were obtained. The important events of the year were as follows : On November 1 an organization meeting, addressed by the Chief Executive, Frank Kingdon, was held in Jacob Sleeper Hall. On November 13, in the Old South Church, a great assembly was convened. The chief speaker was Brewer Eddy, who spoke on "With the Red Triangle on Four Fronts." The meeting was not only a War Service Union assembly but the opening of the Univer- sity drive for the United War Work Fund. There were in attendance the President of the University, the Deans of the various depart- ments, members of the faculties, the civilian students, and the 825 members of the Students' Army Training Corps and Naval Unit, who entered the auditorium in a body. This special war drive was ably conducted in the various depart- ments by the following persons: S.A.T.C. and Naval Unit, Louis Stone, in cooperation with Lieut. Arthur H. Wehle; College of Liberal Arts, Miss Marion A. Wheeler, '20; College of Business Administration, Mr. Emery T. Dyer; Department of Education, Miss Ruth Olive Halford; Law School, Miss Mary F. Downey, '20, and Mr. Deane C. Davis, '21; Medical School, Miss Eleanor B. Ferguson, '20; Theological School, Mr. William M. Taylor, '19. In addition to the above, several instructors assisted in the canvass. Local rallies were held in different departments of the University, WAR RECORD 83 and in the College of Liberal Arts an auction of war drive posters was held. Some urgent war needs necessarily ceased with the signing of the armistice, but the amount of money pledged by the College of Liberal Arts to the United War Work Fund, $2,198.31, has not only been fully paid, but the amount received to date has reached the figure $2,209.61, and is still growing. The most interesting, possibly the most exciting, meeting of the year was that of November 11, 1918. It was an impromptu Victory Celebration. Mr. Frank Kingdon led the cheering. President Mur- lin. Dean Warren, Mrs. E. Charlton Black, and Mr. Kingdon were among the speakers. Professor Waxman led the students in singing the "Marseillaise." Patriotic songs were sung. Class exer- cises were suspended for the day. At the assembly meeting of December 5, excerpts from letters received from our men at the front were read. February 20 a mass meeting was held, the subject being the "League of Nations." A stirring address was delivered by Mr. Kingdon. Miss Marion Bradford, '19, in a careful and exhaustive report, gives the following figures regarding the Red Cross work of the col- lege during the year 1918-19: The Red Cross membership reached 182 in the college, while those joining at home were 148, making a total of 330; two magazine subscriptions were obtained during the year; 57 men's sweaters, 87 pairs of men's socks, 90 children's sweaters, and 46 pairs of children's socks were knitted by our young women; 1,377 comfort kits were filled, rolled, placed in bags, and packed ready for shipment; eight volunteer workers helped in the house-to-house canvass for the Boston Dispensary; several young women served in the Home Service Section of the American Red Cross, doing clerical work in the city; and $87 was collected for the Public Welfare Campaign. Of certain other committees the following reports are submitted: Miss Clara V.Sargent, '19, states for the War Literature Commit- tee that no demand was made on the committee until the call for books in December for the debarkation stations and hospitals. An individual canvass of all students was then taken, but owing to previous demands only seventy books were received. A large box 84 BOSTON UNIVERSITY of magazines was received from a member of the faculty. All were taken to headquarters at the Boston Public Library. In March a large number of war information pamphlets were distributed among the students through the various study rooms. For the Publicity Committee Miss Dorothy S. Smyth, '19, states that posters and notices were provided for all assemblies. Summer work report cards were distributed and collected, and the Victory Loan Campaign was pushed with vigor. An incomplete poll of faculty and students indicated that about $10,000 was probably the total of subscriptions, about $2,500 being from the student body. Financial Statement of the War Service Union Receipts Expenditures Balance of Brewer Eddy For Pledge Cards $3.00 Fund $12.52 Janitor of Old South Church 5.00 Pledges 20.50 Card Box .67 Chapter at C. B. A. 8.50 American Red Cross 26.26 Summer Report Cards 2.84 Boston University Hub 3.00 Postage .40 $41.17 Balance .35 Total $41.52 $41.52 LiLLA M. Best. Among the other activities of the War Service Union may be enumerated the War Service Union Membership Fee Campaign, which netted $20.50 in the College of Liberal Arts and $8.50 in the College of Business Administration; Italian Tag Day, on which a small sum of money was raised; an extensive campaign, conducted by Miss Dorothy S. Smyth, '19, the object being to ascertain the nature and extent of patriotic work, remunerative or non-remunera- tive, performed by our students during the summer of 1918. The Faculty Committee on War Time Activities has at present writing, upon its list of those who have served their country in this war, a total of 126 men and 10 women. During the prepared- ness and war periods, five circular letters were sent to our men and women in the service, and many interesting replies were received. The committee wishes to express its deep appreciation of all that the students have done to bring to completion the great success WAR RECORD 85 of these periods of war activity. To mention all who served would be impossible; the lists would well-nigh be a counterpart of the catalogues of students in the various college classes. Much pains- taking and loyal work has been done by the chairmen of both reg- ular and special committees, and theofficers of theLiberty Commit- tee, the War Council and War Service Union, the secretaries. Miss Margaret H. Thompson, '19, and Miss Mary A. Rowan, '19, espe- cially bearing a heavy burden of work. The Faculty Committee owes a debt of gratitude to Miss Hilda S. Murray, '20, for her faithful and skilful services as secretary, and to Miss Edith N. Snow, '20, for the preparation of a card index of our men and women in service. In closing we cannot express too strongly our obligation to Mr. Frank Kingdon, whose whole-hearted enthusiasm, able leadership, and fruitful service have meant so much to both the faculty and the students during those recent strenuous but victorious months. Norton A. Kent, For the War Time Activities Committee. Norton A. Kent, Chairman^ Rachel L, Hardwick, Charles P. Huse, July 25, 1919. Samuel M. Waxman. WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY WHEN America entered the war the student body was called together and given the world challenge. In a sense it came to the ministers as to no other class or individual. The cause was so deeply one of righteousness and civilization that it seemed to the leaders of the school that it would be difficult for anyone of military age to preach righteousness and not be willing in such a world crisis to fight, and if need be die, for it, as did He whose life is the preach- er's theme. Pacifism, and a totally emasculate interpretation of the gospel, had, it was discovered, found lodgment in a few individuals of the student body, largely through influences not now in the school. But as the great cause loomed larger and vision became clearer, these practically all saw the error of a judgment as mistaken as it was sincere, and the response to the world call was not less than re- 86 BOSTON UNIVERSITY markable. The school gave as large a proportion as has been heard of in any institution or department, though the minister was by law exempt from service. No effort was made to secure students for the following year. All were told they should enter the service if possible. The entering class of 1918 was therefore but 17. Each war loan was taken up by the student body and liberally subscribed for, as was each drive by welfare organizations, the stu- dents out of meager means reaching remarkable totals. Most of the students attending the school during the war were regular pastors of churches, and did much to raise the patriotic morale of their people. Great speakers were constantly brought to the school to give the highest interpretation of the world crisis to those who in their turn carried it to their people. Those remaining in the school were largely the more mature men with families, and practically all of these were ready at any time to go when the need was imperative. WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW APRIL 19, 1918, was known as Tribute Day at the School of Law. The students of the school, with a number from outside, met in the large lecture hall, where a United States flag and portraits of President Wilson and Governor McCall, and a volume contain- ing the portraits of the Law School men who were in the national service, were presented to the school by the three classes. The Law School members of the Boston University Battalion, which was in camp at Lexington during the holiday, came back to Boston for the exercises, and returned to camp at noon. Dean Albers introduced Reverend Father Lyons, president of Boston College, who opened the exercises with prayer. Almost immediately Honorable Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy, arrived. He was accompanied by Mayor Peters, of the City of Bos- ton, Rear-Admiral Spencer S. Wood, in charge of the first naval dis- trict, Lieutenant-Commander Carter, personal aide to the secretary, and Commandant Rush and officers from the navy yard. Secretary Daniels, as reported by the University News, April 23, 1918, said in part: WAR RECORD 87 "It is well that exercises on such a day as this and on such an occasion should be begun by asking the divine blessing, for we have come to realize, in this tremendous period in the world's history through which we are passing, that religion and patriotism are in- separable, now and forever, "I love to look into the faces of these young men — but there are no old men now. Men with years of life and experience behind them have been touched by a new spirit, and old men have become young. "We have no old men in the navy. All men in the navy are young. That is because they daily come into direct and personal contact with youth. The navy is an institution of youth. When the great fleet of American war vessels made its famous trip around the world, the average age of the men in the fleet was twenty years. Not the age of the enlisted men, you understand. The average included that great sea warrior, Fighting Bob Evans, and it included all the officers." Secretary Daniels paid a tribute to the spirit of the navy in war time. "But everywhere I go," he said, "I find the same spirit among all Americans. There is no place in America for any man who lacks faith in the eternal success of the principles for which we are fighting. "Whenever I look at the flag," Secretary Daniels said, as he brought his remarks to a close, "I think of the tribute to our national emblem spoken by the most distinguished citizen of Massachusetts, I believe, since Daniel Webster — the late Senator Hoar." The Secretary quoted the eloquent words, to the eff^ect that the most beautiful sight in the world was the sight of the flag of one's country in a foreign land. "Unfortunately," said Secretary Daniels, "Sen- ator Hoar did not in his time see that sight so often as it could have been seen a generation before; he did not see it so frequently as travelers over the world shall see it in the days that are to come." Dean Albers introduced Mr. Charles W. Lyons, of the class of 1919, who presented to the school the portrait of President Wilson. Professor Chandler M. Wood accepted the portrait and said: "At every time of great stress in our country's history she has been vouchsafed a great leader to give voice to the nation's highest aspirations. In the day of the foundation of the Republic, it was Washington; in the dark day of sectional division, it was Abraham Lincoln; in this great day, when our country has entered into the world's greatest war in order that the world may be a safe place to 88 BOSTON UNIVERSITY live in, it is Woodrow Wilson, who not only voices the aspirations of America, but is even the spokesman for the democracies of the world. "It is peculiarly appropriate that the portrait of President Wil- son should hang upon the walls of this Law School, where men are necessarily imbibing the principles upon which our common law is founded. The position of President Wilson in history is made defi- nite and clear by the demand he is making upon the world that the moral principles which govern the relations between individuals shall be applied to international laws and conduct. "President Wilson is the spokesman for the democracies of the world; he will again be the spokesman for the free nations of the world when world policies are to be decided at the end of the war." Mr. Lot McNamara, Jr., of the class of 1920, then presented the portrait of Governor McCall. Professor Harold M. Bowman ac- cepted the portrait as the gift of the school and paid a tribute to the governor. Mr. Fernand Despins, vice-president of the class of 1918, then presented the book of portraits of the Law School men who are in the national service. Professor Frank Leslie Simpson accepted the gift- Governor McCall arrived at this part of the exercises. Dean Albers, in introducing Governor McCall, announced as the gover- nor's topic, "The Flag." Governor McCall said in part: "I was much impressed by the flag I saw over the door of this building as I entered — a flag with as many stars in its field as there are in the Milky Way. That is a more eloquent tribute to the flag than I could possibly pay, that tribute of the young men who have gone out from this great University into the service of their country to uphold the honor of that flag and the principles for which it stands. "It is a beautiful flag, but it is made beautiful because it stands for liberty and right and justice and government by law. If it stood for tyranny, oppression, and injustice, it would be a hideous thing, no matter how beautiful it might be merely as a thing to look at. "Especially the flag stands for government by law. In times like these, when the newspapers are telling us so much that is true, and so much, I am afraid, that is not quite so true, it is well to re- member that. A nation is apt to become hysterical. We want to be careful about that. We want to see that nothing happens that we shall be ashamed of and sorry for after the war is over." WAR RECORD 89 Governor McCall spoke of acts of violence against alien enemies — even lynchings in some of our States. "There is one thing about lynching," he said; "it is illegal; it is brutal; but more than all that, it is cowardly. It is usually one unarmed man against many who are armed. When a thing like that is done, it sullies and tarnishes the heroism of our men in the field. "We are in the war to a finish, — a glorious finish, — but we want to keep ourselves right at home, so that when peace comes it will honor us. We want to turn the world into a world which is governed by law; a world where the strong cannot trample the weak; where relations between nations shall be governed by the same principles that govern relations between individuals; where nations must submit their differences to a court. "We are battling against an iniquitous system which has existed from the be'ginningof time, and has for centuries sacrificed the flower of our youth upon the altars of the god of war. If we can put an end to that, our sacrifices will have been worth while." Mr. Edward Clayton Mathewson, president of the class of 1918, in presenting the flag to the school, said: "Mr. President, Dean Albers, and Faculty of Boston University School of Law: Many of the men of Boston University School of Law have answered the call to service in the World War. They have gone out to effect the realization of our ideals of justice and humanity and liberty, to guarantee to each nation the right to determine for itself the character of government under which it shall live, and to establish those same ideals for which one-half the world is fighting to-day, — the ideals of human freedom. "Perhaps Boston University is the first educational institution to take steps to perpetuate the records of the loyalty of her fighting sons and to seek to honor them during their lives, in appreciation of their patriotism, rather than at a later time when they have won dis- tinction or that oblivion which disregards distinction and is insen- sible to honor or to praise; for it is our belief that when a man has joined the colors he has thereby proved his patriotism, and that the rest is largely a matter of opportunity or event. Many a potential hero goes through years of service, faithfully performing the duties assigned to him without opportunity to display the mettle he is made of, while another, in the rush of battle, may, under the eye of one who lives to tell the tale, do some brilliant and spectacular deed that wins immortal fame or signal honor. 90 BOSTON UNIVERSITY "At least one of our students has been cited for bravery. We honor him. No less, however, do we honor his comrades to whom has not yet been offered the opportunity for the conspicuous mani- festation of that bravery which all of them really possess. "Loyalty and patriotism are as truly indicated by the entry into the service — by this offer of life on the country's altar — as by any specific exhibition of courage. 'Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his country.' "Before they joined the colors these men sat here in this lecture hall, some of them with us as classmates. We were with these men when this great cause of freedom called them — when the appeal became so strong that they placed their loyalty to this cause and to their country above all personal aspirations, and above the ties of home and friends. Of our admiration for the patriotism and loyalty of our men the idea was born in the hearts of the class of 1918 to honor, during their lives, every one of our University men who is in this World War. "To commemorate such service, so unselfishly given for the cause of democracy, for the principles of free government estab- lished in the time of Washington, welded together under the hand of Lincoln, and furthered by the sacrifices of our countrymen under McKinley to free the land of Cuba and give it back to her people, so that they might live under the character of government deter- mined for themselves, and now sought by President Wilson to be extended to the peoples of all nations, there can be no more suitable token than the emblem which represents the call that overcomes a man's wavering between his loyalty to his country and the ties of home, and which symbolizes all the suspense of those who remain at home and await the safe return of their men, and the fortitude with which fathers, mothers, wives, sisters, and brothers bear the heartaches and the sorrows of the waiting, and the greater sorrow which comes with the news that the life which is so dear to them has been given as the greatest sacrifice that one can make for his country. "This emblem, our flag, we present to you in honor of these men of our University." Dean Albers, accepting the flag, spoke as follows: "This school has furnished to this Commonwealth three of its governors, — William E. Russell, John L. Bates, and David L Walsh. The chief justice and a majority of the justices of the highest WAR RECORD 91 court in this Commonwealth, many of the judges of the Superior Court, still more of the inferior courts, the present attorney-general, many congressmen and legislators, received their legal education here. "Nor is Massachusetts alone of our States indebted to this school for able officers. Governors, judges, attorney-generals, congressmen from adjoining States, the Middle West, and the Pacific Slope, studied law here. Federal judges — in this circuit, in the North and East, to Florida in the South, the Philippines and Manila in the Far West, or Far East — came from here; so that we could truly paraphrase the British boast and say that the sun never sets upon the scales of justice held by the judicial hands of the graduates of this school. We are justly proud of this record. "Within the last few years the standard of scholarship for ad- mission and for graduation has been raised, but notwithstanding this elevation, there has been, until this year, a great increase in the number of students. We took pride in this elevation in the standard of legal education, and in the increase in numbers and prosperity of the school. "Then came the war, and our numbers faded away. Over forty former members of this year's senior class have been called to the colors — nearly as many as the total graduating class of 1911. Our pride in this decrease is even greater than was our pride because of the increase. We glory in the departure of our comrades. They have gone to serve their school in a higher plane; their have gone to serve their country; they have gone in order that the flag may be unsullied and unconquered. We do well to remember them; we honor ourselves in honoring them. " 'Breathes there a man with soul so dead Who never to himself hath said: "This is my own, my native land!" ' "Therefore, members of the senior class, in behalf of the school and of the University, with gratitude and with pride, I accept this flag. I thank you for the flag itself, its texture and its beauty. It is possible that loving prejudice or partiality may affect our judgment, but it seems to me that ours is the most beautiful flag of any in the world. "I thank you also for the spirit of loyalty and the sentiment towards the school which you have hereby shown; and even still more do I thank you for the loyalty and the sentiment towards our 92 BOSTON UNIVERSITY country which this gift evinces. Your gift and the flag itself sym- bolize patriotism, willingness to sacrifice, wholehearted devotion to our country. The flag is beautiful, but the ideals which it repre- sents are transcendent. "No one of us can behold it without a deep feeling of respon- sibility to higher than earthly ideals. In the words of a western American: 'The true American patriot is ever a worshiper; that starry symbol of his country's sovereignty is to him radiant with a diviner glory than that which meets his mortal vision. It epit- omizes the splendid results of dreary ages of experiments and fail- ures in human government, and as he gazes upon its starry folds, undulating responsive to the whispering winds of the upper air, it sometimes seems to his rapt spirit to recede farther and still farther into the soft blue sky, until the very heavens open, and angel hands plant it on the battlements of Paradise.' " President Murlin then pronounced the benediction. During the exercises Miss Leveroni sang the "Marseillaise," the Italian Anthem, Garibaldi's Hymn, and the "Star-Spangled Banner." At a meeting of the students of the School of Law held in Decem- ber, 1917, Mr. Edward Clayton Mathewson, president of the class of 1918, gave an address on "Loyalty." This meeting was prepara- tory to "Tribute Day." A copy of this address was sent to every Law School man in the national service. Mr. Mathewson was very enthusiastic in his war activities. He enlisted in April, 1917, but though rejected on May 30 of that year, made other attempts to get into active service, but was not accepted. Each of the classes 1918, 1919, and 1920 purchased a Liberty Bond. The three classes raised a fund and sent a Christmas box to each member of the school who was in service in December, 1917. r WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE John P. Sutherland [Dr. John P. Sutherland is Dean of the School of Medicine of Boston University.] DURING the war the Medical Department was busy in various ways, but did not hold any rallies or special meetings. The members of the faculty subscribed to both the Fourth and Fifth Liberty Loans. TVAR RECORD 93 All of the eligible students of the school were inducted into the service as members of the Medical Enlisted Reserve Corps, and later were inducted into the Students' Army Training Corps. The members of the faculty served on Draft Boards and Medical Examination Boards, and a number saw active service. The members of the faculty subscribed at least $46,400 to the Fourth Liberty Loan. During the war the School of Medicine took care of 1,215 soldiers and sailors in the Hospital and West Department, Brighton, and 172 at the Nash House. Base Hospital No. 44 was organized in the summer of 1917 and called to the service March 10, 1918. r WAR RELIEF WORK OF THE BOSTON UNIVERSITY WOMEN GRADUATES' CLUB Pauline Nelson Hartstone [Mrs. Pauline Nelson Hartstone, a graduate of the School of Law of Boston University, '05, was president of the Boston University Women Graduates' Club.] IN April, 1917, a meeting was held to consider war work. One member of the faculty from each department of Boston Univer- sity was invited to tell of the work being done by his department. At this meeting it was decided to cooperate with Boston Univer- sity in every possible way, and the president of the club was dele- gated to confer with President Murlin and offer the club's services. The policies and character of the club's work immediately changed: each meeting was centered about war work, and men and women of prominence gave talks on this all-absorbing subject. All receipts from readings and entertainments were added to the war fund to be used solely for war work and war benevolences. A largely attended public patriotic rally, under the auspices of the Women Graduates' Club and arranged entirely by them, was held in Jacob Sleeper Hall, March 8, 1918, with speakers from all depart- ments of the University, to tell the public "What Boston Univer- sity Is Doing in the War." One of the first war activities was to help the College Women's Hospitality Center at Provincetown for the benefit of men in the 94 BOSTON UNIVERSITY coast-patrol service. Women of various colleges undertook this work under the direction of Mrs. Percy G. Bolster, of the Boston University Women Graduates' Club. Besides aiding financially, several members of the club served as hostesses. Miss Mary K. Taylor, A.B. '10, a member of the club, was sent abroad as its representative for social service work in France. A report of her efficient work is to be published within a short time. Substantial financial aid and encouragement were given Mrs. Waxman, wife of Professor Samuel M. Waxman, of Boston Uni- versity, and her committee, who have maintained for nearly four years a rest house for French soldiers in Paris known as L'CEuvre des Petits Blesses, Fondation des Cercle Frangais de I'Universite de Boston. The Boston University Women Graduates' Club helped to keep "open house" for the social life ofthe Students' Army Training Corps. The American Red Cross at Washington, D.C., was helped by the club in its effort to secure college women to go abroad as nurses, aids, and assistants under its direction. The local Red Cross and Special Aid Societies were materially helped by contributions by individual members of money and clothing, canteen work, and motor transportation. The Government was aided by members speaking for liberty loans and selling bonds, and by the work of members who served on the legal advisory board. The Massachusetts Board of Food Administration appealed to the Boston Branch of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae to undertake the work of retail price-reporting, known as a piece of war emergency work; and to the Boston University Women Grad- uates' Club was assigned the large district comprising Jamaica Plain, Hyde Park, Roslindale, Mattapan, and West Roxbury. The last notable club action was a contribution of money toward the maintenance and support of a French girl at Boston University, and an additional sum to close the work of the L'CEuvre des Petits Blesses. Contributions amounting to five hundred dollars were dis- tributed by the club among the various war benevolences. Special mention must be made of Mrs. Herbert D. Boyd, under whose able direction and leadership this big work was accomplished. (Photograph by Harris and Ewing, Washington, D. C.) COLONEL LEONARD P. AYRES WAR RECORD 95 LEONARD P. AYRES ONE of the members of the Presidential Peace Party was Colonel Leonard P. Ayers of the General Staff of the Army, He made the trip in the capacity of Chief Statistical Officer of the Presidential Party. At the outbreak of the war Colonel Ayres went to Washington and urged the organization of a statistical service which should fur- nish those in positions of top control with a fact basis for thinking and acting. He tendered not only his own services, but those of the Statistical and Educational Divisions of the Russell Sage Founda- tion, of which he was at that time director. The offer was accepted and Colonel Ayres became the Director of the Division of Statistics of the Council of National Defense. As the work expanded he organized and became Director of the Division of Statistics of the War Industries Board, the Priorities Committee, and the Allies' Purchasing Commission. These services involved work which was so confidential in nature that it was decided to incorporate in the War Department those portions dealing with strictly military information. The Director was commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel in the Army while his assistants were taken into other ranks of the commissioned service. Colonel Ayres was then appointed Chief Statistical Officer of the General Staff, and his office prepared weekly secret reports for the President, the Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff, and the generals in charge of the different divisions of the Army. He also organized and conducted the service by which the Department transmitted each week to the military committees of the House and Senate the salient information regarding the progress of the war. The news of the value of this work to the Administration in America reached the ears of General Pershing, who cabled over asking that similar services be organized for him in France, and Colonel Ayres was sent over at the head of a selected body of officers and statistical assistants to undertake the work. In France he was stationed at General Pershing's headquarters and organized the services of statistical information for both the General Head- quarters in the zone of the advance and the Supply Services behind the advanced zone. During the summer he represented the United States Army in joint conference held by the Supreme War Council at Versailles to 96 BOSTON UNIVERSITY determine what sorts of information should be exchanged among the Allied governments and the United States. Later he was present at the Shipping Conference in London by which this country bor- rowed British ships for moving our Army and its supplies. He returned to this country in October after having been present at the battle of St. Mihiel and seeing active service at other points in the Front. Upon his return he was promoted to be a full Colonel, made Chief of the Statistics Branch of the General Staff, and made a member of the General Staff. In his published report the Secretary of War announced that the services which Colonel Ayres has organized will be retained as a permanent part of our Army organization. r THE DIVISION OF STATISTICS Leonard Porter Ayres [Colonel Leonard Porter Ayres, College of Liberal Arts, '02, was Chief Statis- tical Officer of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Paris, December, 1918, to May, 1919.] IN the winter of 1901, Professor W. M. Warren labored to induct the writer into a comprehension of the nature of knowledge. He said that there were two elements in knowledge, namely, truths and facts. He further distinguished between the different classes of facts, pointing out that some of them were essential, while others were only incidental. Early in the winter of 1917 the writer conferred with his asso- ciates in regard to these principles. He argued that there was every indication that we were going to declare war on Germany, and that when this happened the Government at Washington would find that it needed to have at its disposal facts with regard to America's resources. He further argued that some one who had been inducted by Professor Warren into a comprehension of the nature of knowl- edge should forthwith go to Washington to impress upon the authorities there the necessity of creating an organization to make the facts available. This organization should sort the facts out into the essential ones and the incidental ones, and present the essential facts to those in positions of top control, in order that they might use them as the raw material for making decisions. The associates to whom these arguments were presented were not favorably impressed. Nevertheless, the writer went to Washing- WAR RECORD 97 ton and presented his arguments to influential persons in the Gov- ernment service. These dignitaries were not favorably impressed either. In the first place, they would not admit that there was going to be any war; in the second place, they did not think it would be necessary to have a special agency to collect the facts; and in the third place, they had never studied psychology under Professor Warren, and would not admit the validity of his categories. Nevertheless, the war came, and the writer went back to Wash- ington and insisted on establishing his office for the collection and dissemination of essential facts. This office became the Division of Statistics of the Council of National Defense, and devoted itself to finding out what kind of essential facts the people who were running the war needed to know. In military operations an essen- tial fact is known as a controlling factor, and it soon developed that the controlling factor in the raising of our new army was wool breeches. The first serious statistical work the office had to do was to pro- duce an authoritative statement as to how soon the United States could produce a sufficient number of wool breeches to make it pos- sible to issue the first draft call. Some army officers and some manu- facturers claimed that they could be ready in July. Others insisted that they could not be provided before December. Meanwhile, no final decisions could be made with regard to calling the men until some one could furnish the essential facts with regard to wool breeches. This piece of work led to others. The next controlling factor turned out to be shipping. How many ships were there? How many men could they carry ? How fast could they make their round trips ? How many pounds of food and munitions does each soldier consume each day, and how many tons of cargo shipping would be required to carry the material? All these questions had to be answered by the new office, and soon it became evident that there was a place for a military "fact-office" in the running of the war. During the summer of 1917 the Division of Statistics began issuing weekly secret reports for the Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff", telling what progress was being made in mobilizing men, manufacturing munitions, and shipping troops overseas. These reports were mostly made up of simple diagrams, and their outstanding characteristic was that they dealt only with the essen- tial facts, and omitted the incidental ones. Early in 1918 this work 98 BOSTON UNIVERSITY had grown to such dimensions and its output had become so con- fidential in nature that the army authorities decided to incorporate the organization as part of the regular military establishment. The offices were transferred to the War Department building and a number of the workers were commissioned as army officers. The writer was among these, and became a lieutenant-colonel in the National Army. From this time on the work increased rapidly in scope as those directing the military policies of the country in- creasingly realized the necessity for accurate information. As the Statistics Branch of the General Staff, the office continued to make reports each week on the progress of our war preparations. These reports were for the personal use of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff. Another and still more highly secret report was made each week to the President, and it is interesting to note that this report was in part patterned after the one made each week for King George by the British Army Intelligence Service in England. Besides relying upon the Statistics Branch for these weekly reports, the War Department turned over to it the work of classi- fying the confidential information and transmitting portions of it to certain men who had to take action and make decisions. These men had to have a fact-basis for their thinking and acting. The work was done by means of statistical lectures given by the writer. During 1918 five of these lectures were given each week. On Monday morning there was one before the War Council, at which all the latest facts with regard to men, munitions, and supplies were shown by a series of simple wall charts. On Monday noon much the same information was given to a group consisting of the brigadier and major-generals in command of the difi^erent divisions and bureaus of the War Department. On Wednesday all the facts with regard to shipments of men and supplies were set before a meeting known as the Maritime Conference, which included such men as the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, Mr. Hoover, Mr. Hurley, Mr. Schwab, Mr. Baruch, General Goethals, and others charged with the responsibility of getting the men and materials to France. Each Friday a general summary of the military situa- tion was presented to the Senate Committee on Military Affairs, and each Saturday similar material was given to the House Com- mittee on Military Affairs. These weekly lectures were continued regularly until after the signing of the armistice. WAR RECORD 99 They were not, however, given by the writer during this entire time, for in the spring there came a cablegram from General Persh- ing asking to have established at his headquarters in France a statistical service similar to the one in Washington, of which rumors had reached him. Receipt of this cable was followed by some weeks of great activity. Officers of statistical experience were located in different organizations of the army and ordered to report at Washington for overseas service. A school for these officers was organized and an intensive course in military statistics given to all candidates for the new work. Finally, at the end of May, Statistics Unit A, under command of the writer, left Washington for France, where it duly arrived some weeks later. General Pershing proved to be like Secretary Baker in that he wanted only the essential facts, but, nevertheless, the work at his headquarters proved very different from that in Washington. In the former city facts were wanted in order that decisions as to policy might be made. At General Headquarters facts were wanted to aid in carrying out policies already formed and decisions already made. Nothing counted except end-results. The General wanted to know every day how many effective fighting men he could count on. He wanted to know where they were, what equipment they had, and what shortages existed in guns, trucks, rifles, or in other essential articles of warfare. He wanted the facts about losses and sick-rates, and he always wanted the very latest infor- mation with respect to the men landed from the ships in the last twenty-four hours and the amounts of supplies unloaded. All this information had to be accurate and absolutely up-to-date, and it all had to be placed on his desk ready for use by 8.30 each morning. It was the job of the Statistics Unit to have it there, and to create and administer a system to get it there and never fail. The summer of 1918 was a busy one for the members of the statistics units in France. In September the writer was ordered to the front, and had the privilege of seeing something of the operations of St. Mihiel, the Argonne Forest, and certain French sectors. After that came a hurried trip to England to participate in negotiations for the British shipping, which was to have aided in carrying through America's tremendous military program for 1919. In this same month, the writer, as senior statistical officer of the A. E. F., represented the American Army in joint conferences of the representatives of all 100 BOSTON UNIVERSITY the Allied Armies, called by the Supreme War Council at Ver- sailles, to decide what information each army should interchange with the others, and what data with respect to its own operations should regularly be furnished Marshal Foch. September was a busy month. Early in October came an order to accompany the Secretary of War back to the United States to undertake the further organ- ization and extension of the statistics work. This brought with it promotions in the shape of a commission as full Colonel, shortly followed by appointment as a member of the General Staff, and appointment as Chief of the Branch of the General Staff adminis- tering statistical services.- In November came new orders, this time to accompany the President to France as Chief Statistical Officer of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. The work in Paris was intensely interesting, and it was a great privilege to have been able to partici- pate in it. In January came a tour of duty with the Army of Occu- pation in Germany, and later two trips to Belgium. Then followed weeks of computing on the indemnity clauses of the treaty and the economic sections. It proved impossible, however, to remain to the end of the peace negotiations. Late in April came new orders, this time to accompany the Secretary of War back to the United States in order to organize the material which might be needed for the expected Congressional inquiry into the conduct of the war. The time since returning has been spent in organizing these facts and in compiling the more important ones in a short statistical history published by the Government and entitled "The War with Germany — A Statistical Summary." This brings us up to the present time, which is the end of June, 1919. Two years and three months have been spent in war service, and some further months must undoubtedly be added to this term before release from the army can be secured. The writer agrees with a friend of his in one of the combat divisions, who wrote to him from the battlefield: "It is simply scandalous how I have enjoyed this war up to date." The writer has enjoyed it also. He has been privileged to be stationed where policies were discussed and decisions made. He has seen much of history in the making. Under his direction hundreds of able men and women have worked with a singleness of mind and a devotion to duty that have been WAR RECORD 101 inspiring in their example. It has been a privilege to direct military- statistical offices in Washington and at General Headquarters in France, at the Headquarters of the Services of Supply in France, in Paris, and at the American base in Antwerp. If the writer could express himself with the fulness of infor- mation, combined with the economy of words, in which he has attempted to train his assistants, he could more adequately tell the story of his experiences during the past two years in the brief compass of this article. That it could be done seems proved by a cablegram and a telegram which were sent by two of the writer's junior officers, and which succeeded in expressing much in few words. The cablegram was from one of the lieutenants to his father, and it read: "Captured, escaped, wounded, convalescent." The tel- egram was from another lieutenant to his mother. It was sent from Hoboken, and it read: "Debarked, deloused, demobilized, delighted." The writer, however, has not been able to say so much so briefly. He has dealt during the war with an enormous range of facts, some of them necessary and others merely contingent, some of them essential and others only incidental. The Statistics Branch of the Army has literally dealt during this war with all the elements of that improbable combination mentioned by "Alice in Wonder- land." It has reported on ships, and shoes, and sealing-wax, and cabbages, and kings. It has further reported on guns, and mules, and 6-inch shells, and gas-retaining rings, and beef and bullets, tanks and bombs, and trucks and airplane wings. When peace is signed the writer will find himself in the possession of an incom- parable mass of thoroughly worthless information. What he will do afterwards he does not know. He is reflecting on the essential quality of the truth expressed in Kipling's comment that "Army life is like army tobacco: it spoils a man's taste for milder things." r THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE FOR MASSACHUSETTS Everett W. Lord [Everett W. Lord, A.B. '00, A.M. '06, is Dean of the College of Business Ad- ministration of Boston University.] TN July, 1918, Dean Lord was requested by the Massachusetts -■- Public Safety Committee to accept an appointment under the United States Department of Labor as Federal Director of United 102 BOSTON UNIVERSITY States Employment Service for Massachusetts. The Employment Service had, by presidential proclamation, been given full control of unskilled labor in all war industries. All employers who had con- tracts with the Government were, by this proclamation, obliged to call upon the Employment Service, and only upon the Employment Service, for their labor, and a corresponding control of unskilled labor was thus given to the service. Dean Lord was authorized by the University Trustees to accept this position. Since the position carried no salary, the State Public Safety Committee undertook to reimburse the University for his salary during the term of office. The plan of organization of the Employment Service called for a local committee in every community in Massachusetts, with the organization of an employment office in every industrial center. Since the shipyards, munition plants, machine shops, and other war industries of the State were seriously in need of labor, the organ- ization of these employment offices was pushed with great rapidity. In addition to the employment offices, more than 200 enrolling agents were appointed to recruit laborers for the varied industries. Within a few weeks after the appointment more than forty employ- ment offices were organized, and the recruiting of labor was being carried on systematically in every community in the State. Under later authorization there was added to the jurisdiction of the Mas- sachusetts Office the lumber camps of northern New England, es- pecially the camps where spruce for air-planes was being cut. Several thousand laborers were sent from Massachusetts to these various camps. A professional department with a bureau for teachers was or- ganized early in 1919. The professional department undertook to secure engineers and other professional men and to enable men of professional training not directly employed in war industry to secure suitable employment. The Teachers' Bureau attempted both to place teachers in schools throughout New England and to secure for teachers forms of war employment for which their training fitted them. Immediately after the armistice the work of the Employment Service was changed to that of distributing the discharged soldiers and sailors and war workers into industry. Special bureaus for placement of soldiers and sailors were established with the coopera- tion of such organizations as the Young Men's Christian Associa- WAR RECORD 103 tion, Jewish War Relief Board, and the Red Cross, and through these bureaus more than 30,000 discharged soldiers were aided to secure positions. Several bureaus were established at Camp Devens, and under the army regulations every soldier before being discharged was required to register with the Employment Service. Even those who did not desire aid of the service were thus recorded, and in many cases it was found that men who thought they had no need for the service were obliged to call upon it for assistance. At the request of the President of the University, Dean Lord asked to be released from the Employment Service in January, 1919, and again in March, but the Secretary of Labor so strongly urged him to continue during the period of demobilization that he with- drew his request. He continued as Federal Director until July, at which time, feeling that the need for his services was no longer urgent, he insisted that his resignation be accepted. 104 BOSTON UNIVERSITY CHARLES W. WHITING CHARLES W. WHITING (C. B. A. 1916-18) died of wounds in France, September 10, 1918. He was attached to the Signal Corps, Headquarters Company, 308th Infantry. He was cited for bravery and awarded the American Distinguished Service Cross. The citation read as follows: "Private Charles W. Whiting, deceased. Headquarters Company, 308th Infantry. During the advance to the Aisne, September 10, 1918, Private Whiting was a lineman in charge of maintaining com- munication from Barbanvale to Blanzy. The line was under the direct observation of enemy O.P.'s, and had apparently been located as such by their observers, for although it was comparatively safe to walk a short distance away from the road along which the wire ran, the minute anyone approached the line, heavy enemy shell-fire im- mediately opened up. Private Whiting repaired break after break, and despite the fact that each time he started out to locate new trouble enemy one-pounders and field pieces were turned loose on the line, he courageously stuck to his work, manifesting extreme bravery and heroism throughout, until mortally wounded." His mother, Mrs. Annie C. Battles, of Avon, Mass., received from Chaplain Halligan of the 308th Infantry the following letter: "Your letter referring to the death of Private Charles W. Whit- ing of Headquarters Company, 308th Infantry, recently arrived. The notification you received was unfortunately correct. He was wounded while the regiment was engaged at the Vesle River, and died on September 10. "Charles was very well liked by the boys of his company who knew him. He was a good soldier and is numbered among our heroes. His name shall be inscribed on the monument which we propose to erect in France, in commemoration of our noble lads, who have paid their debt of patriotism by the supreme sacrifice. He is buried in the vicinity of the hospital where he died. The place must be near Chateau-Thierry. His grave is registered, and in time the Government intends to return his body to the States. Then you will receive notice. Will you please accept our sincere sympathy in your sorrow. Charles was your son, but our comrade, too. We feel that on this occasion we are privileged to express our sympathy to you, and we pray that God will comfort and console — and one day bring us to a meeting with Charles in eternity." CHARLES W. WHITING WAR RECORD 105 November 9 December 16 to December 23 October January 11 January 21 February 20 March 27 RED CROSS REPORT, 1918-1919 College of Liberal Arts Distribution of 700 Red Cross Brochures, showing work of Boston Metropolitan Chapter. Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call. C. L. A. Aux. (No. 11) worked under Mr. David B. Keniston, Chairman of Ward 7, Red Cross Committee, and got 182 members here in college. 148 had joined at home, so total Red Cross member- ship in C. L. A. totaled 330. 6 Volunteer Workers (Estelle Bradeen, Marion Bradford, Helen Bisbee, Marion Leavitt, Elizabeth Norton, and Marjory Seavey) from this Auxiliary worked in the House to House Campaign under Mrs. Goodhue, Chairman of Ward 8, Red Cross Committee, and collected $25.00. Girls registered and promised to give at least one hour a week for Volunteer Service for the Red Cross. 86 girls joined and declared themselves willing to do Sewing, Addressing, Typewriting, or Knitting. Y. W. C. A. room fitted out for the work. Red Cross, Liberty Loan, and all sorts of War Posters made the room attractive and expressed the spirit of the work done there. Many current magazines such as the Red Cross News and the Y. M. C. A. magazine were kept on the reading-table. Room was open for workers every day, except Saturday, from nine to five. Comfort Kits (Italian). Under the supervision of Miss Dorothy Winston, our Auxiliary filled 300 housewifes with darning needles, common needles, safety-pins, buttons, thread, hooks and eyes. 500 Kits filled. 1377 Kits filled, rolled, placed in large bags, and packed ready for shipment. 8 Volunteer Workers (Estelle Bradeen, Marion Bradford, Helen Cady, Efiie Douglas, Marion Durning, Fannie Morrison, Elsie Norris, and Olive Sylvester) helped in the House to House Campaign for the Boston Dispensary, Baby Hygiene, and District Nursing Association in the Health Cam- paign. 106 BOSTON UNIVERSITY April Several girls (Elsie Norris and Alice Wilson) helped the Home Service Section of the American Red Cross by doing clerical work under the direction of Miss Davis, 755 Boylston Street, Boston. Summary Totals I. Men's Sweaters '18-19 '17-18 Men's Men's Children's Sweaters Socks Sweaters Socks January 2 11 1 January 11 07 January 25 04 February 14 04 April 10 10 1 June 6 03 June 16 08 June 28 07 1 54 and 3.. 57 II. Men's Socks '18-'19 '17-18 January 2 34 January 25. . . .04 February 14 19 April 10 02 17 June 16 06 June 28 02 02 14 and 72 86 III. Children's Sweaters June 1 49 Total 49 IV. Children's Sweaters and Stockings July 1 — September 15 41 Children's Sweaters 41 46 Children's Stockings 46 Totals 57 86 90 46 Men's Men's Children's Sweaters Socks Sweaters Socks WAR RECORD 107 SHERMAN SEAL BROKAW SHERMAN SEAL BROKAW, a member of the class of 1920, College of Business Administration, was drowned in a blizzard on the night of December 12, 1917, while out on volunteer service in a rowboat off the entrance to Boston Harbor, trying to make fast a part of a submarine net. The boat in which Mr. Brokaw and his chum had gone out for duty was lost. Mr. Brokaw's body was not recovered. He was attached to the U. S. S. Shada at the time he was lost. A bronze tablet given to St. Crysostom's Episcopal Church, of WoUaston, Mass., by Ex-Councilman and Mrs. Vernon S. Brokaw, in memory of their son, was dedicated Sunday, February 1, 1920, with special services in the church. The tablet contains, in addition to Sherman Brokaw's name, the names of forty-nine other men and four women of the church who gave their services to their country during the World War. The tablet is surmounted by the seal of the United States of America. On the bottom is the inscription, "Greater love hath no man than this: that a man lay down his life for his friend." 108 BOSTON UNIVERSITY IN MEMORIAM: SHERMAN SEAL BROKAW IN memory of Sherman Seal Brokaw, of the College of Business Administration, Day Division, '20, a member of the naval reserve, who with one of his mates was lost in Boston Harbor as a result of volunteering for extra-hazardous duty during a bliz- zard in December, 1917, a portrait, the gift .of his classmates, was unveiled and presented to the College of Business Administra- tion at a service held Monday, April 15, 1918. The address was given by President L. H. Murlin, who said, in part, as reported in the Boston University News for Tuesday, April 23,1918: "It is hard for me to speak of any one of our students as an individual, but I should like to tell you the things that I believe Brokaw would say if he were standing in my place today." President Murlin then said that to Brokaw death was not the greatest sacrifice; he had already made that before he paid the last full measure. The great sacrifice came when he made up his mind to give himself body and soul to the service of his country — when he made ready to leave his home, friends, school, and all the promise of the future. After that nothing mattered. Death no longer was an accident; it became an incident. "I have talked with a clergyman who had visited army camps," said President Murlin, "and he talked to them of what the future might hold for them. Then one of the soldiers, in a truly democratic manner, told him to 'can that stuff; we 're not worrying about the future.' "A democracy is as strong as the weakest individual. It is therefore not an easy thing to live for one's country. It is hard to live in such a way that we may make ourselves worthy of the sacri- fices men like Brokaw are making for us. To be worthy members of a democracy each individual must keep body, soul, and spirit in the best possible condition. Live worthily — that is the message that Brokaw would wish to give you if he were here." Horace G. Thacker, president of the class, presented the picture, draped with an American flag. Mr. Thacker narrated the heroic manner in which Brokaw met his death. He expressed the hope that the picture would serve as a memorial and as an inspiration to future students. Dean Everett W. Lord accepted the gift for the college. He SHERMAN SEAL B R O K A W WAR RECORD 109 promised that the memorial should remain where future students may see it and be inspired by its significance. He paid a tribute to Brokaw as a representative of all the students of the University who have entered the service; it was his special privilege to be the first to die, and his picture will inspire others with his spirit. Bishop C. Hunt recited Philip Nolan's apostrophe to the flag, from Edward Everett Hale's "A Man Without a Country," and an original and anonymous poem written especially for the occa- sion. The poem, which was printed in the Boston University News for April 23, 1918, follows: Spring comes and with it stir the primal joys Of rushing brooks, song birds, and bursting buds, Frogs piping in the meadows, and the smell Of new-turned earth. Who would not be alive When Massachusetts bids the snows be gone. Mirrors the fleecy clouds in her blue lakes. And hurries forward to the bursting rose? The green, gray roller on the sandy beach! The checkered sunlight of the Berkshire Hills! Ah youth! is it not brave to be alive? Is it not passing brave, still to be young. And see, and hear, and smell that life is good? Night black and cold; a sleety, winter wind Whipped stinging spray across the vessel's deck, Men fought the primal forces as men fought Down the long ringing ages, and must fight Up through the future to the bright day-star. A tangled rudder in a heaving sea, A young man's task to answer duty's call, A young man's life gone in an icy sea. Never for him the springtime and the song, Never for him the blue of summer days. Never for him the joy of coming home. And though at last the thunder of the war Is hushed in peace, and all the earth is healed. His golden bowl is broken and the brine Has glazed his sight. What means for him the shout That greets our boys rejoicing home from France? Does peace mean rest for him who is at rest? Where 's the reward for him who gave his all ? Ah! still we know the Eternal Will is good, And not unmarked does the lone sparrow fall. In God's great love we leave our comrade's fate. 110 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Is it not written large that God is good? But you who have the beauty of your lives And all the joy of life and youth and spring, Like some lone traveler wandering in the dark, Groping with doubtful steps his doubtful path. Who sudden sees a light stab through the night And glisten all along his destined path, So may you in this comrade's life behold A beacon and a light by which to steer. The service closed with the singing of "Keep the Home Fires Burning," Professor H. Augustine Smith singing the verses and the students joining in the chorus. r WAR EMERGENCY COURSES IN BUSINESS 1917-1918 AFTER the announcement of the break with Germany, followed by the announcement of the draft, business organizations, large and small, faced the situation of labor shortage. Important and unimportant positions had to be filled immediately. Assuming that many promotions would be made, it was evident that there would be an unusually large number of vacancies in minor posi- tions. Inexperienced help would predominate. The educational institutions of the country had been laying great stress upon intensive training in military matters, but it was now evident that if the country was to emerge from the world war victorious, business must receive as much attention as military preparation. It remained for Boston University to aid in solving one of the biggest problems which would confront business execu- tives within the next few months. Under the direction of T. Lawrence Davis, who was then Secretary of the College of Business Administration, a war emergency division was organized. Without charge for tuition, this special department of the College of Business Administration offered a program of study covering eight weeks of intensive training in elementary office routine, including the rudiments of subjects that the young office assistant would find necessary. In the first session, eight hundred young women were enrolled, one section meeting in the afternoon, the other in the evening. WAR RECORD 111 The work began with lectures in commercial English — in con- nection with which there were many practical exercises. The great task of correcting the papers was undertaken by members of the College Club of Boston, who graciously volunteered their services. The general courses included work in the elements of commercial law, especially contracts and agencies, the practical side of banking, office organization, filing, accounting, and secretarial practice. These subjects were presented by faculty members and outside lecturers. The "Davis Secretarial Series," compiled by the director, was used as a home study text. One class, numbering over two hundred, became proficient in the operation of calculating machines. The Monroe Calculating Machine Company of New York loaned many of its machines and furnished a corps of instructors. The first classes were held during the hot summer weeks of 1917, yet the attendance was large and unusually regular. The second war emergency classes were organized during the spring of 1918. These classes were open to both men and women. Commenting on this work of Boston University, the Boston Record stated in its editorial columns: "This is specific, practical, necessary war efficiency work. The nation is doing its utmost to train young men in the duty of military service. Already our army is about four times as large as it was when we entered the war. But behind all this there will be gaps that must be filled, — countless clerical and office positions, the efficient conduct of which is essential to national preparedness and national eflFective- ness. Our schools and colleges have a clear duty to the nation in this matter. Boston University is meeting that duty finely." r BOSTON UNIVERSITY POST 43, AMERICAN LEGION Warren H. Hussey [Warren H. Hussey is Adjutant, Post 43, American Legion.] ^ I ^HE American Legion in Boston University had its initial -■- impulse in June, 1919, when fifteen men in the Law School took out a charter as Massachusetts Post 43. As none of them re- turned to college the following September, the post became inactive 112 BOSTON UNIVERSITY and the charter was in danger of being revoked because of lack of interest on the part of the men in the University, many of whom were already members of other posts. Late in October Mr. Ralph L. Power, Librarian at the College of Business Administration, called together all the men interested, from all departments of the University, in an attempt to revive the fast-dying Boston University Post. At this meeting on November 7 the following officers were elected: Ralph L. Power, Commander; Richard M. Millett, Vice-Com- mander; Warren H. Hussey, Adjutant; Emerson J. Pierce, Finance Officer. With this skeleton organization a short drive for members was made, bringing in about sixty-five men from different depart- ments of the University. The greatest difficulty which the post faces is the matter of a meeting place and the meeting time. The local separation of the various departments and schools of Boston University needs no comment, as the American Legion here suffers no more than any interdepartmental organization. Many of the members are night students; the Law School operates on a time schedule different from that of the College of Business Administration; that of the College of Business Administration differs from that of the College of Liberal Arts. However, the men who compose Post 43 feel that there is a very real place for the American Legion in Boston University, and are therefore making the best of a difficult situation. There are three things which the Boston University Post feels it can accomplish for the man in college to a much greater extent than can any other post; of these the most obvious is naturally the social feature, keeping the former service men in touch with one another. Without some such bond the stress of study and college activity would tend inevitably to break the thread of common interest which should hold them together. Then, again, the fact that a man has come back from the service to re-enter school should not bar him from active participation in the American Legion, as is the case with nearly every student who joins a post at home. In a university post such as this he is, on the contrary, able to take a very active interest not only in the Legion at large, but in the Legion in its relation to his particular problems as a student. This fact of having had a practical and active interest in the CAPTAIN PAUL W . B A A D E WAR RECORD 113 Legion since its start will also be of considerable advantage later when the men transfer to their home posts as members familiar with the Legion and its aims and methods, instead of then beginning to acquire interest in the Legion and knowledge of what it stands for. This is perhaps the most vital consideration for the maintenance of a post of the American Legion at Boston University. BOSTON UNIVERSITY R. O. T. C. Paul JV. Baade [Major Paul W. Baade is a graduate of West Point, '11. He has served in the Philippines and in nearly every section of the United States; during the World War he was Lieutenant Colonel of the 322d Infantry, 81st Division, in the Vosges Sector, and in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.] LEADERSHIP, the power to handle men, has always been ' recognized as a big asset for men in any walk of life. The ad- vantage of such training was well known to the Trustees of Boston University, so that they readily were influenced by this fact and by their interest in national welfare to establish the R. O. T. C. in Boston University. The establishment of an Infantry Unit of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps was authorized by the War Department on August 16, 1919, and confirmed by the President on December 23, 1919, in accordance with the authority granted by Congress in an Act of June 3, 1916. Captain (then Lieutenant Colonel) Paul W. Baade was detailed to the University on September 9, 1919, as Professor of Military Science and Tactics, and on September 19, 1919, Ser- geant Major Walter Chamberlain, 1st Sergeant Frank R. Kendrick, and Sergeant Walter Moore were detailed as assistants. Very nearly seven hundred students enrolled at the beginning of the first semester, and showed an excellent spirit under the many adverse circumstances confronting them. For example, the police strike prevented drilling out of doors until weather was too inclem- ent, and furthermore the uniforms did not arrive until well on in the year. However, with the winter the regular, indoor drill in the South Armory commenced, and in the spring the Training Ground on Boston Common, reserved for purposes of drill from pre-Revolu- tionary days, was thrown open to the Unit, which held parades and 114 BOSTON UNIVERSITY other ceremonies there every Friday afternoon. Such progress had been made during the year that the University was recommended to be inspected for the rank of Distinguished University in Military Work. This designation is limited to but fifteen colleges and uni- versities throughout the whole country each year; so that although the University did not attain the coveted honor of the award, it none the less may well be proud of being one of the few to be in- spected. The exceptional results attained in the very first year of military work are largely to be ascribed to the cadet officers, especially those who served during the World War as officers or in the ranks. They put their hearts and souls into the task, and it was due to their con- stant efforts that the organization was rendered practicable and lasting. Nor can the remarkable progress of the band be overlooked, for in one year it sprang from a recruit group into a well rounded and creditable military band. In years to come, as in the past year, this one feature alone will add much to the interest and enjoyment of the student body. In fact, without it the results achieved by the Military Department would be seriously impaired. Although the drills and ceremonies which take place on every Friday afternoon seem to the casual onlooker to be the "big thing in the course," these really form but a small part of the R. O. T. C. curriculum. The course covers a period of four years, and the student who completes the entire schedule will have received a well- grounded knowledge of the following: Personal Hygiene, Camp Sanitation, Minor Tactics, Topography and Map Reading, Signal- ing, Field Engineering, Message Writing, Small Arms Firing, Liaison, Common and Military Law, Military History and Eco- nomics, and all allied subjects. The purpose of the R. O. T. C. at colleges is primarily to prepare intelligent young men for Reserve Officers, so they can better serve their country in case of na- tional emergency; the secondary object is to develop the stu- dent physically, mentally, and morally. It plans to make him an honest, chivalrous American, with plenty of initiative — one who will not shirk responsibility nor hesitate to take deserved blame. In adding this course to the curriculum, the University offers a valuable opportunity for its student body to fit themselves better for the Battle of Life. WAR RECORD 115 Battalion Officers Majors A. V, Zimmerman Captains Lee S. Davis 'J. E. Corcoran S. W. Heath E. C. Heap E. C. Paul W. N. Barbour 0. W. Foss W. F. McDonald First Lieutenants C. L. Goodrich T. K.Liang (Bn.Adjt.) C. S. Robertson L. F. HussEY (Bn. Adjt.) A. Hall C. A. Russell C. F. Fortier P. R. Goodhue E. H. Wilson N. N. Marshman Second Lieutenants A. W. Nelson A. P. Keeler N. S. Trippe W. H. Valentine S. E. Sheppard L. A. Babbitt M. A. Barrett N. P. Hall J. B. Wood H. W. Lyons Bfi/talfon Sergeant Majors R. M. Dean, Jr. H. C. Waters Battalion Supply Sergeants R. C. Crowley G. 0. Jenkins Assistant Band Leader E. A. Bradley First Sergeants E. A. Rich H. P. Rodgers C. W. Toohey H. P. Spinney D. J. Grout D. L. Miller J. R. Peebles G. A. Small R. K. Dexter Sergeant Bugler and Acting First Sergeant H. D. Washburn A. P. Hutchinson W. H. Booth L R. Hobby H. A. Zaremsky E. S. Curtis S. C. Tarrant A. Vetriolo K. E. Leonard R. E. McLeod D. Richardson D. B. Francis Supply Sergeants Sergeants C. M. Dolbeare J. M. Cronin C. D. Kenney N. A. Poole W. C. Hutchinson E.J. Hickey R. P. Tripp J. V. Hickey L. T. Altieri W. J. COLGAN L. E. Weinberg 116 BOSTON UNIVERSITY H. S. Brown Wm. S. Mullen p. a. munroe T. J. FiTZPATRICK N. L. Stone H. R. Claman W. H. WOLFSON P. Richardson E. W. Bunker N. K. Jackson R. P. Colby H. S. Clarke L. Reuben N. H. Austin E. P. Riedy J. F. Scully L. L. GOSSELIN W. J. Brogan T. J. CURRAN F. S. Pauling J. F. MacLean W. E. Parker H. E. Kingman P. T. Adams G. W. King B. F. Davis E. A. Shepard E. A. Lord J. J. Benoit C. B. Hutchins H. G. BowEN R. E. Levenson J. Green J. D. Davis D. C. McDonald K. F. Clarke E. B. Johnnet R. W. Porter C. Buck J. Lawlor J. J. MONAGHAN C. E. McCormick Band Sergeants Corporals Band Corporals Mechanics C. K. Frost F. Lynch W. F. Reilly E. B. Burke H. E. Henderson A. E. Bergeron T. C. Haunton E. H. Gorton J. D. Walsh W. S. Cuthbertson W. W. JODREY C. E. Davis J. F. Hodge H* F. Albiani H. A. Wagner D. N. Sleeper S. Gold G. E. Armstrong M. M. Welling E. L. Purvis J. L. Fenton H. Kerstein K. E. Dowd M. S, Cron C. E. Marston C. G. Fitch H. H. LUDDEN E. W. MiNAHAN, Jr. C. B. Smith R. A. BOARDMAN S. T. Drake B. M. LocKwooD R. S. Gillies E. Halpern B. Fiegar R. H. Brayton S. A. Epstein R. S. Gillies H. T. Courtemanche F. L. Walls J. W. Hanlon R. Grove R. G. Sears WAR RECORD 117 Buglers B. W. Eaton R. K. Wadsworth J. N. McGuiRE C. B. Farrell L. R. Goldstein H. M. Fine J. J. Hyams R. O. T. C. Band Assistant Band Leader E. A. Bradley Sergeant Bugler, Acting First Sergeant H, D. Washburn Band Sergeants E. W. Bunker R. W. Porter C. Buck G. T. Bailey F. W. Balcom R. A. Bettoney C. E. Brown Leo Cirelli Warren Fox B. N. Hanson J. N. Hines A. C. Jordan W. H. King J. H. Leddy A. H. Lord H. L. Macauley Band Corporals Musicians W. S. Cuthbertson H. J. COURTEMANCHE F. L. Walls R. L. MacLeod H. G. Mann H. B. Parker C. F. Pinkham W. B. Prann C. S. QuiMBY W. E. Rich F. E. Ward W. R. White H. W. Young H. MOYNAHAN E. S. FURNISS P. W. Mitchell H. L. WiGGIN A WAR WORK ENDED THE Cercle Frangais of the College of Liberal Arts officially- closed its war work when on December 19, 1919, the records of its Paris charity, L'CEuvre des Petits Blesses, were presented to the college library. The records consist of a history of the charity itself and of the various benevolent activities which helped provide it with funds for its maintenance, the enterprises undertaken in its behalf by the Cercle Frangais, and a very interesting collection of letters from the French soldiers who were guests of the CEuvre during the four years in which it conducted its rest house at 21 Rue Valette, 118 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Paris. These documents have been neatly bound in a portfolio volume, and will form a valuable historical record. The presentation was made at a College Assembly by Miss Angelina Funai, '20, former president of the Cercle. The gift was received by Dean W. M. Warren for the University. Following this ceremony an address was delivered by Captain Andre Morize on certain salient differences between educational institutions of France and those of the United States. Biographical Record WAR RECORD 121 IN MEMORIAM Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori Bangs, Louis S. (C. B. A.) KHled in action, July 23, 1918. Barron, Robert (C. B. A.) Killed atU. S. Flying School, Essington, Penn., Aug. 22, 1917. Berrie, Allyn M. (C. B. A.) Died at U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 6, France, Oct. 9, 1918. Blake, Harold R. (C. L. A.) Died at Mesvres, France. Blanchard, Lucian William (Law) Died, Aug. 16, 1918. Brokaw, Sherman Seal (C. B. A.) Lost at sea, Dec. 13, 1917. Carter, Donald Augustus (C. B. A.) Killed by accident, Sept. 13, 1917. CoLBURN, Warren S. (C. L. A.) Accepted for Plattsburg, but died while waiting to be called. DuNLAP, David Woods (Theol.) Died of pneumonia at Camp Funston, Kan., Nov, 27, 1917. Farnham, J. Horace (C. B. A.) Killed overseas in English Training Camp, April 25, 1918. Griffin, Henry Quimby (C. L. A.) Killed in action at St. Aignan, France, July 18, 1918. Hagensen, Carl Hans (C. B. A.) Died of influenza. Camp Upton, N. Y., Sept. 30, 1918. Kerr, John Conlin (Theol.) Died of pneumonia, Oct. 27, 1918, in France. Lee, Charles Asa (C. B. A.) Died at Governor's Island, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1919. Lynch, Daniel Mark (C. B. A.) Killed by Machine Gun Caisson, overseas, July 11, 1918. Matthews, Milton Alexander (C. B. A.) Killed in action, Chateau-Thierry, July 26, 1918. McCoNNELL, Joseph William (Law) Killed in action at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, 1918. MiGAUCKAS, Thomas J., Jr. (Law) Killed in action at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, 1918. Morse, Fred Bates (C. B. A.) Killed in action at Bouresches, June 6, 1918. O'Connor, Gertrude (C. B. A.) Died on duty as a nurse in France, Feb. 9, 1919. Schumann, Rudolph H. (C. B. A.) Died at Hog Island, Oct. 26, 1918. Shapiro, Reuben (Law) Died in service. May 14, 1918. Sturtevant, Charles Alton (Med.) Died at Camp Devens, Sept. 24, 1918. Whiting, Charles W. (C. B, A.) Killed at Barbanvale, France, Sept. 10, 1918. 122 BOSTON UNIVERSITY TRUSTEES *Blackwell, Alice Stone Gave the old home of Lucy Stone, on Pope's Hill, Dorchester, to be used as a convalescent hospital for men who came back from foreign battlefields invalided. Building loaned for the period of the war and the year to follow. Chenery, William E., '87 Teaching-staiF, Tufts Medical School. Extra lectures and participation in courses of intensive instruction. Ferguson, John Calvin, '86 1917-1918. Committee on Peace Conference. Hughes, Edwin Holt (S. T. B. '92) Sept., 1918. V. Feb. 24, 1919. Y. M. C. A. In charge of Methodist Episcopal Chaplains. Potter, William W. With H. C. Dodge, Incorporated, manufacturing French shells. South Boston. Letter expressing "thanks and heartfelt appreciation for efficient and pa- triotic service in execution of U. S. Government War Contracts." Signed, H. C. Dodge, President. EXECUTIVE STAFF Brown, Ralph Edward Aug. 1, 1918. V. March 15, 1919. Army Song Leader, N. E. Dept., U. S. A. Coast Defense. Portland, Ports- mouth, Boston, New Bedford, Newport, R. I.; Springfield and Watertown Arsenals. HiLLIKER, KaTHERINE ELIZABETH, '13 July 12 — July 26, 1919. Counsellor Y. W. C. A. Camp for Girls. Williams, Alice Theodora Aug. 1, 1918 — March 15, 1919. Secretary to Army Song Leader, N. E. Dept., U. S. A. GRADUATE SCHOOL Allen, Charles Francis Hitchcock, '20 {v. C. L. A.) Bailey, Mervyn Joy, '17 {v. C. L. A. Fac.) Baxter, Harriet Stanton (1916-17) Assistant to Director in Office of Junior Membership Dept., Potomac Div., A. R. C, Washington, D. C. , - Bottomley, Howard, '16 {v. C. L. A.) Brightman, Edgar Sheffield, '12 {v. Theology) Campbell, Clara Dills, '09 Oct. 15, 1917— May 10, 1919. Civilian Relief, A. R. C, France. Case, Alfred John, '08 {v. Theology) Chaffee, John Rufus, '04, '07 {v. C. L. A.) Chapman, James Horton {v. Theology) TFAR RECORD 123 Cheney, Ralph Holt Emerson, '19 {v. C. L, A. Fac.) CoBERN, Camden McCormack, '08 {v. Theology) Curry, Edgar James (1913-17) July, 1918 — April 15, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Boston Dist., N. E. Dept. U. S. N. Training Camp, Hingham, Mass. U. S. N. Detention Training Camp, Deer Island, Mass. Dawson, Joseph, '02 March, 1917 — April, 1919. Defense League of Maryland. DupERTUis, Samuel, '16 Sept. 10, 1917 — Oct. 3, 1918. Y. M. C. A. Interpreter, Paris, Oct., 1917. Secretary in camp near Paris, Nov., 1917, to July, 1918. Field Sec, Paris Div., July to Oct., 1918. *Pre- sented by French Government with a Diploma of Honor, for conspicuous service in organization and conduct of vacation camp for the children of Lille. Elliott, Robert James, '09, '12 (v. Theology) Ferguson, John Calvin, '02 (v. Trustees) Flewelling, Ralph Tyler, '09 {v. Theology) GooLD, Philip Atherton, '11 (v. C. L. A.) Griffin, Orwin Bradford, '17 {v. C. L. A.) Harris, Lynn Harold, '12 Sept. — Dec, 1918. Professor of English, Univ. of Chattanooga. S. A. T. C. instructor. Honeywell, Roy John, '18 June 1, 1918. V. Feb. 5, 1919. Training School for Chaplains, June 1 to July 5, 1918. 1st Lieut., Chaplain, July 5, 1918. Camp Taylor, Ky., June 1 to Aug. 12; Camp Fremont, Calif., Aug. 17 to Oct. 21; Camp Mills, N. Y., Oct. 28 to Nov. 25; Camp Lee, Va., Nov. 27 to Feb. 5, 1919. On duty with 8th Div. Regular Army, Aug., 1918, to Feb., 1919. Hughes, Merritt Yerkes, '16 {v. C. L. A. Fac.) LowD, Emma Fuller, '07 {v. C. L. A.) LuTz, Brenton Reid, '14, '17 (v. C. L. A. Fac) McCoNNELL, Francis John, '99 (v. Theology) McPheeters, William Emmett, '14 {v. Theology) Merrick, Frank Wilbur, '01 {v. Theology) Miller, Russell Benjamin, '03 {v. Theology) Mills, Ernest Lyman, '14 (v. C. L. A.) Palamountain, Joseph Cornwall, '20 ( v. C. L. A. Fac.) Pratt, Arthur Peabody, '09 {v. C. L. A.) Reimer, Azariah Foster, '09 (v. C. L. A.) Reynolds, Marion S., '12 April 2 — Sept. 1, 1917. Secretary, Brockton Chapter A. R. C. RiDEouT, Amos Allan (1913-18) July 1 — Dec 31, 1918. Speaker, U. S. Shipping Board, National Service Section. Roberts, Robert L., '11 (v. Theology) Secrest, Paul Edward, '15 (v. Theology) 124 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Shepherd, Raymond Edwin 1917—1918. F. M. M. Slosser, Gaius Jackson {v. Theology) Smiley, Edmund Lewis, '11 {v. C. L. A.) Sprague, Robert James, '01 {v. C. L. A.) Stinchfield, Ben, '16 (p. C. L. A.) SwARTLEY, Stanley Simpson, '09 {v. Theology) Talbot, Marion, '82 {v. C. L. A.) Thomas, Hayward Stanley, '15 Oct. 10, 1918. Waived exemption. Dec. 4, 1918. Two months in Camp Devens. Placed on the Permanent Personnel of the company. Tillingkast, James Alexander (1912) May 31, 1917 — Jan. 31, 1919. Commanding Officer of U. S. S. Yaw^, station at Nantucket, Mass.; U. S. S. Wisconsin, Virginia; U. S. S. Tucker, Brest, France. U. S. N. R. F. Van Pelt, John Robert, '93 {v. Theology) Van Riper, Benjamin Whitman, '08 Aug., 1917. Y. M. C. A. and Army Educational Corps. One of first ten Y. M. C. A. men to go to Russia. 10th Russian Army on Minsk Front; later, after Bolshe- vik revolution, in central Russian cities. In France, helped in educational work and gave lectures. Voorhees, Edward Newton, '17 June 5, 1918. V. June 16, 1919. U. S. N., Seaman 2d class, June 5 to Nov. 13, 1918. Q. M. 3d class, Feb., 1919. Ensign of the line (D), U. S. N. R. F., June 14, 1919. Great Lakes Naval Training Station, Nov. 13, 1918, to Feb. 10, 1919. Deck School, N. Y., Feb. 10 to April 28, 1919; Pelham Bay, April 28 to June 14. Waights, Gibbs Henry (1918) Sept. 3, 1918. V. Sept. 14, 1918. U. S. A. Chaplains' Training School, Camp Taylor, Ky. White, Gay Charles, '08 (c. Theology) Williams, Horace Blake, '15 Sept. 9, 1918 — Y. M. C. A. Wright, Louis Clinton, '17 {v. Theology) COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS FACULTY Ault, Warren Ortman March 23, 1918. L Nov. 23, 1918. Field Artillery Central Officers' Training School. Sergeant, Med. Dept., May 5, 1918. 2d Lieut., Field Artillery Reserve Corps, Nov. 23, 1918. Fort Andrews, Mass., Fort Strong, Mass., Fort Warren, Mass., Camp Taylor, Ky. 2d Lieut., F. A. R. C. Bailey, Mervyn Joy, '15 Aug. 6, 1918. V. Dec. 7, 1918. WAR RECORD 125 Naval Officers' Training School, Great Lakes and Evanston, 111. Great Lakes, 111., till Oct. 25, 1918. Evanston, 111. (Northwestern University), until Dec. 7, 1918. U. S. N. R. F. Seaman 2d class. Inactive. Baillie, Charles Rutherford, '15 Oct. 1, 1918 — Jan. 1, 1919. Instructor, War Issues. S. A. T. C. Branch, Ernest Williams, '88 June, 1918 — Project Engineer for U. S. Housing Corporation. U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Industrial Housing and Transportation. Quincy Project for housing war workers, chiefly those engaged at Fore River Shipbuilding works in Quincy. Instructor B. U. S. A. T. C, Field Surveying. Brightman, Edgar Sheffield, S. T. B. '10, Ph. D. '12 March, 1918 — Dec, 1918. Captain, Instructor in R. O. T. C, Wesleyan Univ. Taught War Issues and Military Psychology in Wesleyan University S. A. T. C. Censored German newspapers for the Dept. of Justice, 1917-18. Brown, Albert Edmund Nov., 1919. War Camp Community Service — song leader. Bruce, Robert Ernest, '01 Fall of 1918 — Demob, of S. A. T. C. B. U. S. A. T. C. Teacher of required S. A. T. C. work in Mathematics and Surveying. Cameron, Donald July 18, 1918. V. Sept. 16, 1918. Training Camp at Plattsburg, N. Y., established for training S. A. T. C. Instructors. Discharged in the Fall, and assisted in the instruction of the S. A. T. C, giving a course in War Issues. Cheney, Ralph Holt Emerson, '19 Dec, 1917. V. April 4, 1918. Private, Med. Dept. Camp Greenleaf, Fort Oglethorpe, and Washing- ton, D. C. Asst. to Physiologist, Medical Research Laboratory, Hazel- hurst Field, Mineola, L. I., N. Y. Honorably discharged — physical disability. Clark, Lotta A. June, 1917. Wrote War Camp Community Pageant. *Collins, Harold Ebert 2d Lieut., Heavy (coast) Artillery. Instructor in Gunnery, Coast Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va. Relieved from service Dec. 1, 1919. Emerson, George Berry Gave course in Physical Instruction to S. A. T. C. students at Boston Univ. Hughes, Merritt Yerkes, '15 July 13, 1918. V. July 23, 1919. Member of the Corps of Intelligence Police with rank of Sergeant of Infantry; stationed in London, July 13, 1918 — March 1, 1919. Attached to the Sorbonne Detachment, Army Educational Commission, Paris, France, March 1— July 1, 1919. 126 BOSTON UNIVERSITY HusE, Charles Phillips Oct. 1,1918 — Dec. 31, 1918. Taught men of S. A. T. C. at B. U. in course on War Issues. LuTZ, Brenton Reid, '13 Jan. 28, 1918. I. July 23, 1919. Med. Dept., Med. Research Lab., Mineola, L. I., N. Y. 1st Lieut., Sanitary Corps, March 16, 1918, Dept. of Physiology, Med. Research Lab., Mineola, L. L, N. Y. Marshall, John Patton Feb. 1, 1918. Musical Aide to Commanding Officer Boston Coast Defenses. Musical Aide to Commanding General, Northeastern Dept., May 1, 1918. Commissioned Captain, U. S. A., May 16, 1919. Director of Camp Music. Mode, Elmer Beneken, *15 On duty with Co. A, 15th Regt., M. S. G., during police strike. Palamountain, Joseph Cornwall, '15 April 30, 1918. V. July 22, 1919. Sergeant, Corps of Interpreters, 29th Div., Camp McClellan, Ala., and Camp Mills, L. I. Overseas, July 4, 1918 — July 13, 1919. Reserve in St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Pars'ons, John Langdon Oct., 1917— March, 1918. Research in Gas Offensive at Mass. Institute of Technology. Preparation of poison gas to be used for physiological and other tests by the Bureau of Mines. Perrin, Marshall Livingston March, 1918 — June, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Sent by Eastern Division leaders to camps from Camp Upton, N, Y., to Portland, Me., to give talks on religious educational themes or educational and travel talks, or to conduct services and entertainments. Rice, Alexander Hamilton 1917-18. Interpreter, Intelligence Dept., U. S. A. Taylor, Ralph Wesley, '11 Secretary, Medfield, Mass., Committee on Food Production. Scout Master, Medfield Troop, Boy Scouts. Waxman, Samuel Montefiore May 1, 1918 — Jan. 1, 1919. Solicitor, U. S. Post-office Dept. Had charge of examining all foreign periodicals published in the U. S. and territorial possessions during time of war. Examination especially of Porto Rican newspapers and translation of articles which were disloyal to U. S. Prepared, under auspices of Bureau of Education and American Library Association, a bibliography in form of a his- torical sketch, entitled "France and Her Glorious History." Intended as the first of a series of "After War Time Reading Lists." Weysse, Arthur Wisswald Nov.9, 1918 — April 1,1919. Volunteer Medical Service Corps. WAR RECORD 127 MILITARY Allen, Charles Francis Hitchcock, '19 Oct, 4, 1917. D. Dec. 20, 1918. Batt. A, 301st F. A., Camp Devens, Mass. Gas Defense Service, Wash- ington, D. C; Philadelphia; Cleveland, Ohio. Chemical Warfare Service, Cleveland, Ohio. Gassed March 20, 1918. Andem, Ralph Taylor, '14 June 22, 1918. V. Dec. 18, 1918. Senior Chaplain, Boston Harbor, Coast Art. Chaplain, 33d Regt., C. A. C, Camp Eustis, Va. *Anderson, George Dana Reserve Flying Corps. Anderson, Harold Whidden (1907-10) June 5, 1917. V. April 29, 1919. Mass. Volunteer Militia, 1912. 101st Field Signal Battalion. Sergeant 1st class, Aug., 1917. Overseas, Sept., 1917. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Marne-Aisne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Anderson, John H. (1906-07) Aug., 1917. V. Nov. 25, 1917. 1st Lieut., Med. Corps. Eye and Ear Surgeon, Base Hospital, Fort Sill, Okla., two months; Benj. Harrison, Ind,, one month. Arnold, Ray Dearborn (1916) July 24, 1918. D. Jan. 23, 1919. Intelligence Dept., U. S. A. Private, ISlst Depot Brigade, Camp Devens. Sergeant, Interpreter, 12th Div. Intelligence Office, Camp Devens. Aronson, Israel Isaac (1915-17) June 11, 1917. V. Feb. 1, 1919. Seaman 2d class, U. S. N. R. F. Aviation School, M. I. T, Naval Air Station, Hampton Roads, Va.; Pensacola, Fla. Ensign Aviator, Aug. 5, 1918. War Zone Service, Aug. 10, 1918, to Feb. 1, 1919. Naval Air Station, Cape May, N. J. Atwood, Edward Vincent, '16 Aug. 28, 1918 — Dec. 28, 1918. Inspection Service, Explosive Section, Ordnance Dept., U. S. A. Beloeil, Canada, as Chemical Inspector. Ayres, Leonard Porter, '02 March 11, 1918. Commissioned. Lieut. Colonel, Chief Statistical Officer, War Dept., Washington, D. C. Chief Statistical Officer, G. H. Q., France. Colonel, member of General Staff, Washington, D. C. Chief Statistical Officer of American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Paris, December, 1918, to May, 1919. Distinguished Serv- ice Medal. Colonel, General Staff, Chief Statistics Branch, Washington, D. C. Baker, Leroy S. (1917-18) Oct. 24, 1918. V. Dec. 24, 1918. Bugler, Fort Preble. Musician 3d class, 2d C. A. C. Band, Fort Williams. Bean, Paul Haley (1916-17) June 19, 1918. V. Jan. 9, 1919. Landsman for Quartermaster in Naval Aviation, U. S. N. R. F. Q. M. 2d class, Dec. 1, 1918. Charleston, S. C; Hampton Roads, Va. 128 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Blackett, Charles Wesley, Jr., '15 Dec, 1917. V. Dec, 1918. U. S. R. M. C. Student at Harvard Medical School. Hospital Apprentice. M. D. Harvard, 1919. Intern at Boston City Hospital. *Blackwood, Oswald, '09 Corporal, Co. C, 311th Field Signal Battalion, A. E. F., France. Blaisdell, George B. (1911-12) June 6, 1917. V. Dec. 6, 1918. 1st Lieut., Dental Corps. Entire service at Camp Devens. *Blake, Harold R. (1914-15) Sept., 1917. Died March 19, 1919. Base Hospital No. 44 (Homeopathic Hospital Unit). Camp Dix, three months; Mesvres, France, three months. Appointed Corporal while in France. Died at Mesvres, France. Bond, Edward H. (1916) May 12, 1917. V. Feb. 15, 1919. Candidate, Officers' Training Camp, Plattsburg, N. Y. 2d Lieut., Inf., Nov. 27, 1917, Camp Devens, Mass. 1st Lieut., Inf., Aug. 24, 1918, Camp Devens, Mass. BOTTOMLEY, HoWARD, '15 Sept. 21, 1917. D. Jan. 18, 1919. Private, Corporal, Sergeant, Battalion Supply Sergeant, Battalion Sergeant Major, 302d Machine Gun Battalion, 76th Div., Camp Devens. France, July, 1918, to January, 1919. Six months'overseas training in replacement work. BoYAjiAN, DicKiAN Harovtune (1916-17) April, 1917. V. April, 1919. With Armenian volunteers in French Army, Island of Cyprus eight months. Secretary to French Doctor in Ambulance Service. Gen. Allenby's Offen- sive against Turks in 1918. Brandt, John Willard, '12 Sept. 7, 1917. D. Sept. 13, 1919. Private, Batt. E, 309th F. A., 78th Div., Camp Dix, N. J., Corporal, Jan. 4, 1918. Sergeant, March 9, 1918. Overseas, May 26, 1918. St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Brant, Austin Trafton, '04 Sept. 12, 1918. V. Commissioned Lieutenant (junior grade) in U. S. N. R. F. Med. Corps. "Waiting orders list." Bromberg, Justin Livingston (1912-13) Dec 10, 1917. V. Feb. 9, 1919, Three and one-half months at Forts Warren and Heath, Boston Harbor. Hdqrs. Co., 55th Artillery, C. A. C, Enlisted at Fort W'arren as Private, 7th Co., C. A. C. Transferred to Batt. C, 55th Artillery, C. A. C, as Cor- poral, Dec. 26, 1917. Overseas, March 26, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs., 3d Army Corps, as Master Gunner, Aug. 3, 1918. 2d Battle of the Marne (Ourcq), Argonne-Meuse Offensive. Bullen, Osborne Warwick (1915-16) Sept. 20, 1917. D. May 16, 1919. 301st Infantry, Camp Devens. Sergeant, 302d F. A. Third O. T. C, Camp WAR RECORD 129 Devens, Jan. 1, 1918. 2d Lieut., June 1, 1918. Saumur Artillery School, Aug. 26, 1918. 305th F. A., 77th Div,, Blauzy, France, Sept. 26, 1918. Oise-Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed Oct. 14; Vichy Hospital. Cited by Commanding General of 77th Div. in Gen. Orders No. 10. Burgess, Urban P. (1909-10) Sept. 19, 1917. D. May 25, 1919. Camp Devens four months; overseas fourteen months; 32d Div. Engineers. Alsace-Lorraine, Aisne-Marne, and Argonne-Meuse. Shelled and gassed. BURLINGAME, AONES, '14 July 26, 1918. U. S. N. Cable Censorship. Translator of cables and other communications. Interpreter; also engaged in research work pertaining to censorship. Yeoman (F) 1st class. Burt, Walter Frederick, '09 May 25, 1918. V. Signal Corps, Bureau of Aircraft Production, Bureau of Military Aeronautics, Air Service. Private, Sergeant, Sergeant 1st class. Master Signal Elec- trician, Air Service, Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. BusiEK, Kurt George, '14 • Oct. 15, 1918 — Dec. 7, 1918. Field Artillery Officers' Training School. Cahoon, George Winthrop (1906-07) Sept. 20, 1917. D. Jan. 8, 1919. 320th Inf., Camp Lee, Va., Private, Corporal. 3d O. T. C, Camp Lee, Va., Jan. 5, 1918. 2d Lieut., Batt. B, 12th Bn., F. A. R. D., Camp Jackson, June 1, 1918. School of Fire, Fort Sill, Okla., June 1, 1918. School for Aerial Observers, Post Field, Fort Sill. *Campbell, Frederic Weir (Ex-'13) 1st Sergeant, 101st Engrs., A. E. F., France. Carleton, Ralph Kimball, '19 Dec. 12,1917. V. Jan. 29, 1919. American Univer. Experiment Station, Washington, D. C. Control Lab- oratory, Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 17, 1918. Research Laboratory, Nelu Park, Cleveland, Ohio, May 18, 1918. Carret, Philip L. July 7, 1917. Air Service. School Military Aeronautics, M. I. T. Various flying and gunnery schools in France. Flying Cadet at S. M. A., M. I. T., to Oct. 6, 1917. At Tours, France, Nov. 17, 1917; Issoudun, France, April 22, 1918. 1st Lieut., flying, A. S. A., June 5, 1918. At Cazaux, France, July 1 to Aug. 13; Vinets-sur-Aabe, Sept. 15, 1918; Bordeaux, France, Jan. 1, 1919. Reached New York March 2, 1919. Chenery, Frederick Lincoln, Jr. (1916) Jan. 2, 1918. V. 1st Lieut., M. R. C, U. S. A. Surgeon and Physician, Central Maine Gen. Hospital, Lewiston, Me. Chicoine, Victor Bruno (1917-20) Sept. 30, 1918. I. Dec. 11, 1918. Recruit at Fort Slocum, N. Y. 130 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Claiborne, John Frederick (1917-19) Oct. 1,1918. V. Dec. 21, 1918. Private, S. A. T. C, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla. Clark, James Frederick Wright, '16 Nov. 11, 1917. V. Nov. 12, 1918. Hospital Apprentice 1st class, U. S. N. R. F., attached to Volunteer Hospital, Harvard Naval Unit. Service at Medical School only. Clarke, Vincent Packard (1915-17) May 20, 1918. V. Dec. 28, 1918. Newport Naval Training Station, Newport, R. I. Naval operating base, Hampton Roads, Va. Two trips to France on U. S. S. Georgia, as convoy. Clough, Francis Edgar (1897-98) Aug. 19, 1918. V. March 15, 1919. Captain, Med. Corps, Camp Grant, 111. In charge of all fracture work at Camp Grant, and all bone cases returning from overseas to Camp Grant. *CoLBURN, Warren S. May 7, 1917. V. Passed examination. Accepted for Plattsburg, but died while waiting to be called. *CoLBY, John Kingsbury, '20 Plattsburg, July, 1918. Cole, Harold Moon (1915-16) April 20, 1917. V. Seaman 2d class, N. C. D. R. F. Transferred to Naval Reserves, July, 1917. Seaman 1st class, July, 1918. Ensign 3d class, Dec. 28, 1918. Ensign 2d class, Feb. 15, 1919. Philadelphia and Great Lakes. CoNANT, Stanley Frost (1911-13) Sept. 20, 1917. D. Nov. 23, 1918. Camp Devens, Mass. Private, Corporal, and Sergeant. Officer Candidate, Camp Lee, Va., Oct. 15, 1918. Cooper, Orris Vadabrice (1918-19) July 30, 1918. D. Oct. 30, 1918. 165th D. B., Camp Travis, Tex. Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Ky., Aug. 22. Drummer, 184th Pioneer Infantry Band. CoRLEY, Joseph Warren (1916-17) Dec, 1917. V. June 26, 1918. First Army, A. E. F., June to Nov. 11, 1918. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. A. O., Germany, until April, 1919. Coy, Edward Lemuel (1919) May 16, 1917 — July 9, 1919. Hospital Corps, Post Hospital, Fort Ethan Allen. Base Hospital, Camp Devens, Sept. 1, 1917. Corporal. Crocker, William Ellery (1916-17) Sergeant 1st class, Air Service. Discharged May 2, 1919. Crosby, Irving Ballard (1912-13) March 6, 1918. V. Dec. 14, 1918. Signal Corps Training School, Burlington, Vt., March to Aug., 1918. Entered as Private 1st class, June; instructor, July and Aug. Transferred to WAR RECORD 131 Chemical Warfare Service, and stationed at a laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. to Oct.; stationed in a poison gas factory Oct. till discharge. CuRRiE, John Patterson (1917-20) June 5, 1918 — Oct. 19, 1918. United States Shipping Board, Boston Dredging Co. Engineer on a Govern- ment launch; stationed in Boston Harbor. Currier, Francis Morton (1918-19) July 29, 1918. I. Dec. 21, 1919. Private, Infantry. Unassigned. Syracuse Recruit Camp, Syracuse, N. Y. State War and Navy Building, Washington, D. C, Nov. 8 to Dec. 21. Deming, Wilbur Stone (1908-10) May 27, 1918. V. Nov. 30, 1918. Camp Upton, N. Y. OiBcers' Training School. 2d Lieut., Infantry, Nov. 30,1 91 8. Doyle, James Webster (1917-18) July 18, 1918. V. Dec. 31, 1918. 2d Lieut., Field Artillery, after two months at Plattsburg, N. Y.; Camp Zachary Taylor, Sept. 15, for training and study in F. A. C. O. T. S. Com- pleted course and was attached to headquarters. Easton, Arthur Wellington Inf. U. S. A. Discharged April 1, 1919, with rank of First Sergeant. Evans, Vernon Wynne, '17 Oct. 4, 1917. I. Jan. 31, 1919. Sergeant, F. A., Dec, 1917. 2d Lieut., F. A., Aug. 1, 1918. 1st Lieut., F. A., March 31, 1919. Graduate Saumur Artillery School, France. Graduate 3d Officers' Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Torpedoed while crossing the Atlantic in May, 1918. 82d Division. Falconer, Ernest William, '20 Oct. 4, 1917. D. Feb. 21, 1919. Corporal, Camp Devens, Nov. 12, 1917. Overseas, July 18, 1918. Ser- geant, Aug. 1, 1918. Instructor in Browning and Chauchat Automatic Rifles. O. T. S., La Valbonne, Oct. 17, 1918. Le Mans, Dec. 13, 1918; Conlie, Dec. 15-28, 1918; Brest, Dec. 28 to Jan. 12, 1919; New York, Jan, 21, 1919; Fort Leavenworth, Kan., Jan. 24, 1919. Farley, James Stanilaus, '18 Nov. 8, 1918. V. Recruit, Camp Shelby, Miss. Sergeant, Feb. 13, 1919. Headquarters Per- sonnel Staff of the Overseas Convalescent Center, Camp Shelby. *Farrell, Gabriel Chaplain and Morale Officer, 14th Inf., Camp Grant. Fernald, Edward Langdon (1909-10) April 26, 1918. D. March 20, 1919. Private, Inf., Replacement, Camp Grant, 111. Med. Corps, Orthopedic Dispensary, July, 1918. Q. M. C, Utilities Dept., Oct. 15, 1918. Originally attached to 86th Div., but failed to pass physically for overseas. Severely in- jured in ambulance accident, Dec. 3, 1918. Flanders, Benjamin Alvah, '16 June 4, 1917. V. Dec. 30, 1918. U. S. N. R. F. Played in Newport Naval Band until 1918. Commissioned Ensign, Aug. 1, 1918. 132 BOSTON UNIVERSITY *Flanders, Edwin Daniel (1912-13) U. S. N. R. Newport, R. I. — Band. Fletcher, William Russell (1914-16) Aug. 20, 1917. V. Feb. 5, 1919. Engineering Officer in Flying at Chanute Field, Rantoul, 111. Student, Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio. Overseas service of eight months. Paris as engineering officer, on airplanes. Air Service Production Center, Romor- antin, France. 1st Lieut., Air Service. *FosTER, William Harold, '14 Volunteer Naval Reserve Service. Fowler, Earl Cranton (1914—17) Feb. 11, 1918. V. Dec. 3, 1918. U. S. Naval Aviation Corps. Statistical work in N. A. C, Charleston, S, C. Released by order of Admiral to act as Secretary for Charleston Co., S. C, in 4th Liberty Loan, and as Secretary of Auditor's Committee. Fuller, Edmund James (1912-13) April 20, 1917. V. Nov. 1, 1917 (physical disability). Studied aircraft construction. Machinist's Mate, 2d class. U. S. N. R. F. At Squantum, Mass.; Bumkin Island, Boston Harbor; Pensacola, Fla. ■^Fuller, John Eastman, '14 Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. Ganley, Edward Henry (1912-13) June 7, 1918. V. 1st Lieut., Med. Corps. Tuberculosis Examiner, B. H. No. 16, New Haven, Conn.; Syracuse Recruit Camp, N. Y.; Ward Surgeon, U. S. Hospital No. 8, Otisville, N. Y. Geist, Frederick Denkman (1917) Sept. 24, 1917. D. Dec. 11, 1918. Honorably discharged as Private, National Army, Oct. 12, 1917. Enlisted as Private in Medical Enlisted Reserve Corps, Oct. 12, 1917. Glover, John Lamson (1914—16) July 9, 1918. V. Dec. 27, 1918. Harvard R. O. T. C. Private, Medical Enlisted Reserve Corps. Goodhue, Charles Edward, Jr., '17 June 12, 1917. V. Dec. 26, 1918. Chief Yeoman, N. R., Harvard Univ. Baker Yacht Basin, Cost Inspector, July 28, 1917. Ensign, Sept. 26, 1917. Supply Office, 1st Naval District and Boston Navy Yard. Goodwin, Charles Alfred, '15 Oct. 5, 1917. D. April 10, 1919. Sergeant, May, 1918. 2d Lieut., Nov. 11, 1918. Camp Devens. Blois, France, Jan. 20, 1918, establishing hospital. Office of Base Surgeon, Bor- deaux, France, Feb. 8, 1919. Green, Milo Chester, '12 May, 1917. V. April 30, 1919. Surgeon on a mobile operating team in A. E. F., France, at Evacuation Hospitals Nos. 7, 15, 10, and 110, during Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and Argonne Forest drives. B. H. No. 44, Pougues-les-Eaux, Mesvres Hospital. 1st Lieut., Med. Corps. WAR RECORD 133 Greenleaf, Herrick Ernest Herbert, '16 Sept. 23, 1918. V. Nov. 30, 1918. State Guard, six months. O. T. S., Field Artillery, Camp Taylor, Ky. Course uncompleted. Greenan, James Owen, '08 April 10, 1918. V. About May 1, 1919. Fort Douglas, Utah. 27th Engrs., Camp Meade, May, 1918. Corporal, Camp Meade and Camp Leach, Washington, D. C. 2d Lieut., July 9, 1918. 4th E. O. T. C, Camp Humphreys and Camp Lee. France, Sept. 15, 1918. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Member Mines Section, Engineering Div., Amer- ican Commission to Negotiate Peace. Examined principal iron mines of France, and reported on damage done by Germans. *Griffin, Henry Quinby (1914-15) May, 1917. V. Killed in action, July 18, 1918. 2d Lieut., Madison Barracks, Aug., 1917; Co. B, 28th Div., Camp Hancock, Ga. Certificate as Instructor in Physical Training and Bayonet. Killed in first engagement at St. Aignan, leading his platoon to advanced position, and within twenty yards of enemy machine-gun nest. Cited for bravery; awarded D. S. C. by General Pershing. Griffin, William Francis, Jr., '11 June 28, 1918. D. Nov. 23, 1918. Personnel work. Camp Hdqrs., Camp Dix, N. J. Inf., C. O. T. S., Camp Lee, Va., Oct., 1918. Grimes, Henry Holbrook (1907-10) Dec. 8, 1917. V, Dec. 4, 1918 (inactive duty). U. S. N. R. F. Yeoman 2d class. Recruiting Office, Great Lakes. Clothing Yeoman, outgoing camp. Hallowell, Henry C. (o. C. B. A.) Harrington, Arthur Clark, '09 Sept. 21, 1917. D. Nov. 7, 1918. Mess Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1917, O. T. C, Camp Devens. 2d Lieut., Inf., June 1, 1918. Inf. Replacement Camp, Camp Gordon, Ga., April, 1918; MacArthur, Tex., July, 1918. In command of Recruit Company from Oct., 1918. Harris, Gilbert Munday (1908-09) May 27, 1918. D. July 12, 1919. Corporal, 132d Engrs. Overseas, July, 1918. St. Armand to St. Aignan, July 17-Aug. 4, 1918; St. Aignan, Aug. 4, 1918-June 19, 1919. Hartwell, Herbert Francis, '03 Supply Officer, 104th Inf., 26th Div. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Transferred to Liaison service, S. O. S., May, 1918. Served as Agent de Li- aison, 6tat Major 20"^^ Corps d'Armes from June 5, 1918, to May 5, 1919. Citation for meritorious service in capture of three German aviators. Dec- orated with the Legion of Honor, in conformity with ministerial letter, by General Paulinier. Captain at Camp Devens. Haskell, Robert Randall, '19 Oct. 31, 1918. V. Feb. 1, 1919. F. A. C. O. T. S., Camp Taylor, Ky. Candidate at Field Artillery Officers' Training School. 2d Lieut., F. A. R. C, Feb. 1, 1919. 134 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Hastings, Wilson Henry, '17 Dec. 17, 1917. V. Dec. 12, 1918. Private, Medical Enlisted Reserve Corps. Active duty, Oct. to Dec, 1918. Haszard, Frank Kellogg (1913-14) July 8, 1918. V. Jan. 17, 1919. Chief Yeoman. Office Manager of Aircraft Div., Bureau of Construction and Repair, Navy Dept., Washington, D. C. Hatch, Russell Taylor, '10 May 21, 1917. V. Feb. 28, 1919. Five years' previous service in First Corps Cadets, Mass. Nat. Guard. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg. Captain, Inf., Aug. 15, 1917. 151st Depot Brigade, Camp Devens. Major, Aug. 23, 1918. Established and commanded non-commis- sioned Officers' Training Battalion at Camp Devens, in collaboration with Maj. E. F. Harding. Hearn, Ralph Gardner (1915-18) Dec. 6, 1917. V. Dec. 31, 1918. Cadet, U. S. S. M. A., Princeton, N. J. Private, 340th Aero Squadron, Garden City, L. I., N. Y. Corporal, Dec. 4, 1918. Sergeant 1st class, Dec. 26, 1918. Henderson, Homer Watson (1918-20) Aug. 10, 1918. V. Jan. 6, 1919. Med. Corps, Pittsburgh, Pa. Corporal, Dec. 7, 1918. Clerical Dept. at hospital. Hennessy, William Francis George, '16 July 2, 1917. V. July 30, 1919. Ambulance Co., Fort Ethan Allen, Vt. Camp Infirmary, Garden City, L. I., Nov. 2, 1917. 117th Aero Squadron. Winchester, England, Dec. 17, 1917. Returned to N. Y. Feb. 13, 1918, on special duty. Returned to England and France March 12, 1918. Stationed at Liverpool until Feb. 17, 1919. Stationed in Dartford, Kent, until March, 1919. Sent to Savenay, France. Returned to U. S. July 24, 1919. Sergeant 1st class, Nov., 1918. Hinchliffe, Paul Edwin (1915-19) Nov. 11, 1918. V. Feb. 21, 1919. Private, American Forestry Regt. Overseas duty for six months in Scot- land. Honorably discharged as result of accident. Commissioned Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. Hopkins, Ralph Harrison, '14 {v. Med.) HussEY, Roland Dennis (1919-20) June 19, 1917. V. April 29, 1919. Private, Co. C, 8th Mass. (N. G.) Inf. Private, Co. C, 103d M. G. Bn., 26th Div., Sept. 21, 1917. Overseas, Oct. 2, 1917. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Marne-Aisne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Nine months at Front as Messenger Carrier. HussEY, Warren Hancock (1916-17) Nov. 30, 1917. V. June 17, 1919. Private 1st class, Camp Devens, April 22, 1918. Overseas with 25th and 33d Engrs., May 10, 1918, to June 1, 1919. WAR RECORD 135 Jackson, Henry Randolph (1917-18, 1919-20) Aug. 2, 1918. I. Dec. 6, 1918. Trained at Camp Upton, N. J. Jeffers, Leon Henry (1911-12) Aug. 23, 1917. V. Feb. 11, 1919. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg. Enlisted in U. S. N. R. F. as Seaman 2d class. Newport, Fairhaven, and Nantucket, Mass. Quartermaster Dept. in Naval Aviation, Charleston, S. C. Jones, Frederick Dana (1911-13) Dec. 12, 1917. V. Hingham, Mass.; Wakefield; Bumkin Island; Pelham Bay Park; New London, Conn. Overseas duty, June 27, 1918. Kirknell, Orkney Islands. Quartermaster 1st class. Kennison, George P. Oct. 15, 1917. V. April 29, 1919. Army, Mechanical Service, Oct. 15, 1917. Nine months' service as phar- macist in different forts of Boston Harbor. Overseas with Artillery, 26th Div. Kidder, Harold Russell (1916-18) Feb. 7, 1918. V. Sept. 27, 1919. Private 1st class. Army, Troop L, 14th Cav., Nov., 1918. Fort Slocum, N. Y.; Fort Mcintosh, Fort Sam Houston, Camp Stanley, Camp Travis, and New Braunfels, Tex. Detached service — engineering. Knight, Frederic Butterfield, '13 June 18, 1918. I. Jan. 30, 1919. Sergeant, Med. Corps, Post Hospital, Plattsburg. Leary, Joseph Anthony, '16 June 10, 1918. V. June 5, 1919. U. S. N. R. F. Hingham; Bumkin Island; Boston Navy Yard; Pelham Bay; Officer-Mat. School, Princeton Univ.; Officer-Mat. School, Univ. of Penn.; 1st Naval District. Rank of Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. (Pay Corps). *Leitch, Merrill Elliott (1915-17) Federal Service. Leman, Albert Norcross (1915-18) May 18, 1918. V. July 8, 1919. Trained with Harvard R. O. T. C. Sergeant, U. S. Amb. Corps, 34th Co.; 7th Sanitary Train. Located in England, France, Germany. Evacuation Hospital No. 11; Camp Hospital No. 101. St. Mihiel, Meuse, and Argonne. Lermond, Guy Kenneth (1915-17) May 22, 1917. V. Feb., 1919. 102d F. H. W., 26th Div., July 25, 1917. Discharged, due to automobile accident, Aug. 18, 1917. Drafted, Camp Devens, Aug. 28, 1918. Non- Com. School, Camp Lee, Va. Sergeant. *Lindquist, Wilbert Gustavus Adolphus, '15 Ordnance Dept. Lombardi, Louis, '20 Nov. 7, 1917. V. Feb. 12, 1919. Harvard Ensign School, Feb. 18, 1918. Ensign, U. S. N. R. F., June 6, 1918. U. S. S. Orizaba, troop transport, June 6, 1918. In convoy of ten trans- 136 BOSTON UNIVERSITY ports, attacked by twelve submarines; two reported sunk and two damaged. 8th Naval Dist., West End Training Camp (New Orleans), Oct. 1, 1918. Ordnance officer, athletic officer, welfare officer. Liberty Loan officer. Deck and division officer, Algiers Navy Yard. Long, Wesley Robertson, '02 June 26, 1916. V. Sept. 3, 1919. National Guard. 110th U. S. Inf., Oct., 1917. Sergeant, 1st Army Hdqrs. Regt., Camp Hancock, Ga., Jan., 1918. Seventeen months overseas. At- tached to American Commission to Negotiate Peace, December, 1918, to August, 1919. LoNGUEiL, Alfred Edwin, '17 Sept. 9, 1918. Nov. 23, 1918. C. O. T. S., Camp Lee, Va. Lord, Everett William, '00 {v. C. B. A. Fac.) Lossone, William Jordan (1918-20) April 17, 1917. V. Jan. 25, 1919. Commonwealth Pier. Seaman, 1st class Signalman. 3d class Ship's Quarter- master. Nine trips to France on U. S. S. America, from Oct., 1917, to Oct., 1918. Many encounters with submarines. U. S. S. America sunk without warning, Oct. 15, 1918; narrow escape from drowning. LovELL, Moses Richardson, '17 Oct. 5, 1917. D. Dec. 21, 1918. Corporal, Nov. 15, 1917. Sergeant, April 15, 1918. Officers' Training School, May 15, 1918. 2d Lieut., Machine Gun Corps, Sept. 15, 1918. Camp Devens, Mass., Oct. 5, 1917, to June 18, 1918. Camp Hancock, Ga., June 18, 1918, to Dec. 21, 1918. LowRY, Franklin Patterson (1908-09) June 5, 1918. V. Medical Officers' Training Camp, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Aided in starting Base Hospital, 141st Unit. Assigned on Dec. 20 to Fort Williams, Me., Post Hospital. 1st Lieut., M. C, Fort Williams, Me. LusK, George Haight, '16 Dec. 31, 1917. V. Dec. 19, 1918. Army Aviation Corps. Private 1st class, Princeton Univ. Ground School; Aviation Concentration Camp, Dallas, Tex.; Park Field, Tenn. 2d Lieut., A. S. S. O. R. C, Jan. 10, 1919. MacKinnon, Neil Laughlin, '16 April 29, 1918. V. Jan. 6, 1919. Seaman 2d class, Hingham Naval Training Camp, Wakefield, Bumkin Island. Officers' Material School, Harvard Univ. Ensign, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Oct. 12, 1918. MacNair, James Duncan, '05 May 20, 1909. V. Lieut, (junior grade). Lieut., May 20, 1916. U. S. S. Franklin; U. S. S. Georgia; U. S. S. Virginia; Mare Island, Cal.; U. S. S. Maryland; U. S. S. Pittsburgh; and U. S. S. Arizona. 6th Regt., U. S. M. C, Sept., 1917, to July, 1918. Nine months' service in France. In trenches at Haudiomont and WAR RECORD 137 Ronvaux; Chdteau-Thierry, Bouresches, Lucy Le Bocage, and Belleau Wood. Cited in orders, June 14, 1918, by Regimental Commander, for personal bravery in action. *Maier, Walter Arthur, '13 Chaplain, U. S. A, Malone, Edward William (1916-17) May 11, 1918. V. Jan. 18, 1919. Enlisted as Carpenter's Mate, 1st class, Hingham, Mass. Naval Air Station at Chatham, Mass. Chief Carpenter's Mate. Detailed in Sept. to the En- gineering Dept. as draftsman. Mansur, Norman Clark, '15 Dec. 4, 1917 — Feb. 15, 1919. Fort Slocum, N. Y. Camp Merritt, N. J. 30th and 3d Engineers, Fort Myer, Va. Overseas, June 29, 1918. Special duty as interpreter with 2d Bn. Hdqrs., Aug. 1 ; moved to Lagney Woods on the St. Mihiel front. St. Mihiel and Argonne-Meuse Offensives. Transferred to 2d Bn. Hdqrs. in Sept. Stationed at Rambluzin, Sept. 1 to Oct. 1. At^Ville-sur-Consances, Oct. 1 to Nov. 14; Verdun, Nov. 14 to Nov. 31. Returned to Chognes, near Chaumont, Dec. 1-31. Sailed from Brest Jan. 24. Marshall, Francis W. April 10, 1917. V. Reported at rendezvous of Regimental Hdqrs., 6th Regt., Mass. N. G., March 30, 1917. Mustered into Federal Service about April 10, 1917. Discharged, on account of dependency, June 30, 1917. Appointed Officer, Adjutant General's Dept., July 2, 1917; physically rejected, July 3, 1917. Secured re-examination, Feb. 5, 1918; passed; appointed Army Field Clerk, and assigned to Hdqrs., North Atlantic Coast Artillery District. Martin, Alexander Bain, '17 May 16, 1917 — Sept. 27, 1919. Private, Regular Army, 7th F. A., 1st Div., Fort Sam Houston. Over- seas, July 28, 1917. *Lieut., Supply Co. Served in France until armis- tice. With Army of Occupation, Germany, until Aug. 19, 1919. En- gagements: Luneville Sector, Toul Sector, Cantigny; Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensives; Montdidier-Noyon Defensive. Martin, Norman Morrison (1917-20) Oct. 8, 1919. I. Nov. 20, 1919. Candidate, O. T. S., Inf., Camp Lee, Va. McArdle, Francis John (1917-18) Nov. 14, 1917. F. Feb. 7, 1919. Private, Batt. C, 55th Art., C. A. C. Overseas, March 25, 1918, to Jan. 26, 1919. Trained at Clermont until July 25. Marne-Aisne and Meuse- Argonne Offensives. McAuLiFFE, Thomas F. (1908-09) Aug. 20, 1918 — Dec. 1, 1918. Quartermaster Corps. Clerical work, Army Supply Base, Brooklyn, N, Y. McCarthy, Charles Thomas (1916-17) May 16, 1918. V. Jan. 18, 1919. O. T. C, Devens, Mass. 2d Lieut., Inf., Sept. 16, 1918. Machine Gun 138 BOSTON UNIVERSITY School, Camp Hancock, Ga. 32d M. G. Bn., Camp Meade, Md. Overseas, with 11th Div. Advance School Detachment, Oct. 26, 1918. McKiNNON, Allen Goodwin, '17 May 25, 1918. I. Dec. 10, 1918. Chemical Warfare Service, 1st Bn., Co. B, American Univ. Experiment Station, Washington, D. C. Corporal, Nov. 1, 1918. Melvin, Harold Wesley, '15 Sept. 30, 1918. I. Feb. 14, 1919. Private, Fort Slocum, Sept. 30, 1918. Adj. Gen. Dept., Washington, D. C, Nov. 15, 1918. *Merriam, Arthur Brobston, '12 1st Co., 17th Regt., Plattsburg, N. Y. Miller, Benjamin Sidney (1906-08) Jan. 30, 1918. V. July 24, 1919. Sergeant, March 12, 1918. Bn. Sergeant Major, June 1, 1918. Overseas, June 15, 1918. Base Section No. 2. Soldier-student at Sorbonne Univ., Paris, during March, April, and May. Back to U. S. A. July 15, 1919. Miller, Nathan (1914-18) June 3, 1918. V. Jan. 2, 1919. Seaman 2d class, Hingham, Mass.; Portland, Me.; and Submarine Chaser Station. Mills, Ernest Lyman, '00 June 20, 1918 — Dec. 3, 1918. Chaplain, 1st Lieut., Camp Dix, N. J. *Mitchell, Charles Archie Private, Evacuation Hospital No. 8, A. E. F., France. M. O. T. C, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mitchell, Elmer Forrest (1917-18) Aug. 29, 1918 — Oct. 15, 1920. Field Clerk, Warehouse Branch, Q. M. C, Boston; Boston Army Supply Base, So. Boston. Mitchell, Frank Bertram, '14 Sept. 6, 1917. V. July 24, 1919. Private, 101st Engrs., 26th Div. Overseas, Sept., 1918. Interpreter for the regimental Town Major from date of landing until Sept., 1918. Sergeant, Secret Service Branch, Intelligence Corps, Dept. G-2-B, Sept., 1918. Stu- dent at Univ. of Dijon, March 1, 1919. Mitchell, Gordon Fowler, '20 June, 1918. V. Feb. 27, 1919. Chem. Warfare Service, Lakehurst Proving Grounds, for five months. Field Testing Section, L. I., N. Y. Work consisted in testing masks. Gassed twice, and after recovery was put on inventory work. Sergeant 1st class. Moore, Joseph Roswell Hawley, '99 Nov. 6, 1918. V. Dec. 1, 1919. Candidate, F. A., C. O. T. S., Fort Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Ky. Morrill, William Edward, '97 Aug. 10, 1915. V. Sept. 10, 1915. Completed course at First Military Instruction Camp at Plattsburg. WAR RECORD 139 MuLLANEY, Benjamin F. (1918) Nov. 4, 1918. V. May 10, 1919. 2d Lieut., assigned to Brest, France, in charge of American Red Cross Con- struction at Camp Pontanezen. 1st Lieut., in charge of Construction at Hospital No. 65, Kerhuon. Captain, Chief of Construction, Western Section Hdqrs. at St. Nazaire. Newhall, Karl (1914-17) May 7, 1917. V. May 17, 1919. Private 1st class and Nursing Orderly. Overseas, May 11, 1917. British Gen. Hospital No. 11, at Dannes-Camiers, France, June 2, 1917. Gen. Hospital No. 13, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Nov. 1, 1917. Home with A. E, F., March 8, 1919. Newton, Harland Bowditch, '17 June 18, 1918. V. June 14, 1919. Private 1st class, 2d Bn., U. S. A. 317th Field Signal Bn., Camp Devens. July, 1918, to June, 1919, A. E. F. St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Niles, Elgin Scarborough (1917-18) May 31, 1918. V. Dec. 24, 1918. New York City, Naval Overseas Transportation Service, taking over crew. Noyes, Theodore Millard (1914-17) Aug. 23, 1917. V. Sept. 10, 1919. Plattsburg, O. T. C. 1st Lieut., Nov. 27, 1917. 151st Depot Brigade, Camp Devens. S. A. F. S., Camp Perry, Ohio, June 5, 1918. Camp Devens, July 4, 1918. Captain, 17th Co., 151st Depot Brigade, Sept. 24, 1918. OVERHEISER, FrANKLIN, '93 Sept. 1, 1917. Captain, Q. M. C, Madison Barracks, N. Y. Asst. Property Officer, Hobo- ken Piers and Bush Terminal, Brooklyn, N. Y. ♦Palmer, David Austin (1912-13) Captain, 8th Regt., N. G. M., Plattsburg. Major, Inf. N. S. R., Commander 6th Batt., 151st Depot Brigade, Camp Devens. Chief, Statistics Branch of Purchase and Storage Bureau, War Dept., Wash- ington, D. C. Palmer, Harold Irving, '18 June 5, 1918. V. Feb. 20, 1919. U. S. Shipping Board recruiting service. Steward, U. S. S. Gov. Cobb, training ship, and U. S. S. Dorothy Bradford, receiving ship, N. Y. City. Apprentice cook and baker, U. S. S. D. Bradford and Barge Tioga. Parker, Henry Baxter (1918-20) June 5, 1917. V. Dec. 28, 1917. Guard duty, Mexican Border, summer of 1916; Boston Harbor, fall of 1917. With 8th Mass. Inf. Band and 1st Mass. C. A. C. Band. Discharged, physical disability. Parrett, Chauncey Gildersleeve (1914-15) Nov., 1917. V. March 31, 1919. Captain, U. S. N. G. Inf., July, 1918. Located in Colorado during war. Captain, 3d Regt. Inf., Colorado. 140 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Payson, Aurin Eliot, '15 May 29, 1917. V. Feb. 15, 1919. Sergeant, Regular Army, May 29, 1917. Plattsburg Training Camp, Aug. 27, 1917. 1st Lieut., Ordnance, U. S. A., Nov. 27, 1917. Captain, Ordnance, U. S. A., June 28, 1918. *Perez, Celestino Rafael Sergeant, Regt. 375, Camp Las Casas, San Juan, Porto Rico. *Peterson, Frank Seth, '16 Lieut., Love Field, Dallas, Tex., and Ithaca, N. Y. Peterson, Fridolf Helge (1910-14, 1916-17) April 25, 1918. D. Jan. 10, 1919. Infantry, two weeks at Camp Devens. Signal Corps, eight months at Camp Vail, N. J. Two months' air service at Camp Vail. Corporal, Nov. 1. Translation of dozen French pamphlets describing wireless apparatus. Phipps, Russell Gilbert, '20 April 12, 1918. V. Seaman 2d class, U. S. N. R. F. Cadet, Harvard Ensign School, June 12, 1918. Ensign, U. S. N. R. F., Oct. 12, 1918. Asst. Instructor in Ord- nance, Cadet School, Dec. 12, 1918. Division Officer aboard U. S. S. Mt. Vernon, March 12, 1919. PiTTAWAY, William, '14 April 17, 1916. V. April 17, 1919. British Royal Field Artillery; Salonika Expeditionary Force, 1916 and 1917; Batt. A, 116th Brig., 26th Div., R. F. A.; Indian Expeditionary Force, 1918, Afghanistan Frontier (Rawal Pindi); 77th Batt., 7th Brig., 2d Indian Div., R. F. A.; Gunner, 4.5 Howitzer, R. F. A.; Mesopotamian Expedi- tionary Force, 524th Bn., 215th Brig., 115th Div. Held the Dorian Sector against the Bulgarians, and fighting constantly to get through into Bulgaria, and thence to Austria. Pottle, Vincent Fowler, '13 Aug. 26, 1917. V. Dec. 10, 1918. 2d R. O. T. C, Plattsburg, N. Y. 1st Lieut., Aviation Section, Signal Corps, Nov. 9, 1917. Instructor, U. S. A. School Military Aeronautics, Ithaca, N. Y., and Wilbur Wright Field, Fairfield, Ohio. Office of Director Mil- itary Aeronautics, July, 1918. Powers, James Henry, '15 June 12, 1917. V. June 4, 1919. Sergeant, U. S. A. Ambulance Service, 33d Div. Transport Sergeant, Sec. 600, Italy, June 27 to Aug. 23. France, Aug. 25 to Nov., 1918. Bar-Ie Due, Verdun, Troyon, Conmeray, Le Mort Homme, St. Mihiel. Italian Service Bar for service with Italian Army in July and first of Aug. Ambulance driving under heavy fire. Historian for U. S. Ambulance Serv- ice, Italian contingent. PuGH, Ernest (1911-12) Nov. 20, 1917. V. March 31, 1919. Chaplain, U. S. Naval Training Camp, also Ammunition Depot, Hingham. Putnam, Frederick Lawrence (1914-15) June 26, 1918. I. Dec. 18, 1918. WAR RECORD 141 153d Depot Brigade, Camp Dix. Central Officers' Training School, Aug. to Oct. Corporal, Instructor, Non-com. Camp Lee, Oct. to Dec. Raymond, Robert Fulton, Jr. (1914-15) May 12, 1917. V. Jan. 23, 1919. Trained in R. O. T. C. at Plattsburg, N. Y., and Ground School, Toronto, Can. 1st Lieut., Air Service, Jan. 13, 1918. Captain, June 26, 1918. Flew on Toul and Chateau-Thierry Sectors. Shot down at Chateau-Thierry, July 16, 1918. Prisoner in Germany until Dec. 5, 1918. Distinguished Service Cross (American) and Croix de Guerre with palm (French). "Reed, Harold Whitman, '12 June 26, 1918. D. Dec. 17, 1918. Six months at Camp Dix, 153d Depot Brigade, 39th Co. Inf. Attached to Camp Personnel Adjutant's Staff at Camp Dix. Assigned to Receiving Station, and later transferred to Military Police Battalion. Rejall, Alfred E. (Ex-Fac, 1917-18) Sept. 12, 1918. V. Nov. 18, 1919. 1st Lieut., San. Corps, U. S. A., Camp Greenleaf, Ga. M. O. T. G., Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C; U. S. A. Gen. Hospital No. 16, New Haven, Conn.; U. S. A. Gen. Hospital No. 38, East View, N. Y.; U. S. A. Gen. Hospital No. 8, Otisville, N. Y. Psychological Examiner at Camp Greenleaf. At subsequent posts assistant and chief educational officer. Morale officer at U. S. Gen. Hospital Nos. 38 and 8. Assist. Judge Ad- vocate in a General Court Martial Trial at U. S. A. Gen. Hospital No. 8. Laundry officer. *RiCH, Chester Lacount, '15 Troop H, 310th U. S. Cav., Fort Ethan Allen, Vt. Root, John Bernard, '19 Sept. 5, 1918. I. May 31, 1919. Private, Inf., special detail in hospital. Overseas Mail Service, New York City. Sergeant, Camp Upton, Jan. 29, 1919; Mess Sergeant, March 15, 1919. Russell, Paul Farr, '16 Dec. 21, 1917. V. Dec. 7, 1918. Private, Enlisted Medical Reserve 'Corps, U. S. A.; S. A. T. C, Cornell Med. Col. Unit, Oct., 1918. Sanford, Nelson Joseph, Jr. {v. Law) Sanger, Donald Bridgman (1910-11) April 24, 1912. Regular Army. Various grades, from 2d Lieut, to Lieut. Colonel. Overseas, July 7, 1918. Acting Division Signal Officer, 6th Div., G. H. Q., Chaumont, France, Oct. 29, 1918. Division Signal Officer of the 2d Div., Heddesdorf, Germany, June 4. Liaison Officer at G. H. Q., Paris, July 22, 1919. M. I. T., Sept. 10, 1919. Citation: For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service as Divi- sion Signal Officer of the 6th Div., he attained marked and unusual success in perfecting the signal organization of his division. Again, by reason of his tact and energy and splendid qualities as an officer, he was able, while 142 BOSTON UNIVERSITY serving in the office of the Deputy of the Chief Signal Officer at G. H. Q., A. E. F., to carry on the business of the corps with other services and with the French with marked skill. (Signed) E. Russell, Brig. Gen. Chief Signal Officer, A. E. F. Scott, Donald Griggs, '16 July 31, 1917. V. Jan. 4, 1919. Med. Corps, Fort Slocum, N. Y., and Camp Syracuse, N. Y. Chaplain, 50th Inf., Charlotte, N. C, Oct. 29, 1918. Sergeant, 50th Inf., Wilmington, Del., Feb. 14. Q. M. C, Fort Jay, N. Y., July 5, 1918. Shepard, Harold Blaisdell, '12 May 25, 1917. V. Nov. 30, 1918. 1st O. T. C. 2d Lieut., 10th Engrs. Overseas, Sept. 10, 1917. 1st Lieut., Feb., 1918. Army Engineer School, Langres (Ht. Marne), July 15, 1918. Returned to U. S. to join new division, Aug. 20. Captain, Engrs., U. S. A., Aug. 1,1918. Assigned to 79th Engrs., Oct. 28. Ten months' overseas service. *Sherburne, Robert (1916-18) Aug., 1918. V. Dec. 10, 1918. Central Machine Gun Officers' Training School, Camp Hancock, Ga. 2d Lieut., Inf., U. S. R. *Slayton, Ralph Fremont (Ex-'18) Sergeant, Co. A, 317th Field Signal Bn., A. E. F. Discharged June 17, 1919, with rank of Master Signal Electrician. Smith, Oliver Augustus, '16 May 13, 1917, V. July 15, 1919. 1st O. T. C. 2d Lieut., Inf., Aug. 14, 1917. 1st Lieut., Aug. 16, 1918. Fort McPherson, Ga.; Camp Sheridan, Ala.; Camp Meade, Md. Overseas, Sept. 7, 1918. 808th Pioneer Inf. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Smith, Oscar Taft (1911-13, 1915-16) Dec, 1913. V. March 7, 1919. 1st Corps Cadets, Dec, 1913, to Aug. 23, 1917. Candidate, 2d Plattsburg Camp, Sept., 1917. 2d Lieut., F. A., Nov. 27, 1917. Overseas, 351st F. A,, June 19, 1918, to Feb. 6, 1919. Major operation, Marbache Sector, Nov. 5-11, 1918. 351st F. A. was heavy artillery of the 167th F. A. Brigade, the first colored artillery in history. Judge Advocate of the Brigade. Smith, William Russell (1917) Sept. 25, 1917. I. Dec 11, 1918. Honorably discharged from U. S. A., Oct. 8, 1917. Enlisted in Medical Reserve Corps, Oct. 9, 1917; inducted into S. A. T. C, Nov. 26, 1918. Soles, Harold Edward (1914—17) July 22, 1918. D. Feb. 1, 1919. Camp Devens, Mass. F. A. C. O. T. S., Nov. 8, 1918. 2d Lieut., F. A. R. C, Feb. 1, 1919. *Spalding, Ray Washburn, '14 M. E. R. C. Springfield, Carl Kimball, 'U Dec 6, 1917. V. Dec 7, 1918. Private, Master Gunner, and 2d Lieut., C. A. C, Fort Monroe, Va. WAR RECORD 143 Staples, Zenas Carleton, '05 June 22, 1918. V. Aug. 12, 1919. 1st Lieut., Chaplain, 312th F. A., 79th Div., A. E. F., July, 1918, to April, 1919; Uth Inf., 5th Div., A. O., Apr., 1919; 6th Inf., May to Aug., 1919. Two months behind Verdun and in Argonne, helping clean up and bury. Stinchfield, Ben, '14 July 23, 1918. I. May 7, 1919. Civil Service Government employee at Washington in Military Intelligence Branch, as translator. 1st Lieut., U. S. A. Vladivostok, Siberia, until Aug. 12, 1918; Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Nov. 8, 1918; Vladivostok, Feb. 3, 1919; Japan and Manila. Assisted in organization of the Censorship at the Russian P. O. in Vladivostok. Military Representative of the Command- ing General at Vladivostok and Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. Stroup, Charles Clifton May, 1918. V. Jan. 1, 1919. Surgeon in charge, rank of Captain, Camp Indiana, with Indiana Univ. S. A. T. C. M. A. B., Bloomington, Ind. Sylvia, Earle Durant (1915-16) Dec. 24, 1917. V. Flying Cadet, Princeton, N. J., School of Military Aeronautics, March 16, 1918; Mineola, N. Y.; Chanute Field, Rantoul, 111. Gave up piloting, and on Sept. 7 went to Fort Monroe, Va. Commissioned as Aerial Observer, Sept. 21, Langley Field, Va.; Taliaferro Field, Hicks, Tex.; Park Field, Memphis, Tenn.; and Post Field, Fort Sill, Okla. 2d Lieut., A. S. A. Taylor, John Leonard, '18 May 24, 1918. D. Dec. 10, 1918. 151st Depot Brigade, Camp Devens. Corporal, Aug. 1, 1918. 18th Co., C. M. G. O. T. S., Camp Hancock, Ga., Sept. 27, 191 8. 2d Lieut., Dec. 1, 1918. *Terry, Francis Vincent, '16 2d Lieut., 2d Cav., U. S. A. N. Co., P. O. B., Fort Leavenworth, Kan. 1st Lieut., I Troop, 11th Cav., Camp Hearn, Calif. TiLTON, Warner B. (1919-20) April 29, 1918. V. May 8, 1919 (inactive duty). Chief Quartermaster, Aviation, M. I. T. Ground School. Miami, Fla., for flying, Aug. 3, 1918. F-Boat Instructor, Oct. 2, 1918. Ensign, Jan. 5, 1919. Division Commander, Flight Personnel Officer, ToGus, Leopold Theodore, '03 Aug. 9, 1917. V. 1st Lieut., Med. Corps, U. S. A., July 10, 1918. Captain, Med. Corps, Nov. 6, 1918. Medical Officers' Training Camp, Fort Benj. Harrison, Ind. 86th Div. and 161st D. B., Camp Grant, Rockford, 111. Pres. Board of Medical Examiners, Overseas Convalescent Unit, Dec. 9, 1918. Captain, M. C. U. S. A. Convalescent Center, Camp Grant, 111. Tomlin, Frank Earl (1918-19) Jan. 18, 1918. V. March 20, 1919. Graduate, U. S. Naval Radio School, Harvard Univ. Nine months at U. S. Naval Training Station at Great Lakes, 111.; five months at Radio School at Harvard. Enrolled as L. E. (R) U. S. N. R. F. Rated as Ensign 3d class (RO). 144 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Tower, Carl William, '15 Feb. 19, 1918 — Aug. 9, 1919. Located at Cost Inspection Office, Bath Iron Works, Ltd., Bath, Me. Chief Yeoman, U. S. N. R. F. Tripp, Burton Ashburton (1908-09) Sept. 1, 1918. I, Dec. 1, 1918. C. O. T. S., Camp Gordon, Ga. 2d Lieut., Inf., R. C. Trusselle, Lyle Porter (1919) Feb. 22, 1918. V. Jan. 19, 1919. U. S. N. R. F. Hospital Corps. 2d class Hospital Corpsman. Promoted to 1st class Hospital Corpsman. Rockland, Me.; Boston and Provincetown, Mass.; U. S. S. William F. Green. TuKEY, Norman Stanford (1916-18) March 28, 1918. D. Dec. 16, 1918. Private in Ambulance Co., 301st Sanitary Train, 76th Div., A. E, F. Stationed at St. Armand, France, the divisional headquarters. Twiss, Henry Irving, '00 Dec. 6, 1917. V. June 20, 1919. 1st Lieut., Med. Corps, Camp Taylor, Ky. Surgeon, Training School for Chaplains. Instructor. Wagner, Eugene Palmer (1917-18, 1919-20) June 5, 1918 — Nov. 27, 1918. Naval Reserve, Newport, R. I. Shipped as mechanic on U. S. S. Alabama. Cited for service in caring for sick on shipboard during influenza epidemic. Walls, Francis Sidney (1916-17, 1919-20) June 1, 1917. V. July 22, 1919. 2d class Musician, 102d Field Art. Band, 26th Div. Overseas, Oct. 5, 1917. At Camp Coetquidan for a period of training under the French. Chemin-des- Dames, Seicheprey, and Toul Sectors. Marne-Aisne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse- Argonne Offensives. Student at the Univ. of Caen, March 1 to June 30, 1919. Warren, Shields, '18 Oct. 21,1918. V. Dec. 20, 1918. Candidate, 44th Training Batt. F. A. C. O. T. S., Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Ky. Whitaker, Samuel Edgar, '90 Jan. 26, 1918. I. Jan. 4, 1919. Major, Office of Chief of Ordnance, Washington. White, Karl Sherwood, '16 June 26, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. Corporal, Co. B, 101st Engrs. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Marne-Aisne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. WiGREN, August Herman, '12 June 2, 1917. V. July 29, 1919. Overseas, 103d F. A., 26th Div., Nov. 1, 1917, to July 20, 1919. Chemin-des- Dames and Toul Sectors. St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Four months at Univ. of Poitiers, Poitiers Vienne, France. WAR RECORD 145 Williams, Harold Vanderelst, '19 Oct. 1, 1918. V. Dec. 7, 1918. Private, U. S. A. Med. Corps, Camp Devens, Mass.; Medford, Mass., Oct. 7; Boston, Mass., Oct. 15. Wright, Charles Edward, '12 May 27, 1918. I. Feb. 6, 1919. Private, C. A. School Troops, Fort Monroe, Va., May 27, 1918. Master Gunner, Oct. 28, 1918. 2d Lieut., C. A. C, O. R. C, Feb. 7, 1919. NON-MILITARY Abbott, Lilian (1915, 16, 18) Supervisor, Home Service, Everett Branch, Metropolitan Chapter, A. R. C. Abercrombie, Bertha Elizabeth (1917-18) May 23, 1918. Clerk, office of Chief of Ordnance, Washington, D. C. Auditor in Zone Finance Office, New York. Adadourian, Margaret Lyle (1917-19) Asst. to Professor Kent on 3d Liberty Loan. Asst. in S. A. T. C. work at C. B. A. Surgical dressings under the auspices of the Daughters of Veterans. Alciere, Frank Louis Paul (1918) Oct. 28, 1918. Asst. Chemist for W. D. Young Co. Physical Metallurgist's Laboratory, Navy Yard, Boston, Mass. Algeo, Mrs. Sara MacCormack, '99 May, 1917. Chairman of Americanization work among foreigners in Rhode Island, Allen, Bertha Winnifred (1914-15) Red Cross. Supt., Lowell Gen. Hospital, training nurses. Allen, Louise Harriet Morey, '91 Liberty Loan. Secretary of Greene County Chapter A. R. C. and Vice-Chair- man Council of Defense. Collected records of soldiers and sailors in the war from Greene County. Appointed by Governor of Tennessee as one of twenty-five persons in State to form commission to prepare history of Ten- nessee in the World War. Secretary Greene County Chapter, A. R. C. Anderson, Helen Victoria (1915-17) Oct., 1918 — Jan., 1919. Ordnance Engineering, War Dept., Washington, D. C. Ashman, Mrs. Mary Thayer, '02 Sept. 17, 1918. Civilian Clerk, U. S. Q. M. C. Atwood, Walter Sherman, '09 Oct., 1918 — Dec, 1918. S. A. T. C. Instructor in laboratory course in General Biology, College of Dental and Oral Surgery of New York. Fourteen hours weekly spent in teaching two classes of sixty-five each, until demobilization. Avery, Ethel Piper, '06 A. R. C. and price reporting. Avery, Herbert Spaulding, '04 Associate Legal Adviser for Wellesley. 146 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Avars, Christine Merrick, '16 Oct. 25, 1917 — Oct. 1, 1918. National Board of Y. W. C. A. Stationed at New London, Conn., as Girls' Worker of the War Camp Cornmunity Service, sent by the Nat'I Y. W. C. A. Organized and directed the Girls' Patriotic League there. Arranged rallies and promoted recreation plans for the men in the service. Sept., 1918, one of the secretaries of the Bush Terminal War Service Center, Brooklyn, N. Y. Babcock, Mildred Frances, '03 Sept., 1917. Dedham Surgical Dressings Society. Head of work-room for one day each week in Surgical Dressings Dept. of Dedham Red Cross. Bailey, May Schofield, '17 Red Cross, July, 1918 — Nov., 1918. Y. W. C. A., Nov., 1918— Sept., 1919. Special Field Worker for Ohio-W. Va. Field, Y. W. C. A., under National Board War Work Council of Y. W. C. A. Baird, Ethel Renewa, '11 July 8, 1918 — July 18, 1919. Asst. Secretary, Fay, SpofFord & Thorndike, designing and supervising engi- neers for the Boston Army Supply Base at South Boston, Mass. Baldwin, F. Spencer, '88 July, 1917. Committee on Labor, Council of National Defense. Member of committee of experts which drafted War Risk Insurance Act. Baldwin, Leon Estyn, '97 Nov., 1917 — War Service Unit. Song leader and director of programs for open air and indoor shows given to the soldiers. Engaged in camp morale and Govern- ment propaganda work, as Music Director of Service Unit. Bartlett, Marcia Jennie, '12 April 4, 1918. Adjutant General's Office, State-War-Navy Bldg. Ordnance Dept. (Supply Division, Construction Section), as clerk and typist. Transferred Oct., 1918, to the "Follow-Up-Seas" Unit of the same division. Transferred, Dec. 7, 1918, to the Enlisted Division of the Adjutant General's Office. Clerk in the Mail and Record Division. Bartlett, Marion Estella (1898-99) Mass. Div. Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense. Cer- tificate from Governor and Chairman of the Committee. Bartlett, Mary Moulton (1915-16) N. E. Surgical Dressings Committee. Organized Sigma Kappa, B. U. Branch; also Princeton Branch. Chairman of both branches. Bates, Esther Willard, '06 Jan. 8, 1918 — June 15,1918. Comm. on Public Information, Department of Scenarios, Division of Motion- Picture Films. Wrote motion-picture scenarios for war propaganda. Baumberger, Mrs. Alberta Loraine (1917) Supervisor of Social Service, A. R. C, New Haven, Conn., June, 1918, to June, 1919. WAR RECORD 147 Beiler, Florence, '07 Oct. 15, 1918— May 19, 1919. Y. W. C. A. Director of Hostess Houses, Camp Las Casas, San Juan, Porto Rico. Belick, Grace Potter Oct., 1916 — A. R. C. Women's Unit Council of National Defense. Blackwell, Alice Stone, '81 (v. Trustees) Blaisdell, Beatrice, '19 May 27, 1919 — Sept. 1, 1919. British Ministry of Food and Allied Provisions Export Comm., New York City, in connection with U. S. Food Administration. Blake, Mrs. Doris Mildred Holmes, '13 Jan. 25, 1919. Washington, D. C. American Red Cross National Headquarters. Service badge. BoYLSTON, Margery (1908-09) Oct. 23, 1918. Civilian employee. U. S. A. General Hospital No. 9, Dept. of Physiotherapy, Lakewood, N. J. Reconstruction Aide. Breed, Clara M. (1915-17) A. R. C, Lynn, Mass. Washington, D. C, work on Liberty Bonds, Treasury Dept. *Bridgham, Frank Nelson, '10 Medical Supply Depot, New York. *Brigham, Minnie May Belle, '14 Training Camp for Nurses (Vassar College), under auspices of Council of National Defense, American Red Cross, American Nurses' Association, and National Research Council. Brown, Raymond Newell, '07 Jan. 13, 1918 — June 1, 1918. Helped to organize Camp Library at Camp Upton, L. L Browne, Hester Wetherbee (1916) April, 1919. Reconstruction work In Northern France, under "Le Village Reconstltue, " with the RadclifFe Unit. French Red Cross, Buck, Charles Edgar (1914-16) Sept. 1, 1918 — April 1, 1919. U. S, Employment Service for Mass., Executive Secretary and Office Manager of State Advisory Board. Appointed Federal Director of U. S. E. S. for Mass., and Manager of Federal Director's Offices, Boston. Byrne, Helen Lane, '10 (v. C. S, S, Fac.) Cahill, Mrs. Beatrice Hunter, '17 Aug, 21, 1918. V. Dec. 5, 1918. War Industries Board, statistical clerk, woolen section. Callanan, Marian Walker, '20 Red Cross Nurses' Aid, night duty. State Board of Health, Influenza Camp Hospital, Ipswich, Mass. 148 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Campbell, Andrew, '93 Feb. 20, 1918 — March 13, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Brest, France, Hut Secretary. Director of Religious Activ- ities and Social and Entertainment Activities of the Division. Associate Divisional Secretary. *Cary, Knibloe Bouton, '03 U. S. Ordnance Dept. Supervised production of ordnance and trucks in Eastern Massachusetts District. Center, Harry Bryant, '00 {v. C. B. A. Fac.) Chadwick, Julia Elsie, '92 Oct., 1918. Home Service Section, Boston Metropolitan Chapter, A. B. C. Asst. Supervisor of branches. Chaffee, John Rufus, '94 April 12, 1918. Representative of Methodist Episcopal and Congregational churches at Camp Devens, Mass. Channing, Eva, '77 Helped Draft Exemption Board to make out Italian schedules. Chase, Ernest Tucker, '04 July 8, 1918 — Aug. 1, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Hut Secretary, 5th Region (Souilly and Bar-le-Duc, France). Guide, Excursion Dept., Riviera Leave Area (Nice, France), Nov. 27, 1918. Camp Secretary, Paris Region (Colombes Athletic Field, France). Camp Secretary, Y. M. C. A. Chase, Josephine Alzaida, '98 Oct., 1918. Federal Board for Vocational Education and Rehabilitation of Disabled Soldiers. Chief Clerk, District 4, comprising Va., W. Va., Md., and D. C. Purchase of supplies and keeping of records for the District Office in Washington D. C, and branches in seven cities and camps. Chief Clerk, District Number 4, Division of Rehabilitation, Federal Board for Voca- tional Education, Washington, D. C. Chase, Martina Howe (1911-14) August 20, 1918 — Feb. 23, 1919. Student Nurse at Camp Wheeler, Ga. Medical and Surgical Service at Base Hospital. Chayer, Drema M. (1917) Sept. 23, 1918 — War Work Council, Y. W. C. A., American Executive International Institute, Paterson, N. J. Church, Myra H. (1898-99) Director Home Service, Lawrence Branch, A. R. C. Director Essex County Home Service, N. E. Div. Clapp, Raymond Gilmore, '00 Feb. 22, 1918 — Aug. 1, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Hut Secretary, Naval Training Sta., Bumkin Island, Boston WAR RECORD 149 Harbor. Overseas service, Dec. 28. Director of Bible Study Bureau, Dept. of Religious Work, Y. M. C. A., A. E. F. Headquarters, Paris. Cohen, Cecile (1918) Director and Organizer of Liberty Choruses and Community Sings. Chair- man Victory Girls' Campaign, Porter, Me. CoLBURN, Guy Blandin (1917) Jan. 2, 1918 — May 22, 1919. y. M. C. A. Flanders, Feb., 1918, with the French soldiers. In Italy, April, 1918, with the Italian soldiers on the Piave Line, and at Udine and Gorizia. In Paris, Jan. to May, 1919, with U. S. troops. Received War Cross of Italian Army for service to wounded and to liberated prisoners dur- ing the final advance of October, 1918. Cole, Herbert Asa, Jr. (1905-06) Feb., 1917 — Nov., 1917. Engineer of Outside Plant on War Service Comm. Survey and Design of Submarine and Land Telephone Lines to Lighthouses and Coast Guard Stations along the New England Coast. Outside telephone plant at Camp Devens, Mass. Miscellaneous Government work on telephone lines. Connolly, Helen Louise (1911-12) Dec. 7, 1918 — Feb. 28, 1919. Boston Depot, Q. M. C, United States War Dept. Record Clerk, Dec. 7, 1917. Filing Clerk in charge of Contract Files, March 1, 1918. Cooper, Helen Louise, '21 May 15, 1918 — July 31, 1918. Westwood Unit of the Woman's Farm and Garden Association, eight hours a day of farm work. Honor-roll at the State House. Crawford, Everett Weston, '01 Dec, 1917 — Nov. 11, 1918. Associate Member of the Legal Advisory Board for the City of Newton. Currier, Katherine A. (1896-98) Sept., 1918 — Mayor's Comm. of Women on National Defense Canteen Service, New York City. Canteen work at the Cardinal Farley House. Curtis, Alice W. (1901-02) June 26, 1918 — Oct. 16, 1918. Dispatch Office of the American Library Association, Newport News, Va. Cushman, Lewis Newell, '87 June 23, 1918. V. Aug. 1, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Entertainment Secretary, 37th Ohio Div., A. E. F., France, until March, 1919. Song leader with 36th Div. Le Mans, Baccarat, Argonne, and St. Mihiel Fronts. Cutter, Susan Martine (1902-03) Nov. 17, 1917 — Army Nurse Corps, through Am. Red Cross. Charge nurse on wards at Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, iCy. Dame, Katharine, '94 Sept. 6, 1918 — June 19, 1919. Filing Clerk and Translator with Dept. of Tuberculosis, A. R. C, Rome, Italy. 150 BOSTON UNIVERSITY *Danner, Paul Rutledge (1910-11) Fall of 1913 sailed for India for position on Y. M. C. A.'s National Staff of India. At the center of association activities in connection with the war. Worked with Indian soldiers on French frontier. On the lost Arabic. Rescued. DoANE, Edith Rhoda, '19 Hostess in Canteen, summer of 1918. Local and college Red Cross work. *DoME, Earl, '16 Y. M. C. A., 9 Quinsan Gardens, Shanghai, China. DoNDALE, Marion Frances, '14 Nov. 1, 1918 — Dec. 1, 1918. War Department — Ordnance. Asst. to Director of Women's Branch, Industrial Service Section, Bridgeport, Conn., Dist. Ord. Office. Ebbe, Helen Jane (1919) May, 1917 — May, 1919 U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 5. Six months at Camires, France; later at Boulogne. Tv/o months at British Casualty Clearing Station. Awarded British Royal Red Cross. *Eldredge, Charles Wallace (1916-19) Royal Flying Corps. Transferred to Royal Air Force. Training as Flying Cadet in various aviation camps in Ontario, Canada. Evans, Marshall Blakemore, '96 Food Administration Chairman of Faculty Committee, Ohio State Univer- sity, Columbus, Ohio. EvARTs, Emma Louise, '11 Oct. 10, 1918 — Reconstruction Aide in Physiotherapy, Medical Dept. Overseas, Nov. 11, 1918. Base Hospital No. 6S, near Brest. U. S. A. Gen. Hospital No. 41, Fox Hills, Staten Island. Farrar, Lillian Keturah Pond, '96 Surgeon, Booth Memorial Hospital, N. Y. Ferguson, John Calvin, '86 {v. Trustees) Forrest, Clovis Gates (1911-15) July 22, 1918. I. July 24, 1918. Rejected at Devens. Washington, as statistician in Ordnance Branch of War Dept. Resigned Dec. 31, 1918. Freeman, Alice Talbot Jan. — June, 1918. Army and Navy Canteen substitute work. French, Charles Winslow, '02 Y. M. C. A. Taught French to soldiers in Artillery at Fort Banks, Winthrop, summer of 1918. Gately, Mamie Adelaide (1919) April 1, 1918 — April 11, 1919. Nurse, Camp Upton, April to June, 1918; New York, June to July, 1918. Eight months in France. *Geoghegan, William Bernard, '92 Y. M. C. a., 12 rue d'Aguesseau, France. WAR RECORD 151 Gerrish, Donald H. (1900-04) Jan., 1918 — Oct., 1919. Y. M. C. A. overseas. Chaplain, Camp Hospital No. 25, and Director of Religious Work for Division. At Blois, France, and with troops in the field. GiBBS, Mrs. Emma Wright (1918-19) Nov., 1917 — War Camp Community Service. Member of Recreation Department of the War Camp Community Service. Hostess at Houghton Service Club in Cambridge. Taught in the Sailors' Haven. GoLDSBURY, James Edward (1909-11) Dec. 17, 1917. V. Dec. 21, 1918. Medical Student. GooDELL, Charles LeRoy, '77 Sept., 1917 — Jan., 1918. Camp Religious Work Director, Y. M. C. A., Camp Meade, Md. Spoke at many camps throughout the country. GooLD, Philip Atherton, '08 Aug. 1, 1915 — 1915-16, General Secretary Simla Association (Army Hdqrs., Military Clerk). Jan. and Feb., 1916, Army Secretary Lucknow Y. M. C. A. Feb., 1916 to Nov., 1917, Simla, Gen. Secretary Simla Association. April to Nov., Chief Army Secretary, Delhi Y. M. C. A. Nov. to March, three Army Branches, with immediate charge of the Army Hdqrs. Branch. General Supervisor over a Furlough Home of the Simla Y. M. C. A., all with British troops. April 1 to Oct. 31, General Secretary Simla Y. M. C. A. Nov. 1 to March 31, Chief Army Secretary Delhi Y. M. C. A. Gove, Louise I., '12 Nov. 13, 1917 — Dec. 31, 1918. Q. M. Dept., Washington, D. C. Clerk in the Personnel Division. Hdqrs., N. E. Dept., June, 1918. Finance Div. Graves, Etta M. (1917-18) Nov. 24, 1918 — Reconstruction Aide, U. S. Gen. Hospital No. 29, Fort Snelling, Minn. Green, Otis Harrison, '01 May 19, 1918 — Nov. 11, 1918. Camp Pastor at Mare Island, Naval Training Station, Calif.; Mather Avia- tion Field, Sacramento, Calif. Greene, Harriet Frances (1904-05) Nov. 30, 1918. V. Aug. 1, 1919. A. R. C. One and one-half months with Balkan Comm. Five and one-half months with French Comm., Paris. Personnel Dept. and Missing and Wounded Section of Army and Navy Dept. Certificate for service with Balkan Comm. Greene, Mary Anne April 3, 1918 — April 3, 1919. Army Base Hospital No. 7. Four months in Service Cantonment, Camp Upton, N. Y. Eight months at Tours, France. Griffin, Orwin Bradford, '15 June, 1918 — Sept., 1918. Gathered and prepared information for consideration by the Peace Com. 152 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Gulliver, Lucile, '06 Aug. 22, 1918 — March 31, 1919. Military Intelligence Div., General Staff, War Dept. Preparation in Wash- ington, D. C, of monographs for the General Staff, U. S. A., and for certain official overseas commissions. Hackel, Myer J. Dec, 1917. V. April, 1919. Medical Dept., Camp Devens. Ophthalmological Dept, and Dept. of Aviation, as clerk. Sergeant. U. S. Gen. Hospital No. 39, Long Beach, L. I., N. Y., Dec, 1918. Handy, Daniel Nash, '00 Sept., 1918 — Dec, 1918. American Library Association. In charge of Camp Library Activities at Camp Dix, N. J. Member Boston War Camp Library Council, 1918. Hannum, Flora Crossland, '11 Aug., 1917 — War Camp Community Service'. Accounting Dept., National Hdqrs. Office, War Camp Community Service, New York City. Hardwick, Katharine Davis, '07 Field Supervisor, A. R. C, Maine and Mass. Hardy, Edward Rochie, '96 Local Draft Board No. 136, New York. Hilliker, Katherine Elizabeth, '13 {v. Executive Staff) HiNES, Ruth Gladys Clerk, Bureau of War Risk Insurance, 1919. Index Files Section — Night Clerk. Hitchcock, Abigail C. (1918) Superintendent of Welcome Home, Boston. Hobson, Albion Wilbur, '89 Oct. 1,1918 — June 15, 1919. Business Manager of 12th Dist., Helena, Mont. Negotiated contracts with all institutions doing work of S. A. T. C, and after armistice made final settlements. HoBsoN, Sarah Matilda, '87 Sept., 1918 — April, 1919. A. R. C. Organization lecture work, autumn of 1917, Chicago. Medical Consultant for families of soldiers since summer of 1917. Com. on Training Camp Activities. Section of Women's Work, lectures on Social Hygiene, in connection with the Y. W. C. A. and State Council of Defense, Chicago. Lecture Corps of Social Hygiene Div., Illinois State Dept. of Public Health. HoLWAY, Bernard Ashbrook (1905-07) Oct. 21, 1918 — March 15, 1919. National War Work Council, Y. M. C. A. Motion-Picture Director, N. E. Dept. Visiting camps, inspecting equipment, laying out new equipment, installations, etc. Supervised booking of programs and generally acted in executive and advisory capacity. HoRTON, Eleanor Bessie Sept. 9, 1918 — Accountant in Q. M. C, Salvage Div., Washington, D. C. Reconstruction WAR RECORD 153 Aide in Physiotherapy, Medical Corps, Nov., 1918. At Parker Hill, Boston, Mass., Dec. 9, 1918. U. S. A. Gen. Hospital No. 10, Long Beach, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1919. Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C, March 24, 1919. Howe, Mrs. Martha Paul, '88 Chairman Cohasset Unit, Woman's Council of National Defense. Chairman Cohasset Branch A. R. C, Chairman Local Food Conservation Committee. *HoYT, Elizabeth Ellis, '13 Research Staff, National Industrial Conference Board, Boston. Hunt, Mildred Lucille, '15 Accepted as Casualty Worker by the American Red Cross. Hyde, Alice C. (1906-11) Ordnance Dept. of Government, Cambridge, Mass. Jackson, Edith Talbot, '83 1917: Chairman of Comm. of "Special Aid Society for American Prepared- ness," which furnished and managed the Major Willard House at Camp Devens, Mass. 1918: Sec.-Treas. Comm. of Boston Branch Association Collegiate Alumnae on Food Conservation. 1918: Four-Minute Speaker at theaters in Providence, R. L Speaker on Salvage and Thrift for Council of National Defense. Jefferson, Mark, '89 Sept. 1, 1918 — July 1, 1919. Geographer and Cartographer to Col. House's Inquiry, New York. Went to Europe with Inquiry, on the George Washington. Chief, Div. of Geography, U. S. Peace Comm. In April appointed Representative of the United States on the Commission of Geographical Experts of the Great Powers, for the study of Boundaries. Jennings, Berton Luther, '00 Feb. 30, 1918 — April 28, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Camp Montoir, St. Nazaire. With 77th Div. on Lorraine and Vesle Fronts and in Meuse-Argonne. Hut Secretary; later. Religious Work Secretary. Three and one-half months Divisional Secretary of 77th Div. Worked in field hospital for six weeks. Present at the Front during engagements from Chateau-Thierry to the Vosges. Jernegan, Mabel L. (Mrs.) Dec, 1917 — July, 1918. American Red Cross. Home Service Dept., Boston, Mass. Potomac Div. Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Director of Women Personnel, Atlantic Div., New York City. Johnson, Harriet Everard, '09 A. R. C. Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston. French Wounded. Italian Relief. Johnson, Ida Belle, '92 1st Lieut., Red Cross Company organized by College Women's Club of Wash- ington. Jones, Charles David, '86 Medical Advisory Board No. 35. Jones, Jasper Judson (1916-19) May 14, 1918 — Dec. 31, 1918. Ordnance Dept., U. S. A. Sub-Inspector of Ordnance, Gray & Davis, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. 154 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Jones, Stella Worth (1917-18) April 1, 1919 — Americanization Div., Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Kingman, Ethel Sylvester, '11 1917. V. Jan., 1919. Voluntary Service Bureau, Metropolitan Chapter, A. R. C. Lamson, Mrs. Vena Morse (1911-15) Sept. 30, 1918 — Aug. 1, 1919. Yeoman (F), U. S. N. R. F., U. S. Naval Experimental Station, New London, Conn. Secretary to an Allied Delegation of English, French, and Italian naval officers. Secretary to several of the professors engaged in anti-sub- marine work at the Naval Experimental Station. Lane, John A. (1917-18) 1918-19. Asst. Director Training School for Shipbuilders, Charlestown Navy Yard. Larrabee, Mrs. Doris Kennard, '16 Sept., 1918 — May, 1919. American Library Association. Asst. Hospital Librarian, U. S. Gen. Hospi- tal, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.; Camp Beauregard, Alexander, La., and Azalea, N. C. Lawton, Fred Hilton, '02 April 10, 1918 — April 1, 1919. American Y. M. C. A. Director of Motion-Picture Dept. for division in France. Assigned as director for this work in the United Kingdom. Direc- tor of Community Motion-Picture Bureau, United Kingdom, April 26, 1918. First man to carry films across the English Channel from England to France by aeroplane. Leach, Catherine Cushman, '19 June 24, 1918 — Aug. 31, 1918. Ordnance Dept. of U. S., American Steam Gauge and Valve Co. Govern- ment Inspector of point detonation fuses. Gauging with hand and concen- tricity gauges, and visual inspection of fuses or fuse parts. Leach, Elizabeth Frye, '19 June 24, 1918 — Aug. 31, 1918. Ordnance Dept. of American Steam Gauge and Valve Co. Government Inspector of detonator fuses Mark V for French 75 mm. guns. Work on gauges and visual inspection. Leadbetter, Maud Gertrude, '13 Aug., 1917 — July, 1918. Director Junior Membership, N. E. Div., A. R. C. Look, Percy Jonathan, '08 July 12, 1917 — March, 1919. Local Board for Div. 21, Selective Service; Examining Physician for Div. 21. Lowd, Emma Fuller, '87 ' Chairman, A. R. C. Auxiliary, Morris High School, New York. Chairman Unit No. 327, Comfort Committee, Navy League. National Security League. Service Badge and Certificate of Service, A. R. C. Certificate of Service from Comforts Com. of Navy League. WAR RECORD 155 Lynch, Katheryn Mary (1914-16) Oct. 1, 1918 — A. R. C. Home Service Section, N. Y. City, Visitor and Social Worker. MacDonald, Delia Dyer, '02 Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Washington, since Nov. 15, 1918.' MacLean, Isabelle D. (1917-18) 1916-17. Instructor and Lecturer on Immigrant Education and Americanization. Supervisor of Americanization for Lynn, Mass., under Federal State Plan. In charge of English Department, Federal Board of Vocational Education, Boston Trade School, Rehabilitation classes. Mariett, Harold Morgan, '07 May 17, 1918 — Nov. 11, 1918. Asst. Gen. Manager of Standard Felt Co., West Alhambra, Calif., under direction of the Felt Section of the War Industries Board. Maxson, Louis Herbert, '06 Med. Advisory Board, General Examining. Asst. Surgeon Shore Station, West Seattle, Wash. Sea Training Bureau, U. S. Shipping Board. Secre- tary King County Medical Society. McBride, Eva Adelaide (1919) Nov., 1915 — June, 1918. Harvard Unit with British E. F. Arrived France, Nov., 1915. Wimeveux, with No. 22 Gen. Hospital, March, 1916. Hospital moved to Camiers, near Etaples. In charge of wards until cessation of service, June, 1918. McCarthy, Kathryn Henrietta (1916-20) Sept. 9, 1918 — Clerk in Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Washington, D. C. McIsAAC, Mary A. (1919) May 23, 1918. V. May 24, 1919. A. N. C. B. H. No. 51. Graduate Nurse. U. S. Army General Hospital No. 1, Greenhill Road, New York City. Overseas, Aug. 25, 1918. Base Hospi- tal No. 51 used as an evacuation hospital during St. Mihiel drive. Served five days in Dressing Station. Base Hospital No. 78, at Toul, Oct. 25, 1918. Returned U. S. A. with B. H. No. 51. Left Toul, April 1, for U. S. A. McLean, Kendall Stone (1910-12) (1913-14) Feb., 1917 — Dec, 1918. Boy Scouts of America. Participated in all Liberty Loan drives. Street speaking in drive for marine recruiting. Electrical work on submarines at Fore River Yard. Assisted War Camp Community Committees. Spoke for loan in schools and theaters. Rescue party for survivors of U. S. S. Carolina. Honorary membership in Great Legation Boy and Girl Scouts of Roumania by Prince Carol for service to their Commission in this country. McWhirk, Clara Viola, '17 April, 1918. V. May, 1919. Rockefeller Commission for Prevention of Tuberculosis in France, May, 1918. Paris Laboratory, as bacteriologist, Feb., 1919. Red Cross Commis- sion to Palestine as bacteriologist. Certificate of service from Red Cross and citation from Gen. AUenbv. 156 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Mead, William Leon (1881-82) Oct., 1917. War Camp Community Recreation Fund. Member of the General Publicity Comm. of the War Camp Community Recreation Fund. Articles and poems for the Fourth Liberty Loan, etc. Meredith, Albert Barrett July 1 to Sept. 7, 1918, Associate Camp Ed. Director Y. M. C. A., Camp Dix, N. J. Oct. 22, 1918, to Dec. 1, 1919, member of the Organization of the Comm. on Education and Special Training of the War Plans Div. of the Gen. Staff of the War Dept. Work connected with the articulation of the second- ary schools with the S. A. T. C. Meserve, Charles Dana, '87 Enrolling Officer at Newton High School for U. S. Boys' Working Reserve. In charge of Weston Camp of Reserve two years, maintained by Committee of Public Safety of state and town. In charge of Y. M. C. A. drive for school boys in Newton High School. Taught one term in S. A. T. C. at Harvard. Metcalf, Frank Johnson, '86 Office of Adjutant General where correspondence was conducted relative to Officers' Training Camps. Answering of letters asking for location of men. Miller, Fred Robinson, '94 April, 1917 — Newton, Mass., Constabulary. Miller, Marguerite Dorothea, '19 May, 1918 — Aug., 1918. Women's Farm and Garden Association. Three months of farming at Alford Women's Farm Unit, Great Barrington, Mass. Moore, Gladys Evelyn (1917-18) Sept., 1918— Dec, 1918. Local Draft Board, Div. No. 2. Moss, Vera Lee Chairman Eighth District of Iowa, Women's Loan Committee. MouLTON, Warren J. (1884-85) 1918 — Four-Minute Man. Murray, Nellie Taylor, '16 Oct., 1918 — April 21, 1919. U. S. A. Med. Dept. Laboratory Technician (chemical work), one month; Rockefeller Institute, New York City, five weeks; Fort Riley, Kan., Base Hospital, Nov., 1918. *Neal, Clifton Ellsworth (1912-13) Cadet School, Cambridge. Newton, Harry Huestis, '83 April, 1917 — Dec, 1918. L. A. B.; Local Custodian of Alien Property. Local Food Administrator, Everett, Mass. Nichols, William Stanley (1895-96) Oct. 1, 1918 — April 1, 1919. Supt. of Federation House, Aver, affiliated with W. C. C. S. WAR RECORD 157 Norwood, Charles Edward, '09 Aug., 1916. V. Aug., 1916, to July, 1918, Instructor of Mathematics U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. July, 1918, War Department, Ordnance Bureau, Techni- cal Staff, Washington and Baltimore, Master Computer. O'CoNNELL, Jeremiah Edward, '06 Oct., 1917 — Member of Mayor's Comm. of Providence Chapter and Chairman of Consul- tation Comm, of Home Service Section, Civilian Relief Comm. Chairman and Permanent Member Legal Advisory Board, Ward 3, Providence, R. I. Chairman Consultation Comm., Home Service Section, A. R. C. O'Connor, Virginia Marion (1917-18) Laboratory Technician, Base Hospital No. 10, Parker Hill, Boston. Olson, Martin L. (1916) July and August, 1918. Worked at Boston Navy Yard, during summer vacation, as machinist and tool-maker. Asst. Legal Adviser of Hyde Park Exemption Board winter and spring of 1918. Osgood, Helen, '07 Executive Secretary, Home Service, Lynn Chapter, A. R. C. Parker, Margaret Lee (1899-01) Chairman Surgical Dressings Committee, Junior Red Cross, Woburn, Mass. Perry, Mrs. Ethel Britton Chairman Committee on Courses of Instruction of Grand Rapids Unit, Michigan Div., Women's Committee, Council of National Defense. Member of Speakers' Bureau for Liberty Loans. Phelps, Evelyn Zilpha, '10 March, 1918 — Executive Secretary, Home Service Section, A. R. C, Barre, Vt., March, 1918, to Feb., 1919. Medical Social Service from Feb., 1919, U. S. Naval Hospital, Chelsea, Mass. Asst. Associate Field Director, A. R. C. Plimpton, Mrs. Ella Newhall, '95 Supervisor of Junior R. C. work, Walpole, Mass. Pond, Clarence Strong, '01 Dept. of Justice, Investigator North Shore Distrift. Chairman of the Instructor Board, affiliated with Exemption Board No. 23. Four-Minute Man. Member Beverly Committee on War Camp Community Service. Official speaker for the League to Enforce Peace. Pool, Lena Blanche, '97 July 1, 1918 — Aug. 3, 1918. Substitute stenographer, U. S. Shipping Board. Power, Gertrude Frances (1915-18) Sept. 30, 1918 — Concerts in various camps under auspices Y. M. C. A. Concerts at Army and Navy Y. M. C. A., Charlestown, Mass. Powers, Paul Odell, '19 Aug. 26, 1918. I. Dec. 16, 1918. Worked on manufacture of Lewisite, Camps Jackson and Sevier, S. C.j Willoughby, Ohio; Camp Sherman, Ohio. 158 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Pratt, Arthur Peabody, '96 Aug., 1917 — Dec, 1918. Director of Religious Work, Camp McClellan, Anniston, Ala. Priestley, Joseph Edwin (1912-13) Aug., 1917 — May, 1918. Chief clerk. East Hartford Draft Board, District 1, Conn. Putnam, Frederic Lawrence (1914-15) June 26, 1918 — Clerk, Emergency Fleet Corporation, U. S. N. Raymond, Florence, '13 March 18, 1918 — June 1, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Canteen Service. Training at Barnard College. Arrived in Paris, March 18, 1918. Assigned to Urigao, near Grenoble. Reassigned to Dijon for Literary and Canteen Service. Readdy, Vincent Joseph, '13 1917 — U. S. Navy Dept. Assigned to Superintendent Constructor's Office, Bethle- hem Shipbuilding Corporation, Quincy, Mass. Regan, Lillian E. (1919) Nov. 1, 1917 — June 25, 1919. Army Nurse Reserve Corps, Toul, France, one year. U. S. Base Hospital No. 210. Reimer, Azariah Foster, '04 1917— Nov., 1918. Four-Minute Man. Public speaking in theaters and motion-picture houses. Ripley, Mrs. Eva Gowing, '92 Secretary Communication Service, Wakefield, Mass., Branch A. R. C. RisHELL, Helen, '05 March 13, 1919 — Reconstruction Dept., U. S. A. Base Hospital, Camp Taylor, Louisville, Ky. Taught craft work to convalescent soldiers. Charge of ward. Recon- struction Aide in Occupational Therapy. RoBBiNs, Raymond Adams, '97 Newton Constabulary. Drilled Recruits. Color Sergeant. 2d Sergeant. Quartermaster Sergeant, assignment. Member Local Public Safety Com. and Com. on Loans. Roberts, Herbert Rufus, '92 Oct., 1918 — Dec, 1918. Acting President S. A. T. C, Norwich Univ. *RoBERTS, Martha Lizzie, '86 Legal Advisory Board. Rockwell, Ethel Gessner (1915-19) July — Aug., 1918. Secretary Women's Motor Corps Service, Lynn Chapter, A. R. C. Rowe, Marian Emerson, '15 June 1, 1918 — A. R. C. Dec. 6, 1917, to Feb. 1, 1918, in Halifax, doing disaster relief work under A. R. C. State Supervisor, Home Service, Mass. and Vt. WAR RECORD 159 RuGG, Mrs. Sarah Pomeroy, '06 War-time Emergency Official Visitor, Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. Spoke in colleges on methods and ways adopted by college women for war relief. Ryan, Mary Gertrude (1912-13) April 10, 1917 — July 31, 1919. Yeoman (F) 2d class, U. S. N. R. F. Stenographer, Boston Navy Yard. Chief Yeoman, Sept. 1, 1918. Distinguished Service pin in June, 1919. *Sanborn, Laura Blanche (1913-15) Departmental Clerk, War Risk Insurance Bureau, War Dept. ScHEiN, Bertha Levine Oct., 1917 — Feb. 23, 1919. War Camp Community Service. Co-worker in Community House at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. Assistant Hostess in Community House. Scott, Mrs. Florence Bentley (1911-12) May 20, 1916 — Jan. 29, 1919. Harvard Unit. Base Hospital Work at 22d General Hospital at Camiers, France. Operating Team Work at No. 17 Casualty Clearing Station in Belgium, summer of 1917. Nurse in charge of British Ambulance Train No. 38, summer and fall of 1918. Shadman, William Garfield (1915-18) June, 1918. V. March 23, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Secretary, Italy. Italian Service Stripes. Honorary Captain in Royal Italian Army. Shattuck, Anna W. Feb. 3, 1919 — Reconstruction Aide in Occupational Therapy of Med. Dept., Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C. Shepherd, Ada Louise Bascom (1919) July, 1915 — Jan., 1919. Harvard Unit, serving with British Expeditionary Force. Awarded British Royal Red Cross, 2d class. Shook, James Purman, '00 July — Sept., 1918. Camp Pastor at Camps Sevier and Jackson, S. C. Simkovitch, Mrs. Mary Kingsbury, '90 Chairman in Social Welfare Committee of the Mayor's Committee of National Defense. Greenwich House, New York City. Sloan, Charles Harrison (1917-18) Legal Advisory Board, Weston, Mass. Smiley, Edmund Lewis, '00 Oct. 30, 1918 — Y. M. C. A. Embarkation Port, Brest, France, Dec. 15, 1918. Social and Religious Director of Liberty Hut, and Educational Lecturer throughout Divisional Area. Annecy Leave Area as Religious Work Director, April 15 to May 15, 1919. Lecturer and Religious Worker at Embarkation Center of Le Mans. Smith, Laura Gertrude, '18 (as of 'lO). April, 1917 — June 30, 1919. Post-Office Dept., Censorship of Foreign Newspapers. 160 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Smith, Mrs. Mabell Shippie Clarke, '87 Feb. 15, 1918 — March 8, 1919. Confidential Work in Postal Service of U. S. A., in which a knowledge of languages was essential. Smith, Mrs. Mildred Bates, '13 March 18, 1918 — Salvation Army. Overseas, April 16, 1918. Whole summer spent in Baccarat Sector, five kilometers from firing-line, with 77th and 37th Divi- sions. In September transferred to Toul Sector. One of the first American girls to cross No Man's Land into German towns after armistice was signed. Snow, William Brackett, '85 Associate Member Legal Advisory Board. Directed a group of modern language men under the Espionage Act, reading publications in foreign languages, and canceling for Post-Ofiice Dept. unpatriotic passages. Soulliere, Iola Beatrice (1913-15) May 1, 1918 — Sept. 1, 1918. Woman's Land Army of America. Spencer, William Sawyer, '93 Y. M, C. A. Transport Service, June, 1918. Hut Service, July to Dec, 1918. Artillery School, Camp Meucon, France. Lecturer in Educational Dept., France, Jan. to June, 1919. Sprague, Robert James, '97 March 6, 1919 — Y. M. C. A. Lecturing on political, economic, and sociological subjects in army camps in France. Stalker, Frank J. (1904-05) March 1, 1918. A. R. C. Dental Captain, France and Balkans. Stone, Madiros Kevork (1914-16) Scout Master. Campaign Manager, United War Work drive and Armenian and Syrian Relief campaign. Stover, Gladys Evelyn (1912-14) Jan., 1919 — Y. M. C. A. Assigned Feb. 26, 1919, to M. A. P., Brest, France, as Asst. Secretary. Work in memorial John B. Ellis Hut, Base No. 5. Special commendation from Lieut. Colonel in command. Sturtevant, Marian Andrews, '99 Motor Corps of National League for Women's Service. 1st Lieut., Passaic Motor Corps. Drove wounded in New York and Passaic, and Camp Merritt, N. J. Wrote Women's Column on war activities for Passaic daily paper. Sweetser, George Albert (1890-91) Government Appeal Agent, Div. No. 33, Mass. Local Food Administration, Wellesley, Mass. Speaker for Mass. Public Safety Com. Special volunteer representative of the Dept. of Justice of the U. S. regarding alien enemies and prospective Red Cross workers. Talbot, Marion, '80 Special Course in Conservation of Food at Univ. of Chicago under auspices Food Administration. Organized and promoted various kinds of war work among students of the university. tVAR RECORD 161 Taylor, Mary Katharine, '10 Aug., 1918 — A. R. C. Base Hospital No. 31, Contrexeville, France (Advanced Lorraine Sector), Sept., 1918, to Feb., 1919. Casualty Searcher and Home Service Representative. Work consisted of getting information from the men in the hospital concerning soldiers reported missing and killed. Home Service work consisted of solving as far as possible the home problems of the men- Wrote to relatives at home details of death and burial of the men who died in the hospital. Sent weekly reports on men too seriously wounded to write home themselves. Evacuation Hospital No. 9, Coblenz, Germany. Work here similar, but medical instead of surgical cases. After signing of armistice was sent to Metz to help care for allied prisoners returning from Germany. Thibodeau, Earle Thomas (1917-18) Sept. 10 — Dec. 13, 1918. Draft Board Clerk, Hancock Co., Ellsworth, Me. Thomas, Helen Louise, '90 Y. W. C. A., Jan. to April, 1919. Special Commission to England to study changes in mental attitude of women, on religious and social questions, as a result of the war. Observation trip to Paris. City Secretary, Dept. Con- vention and Conferences, National Board, Y. W. C. A. Thomas, Mabel, '93 United States Public Service Reserves. Thompson, Albert Alexander, '20 (ex. '18) Jan. 17, 1918. V. Feb. 16, 1920. Ship Draftsman, 3d class, attached to office of Superintending Constructor, U. S. N., Quincy, Mass. Tomlinson, Marion Treadwell, '09 July, 1917 — Secretary St. Lawrence Co. Chapter, A. R. C, Potsdam, N. Y. TowNSEND, Mrs. Harrietts Ellen Stone, '95 Member Finance Committee, Melrose Branch, Metropolitan Chapter, A. R. C. Trout, Julia Frances, '86 Oct., 1917 — May, 1919. Organized committees of saleswomen for Liberty Loans, Fairfield Co., Ohio. Co. Chairman, Fairfield Co. National Woman's Liberty Loan Committee. *TucKER, Leroy, '03 1918. Y. M. C. A. war work in France. TuTHiLL, Charles Julian, '90 May 26, 1917 — Sept. 11, 1918. Private, Mass. State Guard, D. Co., 17th Reg. Inf. Member Public Safety Committee, Mattapoisett, Mass. TUTTLE, ROLLIN SiMPSON (1911-14, 1919-20) Camp Pastor, Devens, Nov., 1917 to April, 1918, Military Psychology in Wesleyan Univ. S. A. T. C. Censored German news- papers for the Dept. of Justice during 1917-18. Uhl, Grace Barr, '00 Jan., 1919. Q. M. C, Boston Depot. 162 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Van Riper, Mrs. Mildred Kennard, '15 July, 1917 — April, 1918. Y. M. C. A. Canteen Service in France, July, 1917. Lecture tour through all southern camps under auspices of Educational Dept. of the Y. M. C. A., May, 1918. Hdqrs. Staff of A. R. C. at Southern Dept., Atlanta, Ga., as Home Service Director. Wadsworth, Mary L. (1916-19) 1917-18. Food Facts Bureau, Boston. Walker, Emma E. (1917-18) 1917-18. Food Conservation Com., Newton, Mass. Director Newton Surgical Dress- ings Com. Ware, Mrs. Charlotte Barrell, '85 At request of Food Production Com. of Mass. organized original Com. on Food Conservation and served as member. Agricultural Adviser of N. E. Branch Woman's Farm and Garden Asso., which, at request of Women's Council of Defense, organized and directed units of women on farms in Mass. Chair- man Education Com., N. E. Branch Woman's Nat. Farm and Garden Asso. Weeks, William E. (1901-02) A. R. C. Hon. Member Daughters of the Nation, Member of Com. on all Liberty Loans and United War Drive. Chairman Com. to secure positions for returned soldiers and sailors. Chairman Com. on Morale. Chairman Com. on Welcome Home Celebration. Wheat, Frank Irving, '87 Four-Minute Man, Los Angeles, Calif. Wheeler, David Stone, '00 Jan. 28, 1919 — Aug. 1, 1919. Y. M. C. A. Education Secretary, Greater Boston District. Whiting, Katharine Aldrich, '99 July, 1919 — Oct., 1919. A. L. A. Library War Service. Packed books in Widener Library. Whittemore, Elinor (1916-18) Aug. 9, 1918 — March 22, 1919. Over-There Theater League, Y. M. C. A., Entertainment of American troops (violinist). French Front, Aug. to Oct., 1918; Italy and Austria, Oct. to Dec, 1918; A. O., Germany, Dec, 1918 to Feb., 1919; Southern France (leave areas), Feb. to March, 1919. Wildes, Mildred Aldrich, '12 Aug., 1918 — Jan., 1919. Acted as Retail Price Reporter for Food Administration, Fitchburg, Mass. Worman, Mrs. Dorothy Rand, '14 U.S. Food Administration. Organized work ofRetail Price Reporting in Attleboro. COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FACULTY Baade, Paul W. JunelS, 1907, West Point. Graduated 1911. 2d Lieut., Inf., June 13,1911; 11th Inf., Fort Russell, Wyo., and Texas City, Tex. 1st Lieut., July 1, 1916. WAR RECORD 163 8th Inf., Manila, and Fort McKinley, P. I., Dec. 4 to July 14, 1917. Captain, May 15, 1917, 54th Inf., Chickamauga Park, Ga., and Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 322d Inf., Camp Sevier, S. C, and France. Major, June 7, 1918. In France, July 31, 1918, to June 18, 1919. In charge Foreign Officers' School, 6th Div. Lieut. Colonel, Oct. 16, 1918. Defensive Sectors: Vosges and Ver- dun. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Bellatty, Charles E. Member Committee on Recruiting in Boston. Publicity Agent for Combined Federal and State Campaign against Social Disease among civilian popula- tion and drafted men. Chairman College Committee on United War Work Campaign. Assisted in publicity work in Red Cross Drive, 1918. Execu- tive Director, Mass. Health Com. Prepared course in Advertising for In- struction of soldiers in France. Assisted Boston Com. on Public Safety in Baby Saving Campaign, 1919. In charge of publicity for U. S. Public Health Service. Counselor for returned soldiers at Boston University. Letters of commendation from Surgeon General's office of War Dept., from Public Health Service, and from State Health Commissioners of fifteen States. Center, Harry Bryant, '00 Instruction in Navigation at C. B. A. Instructed about 200 officers and en- listed men in Navy and Naval Reserve in Navigation, Mathematics, Seaman- ship, and Nautical Astronomy. Faculty Director, B. U. Naval Unit. *CoLLiNS, Harold E. {v. C. L. A. Fac.) Davis, Roy Sept. — Dec, 1918. Associated with Prof. Charles P. Huse in charge of War Issues Course. In charge of courses in English for S. A. T. C. at College of Business Administra- tion and at Law School, Boston Univ. *GoGGiN, Walter J. Plattsburg. Lord, Everett William, '00 August 1, 1918 — United States Employment Service. Federal Director for Massachusetts. Organized employment offices in every city and town. Secured labor for all war industries. Supervised and controlled all advertising for labor. McNamara, William E., Mrs. Jan. 1, 1918 — Dec, 1919. Member of Efficiency Board, State House, Boston, Mass. Organizer of Influenza Camps during epidemic in Mass. National Civic Federation. N. E. Section. Parsons, Leavitt C. Oct. 14, 1913. V. April 19, 1919. Private, 1st Corps Cadets, N. G. Sergeant, Q. M. C, 26th Div. 2d Lieut. Overseas, Oct. 8, 1917. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Marne-Aisne Defensive. Army War College, Washington, Oct., 1918. Detailed member Gen. Staff, U. S. A., as Captain. Engagements at Soissons and Chateau- Thierry. Torpedoed on Mt. Vernon on way home from France, Sept. 6, 1918. Organized entraining system for A. E. F. Letter of commendation from Gen. Pershing. 164 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Perry, Joseph Earl First Corps Cadets Business and Professional Men's Military Training School. Mass. S. G., Co. F, 11th Reg. Volunteers. Liberty Loan, Exec. Com. of Mass., Com. on Citizens of Foreign Birth or Descent. Member Speaking Staff N. E. Com. Exec. Com., Belmont Liberty Loan Com. Chairman District Com. General Com., Cambridge, Mass. F. M. M. Exec. Com., Belmont Public Safety Com. Chairman Transportation Com. Chairman Belmont War Chest Drive. Asso. Member, L. A. B. Exec. Com., Greater Boston Junior Drive, Y. M. C. A. Director Publicity, and Mem- bership Com., Belmont A. R. C. Exec. Com., Middlesex Dist. Boy Scouts, Power, Ralph Lester April 30, 1918. L July 2, 1919. Army Field Clerk. Statistics Branch, Gen. Staff, Washington, for one month. Overseas. General Staff, Historical Section. Stationed twice at Hdqrs. Services of Supply, and twice at Gen. Hdqrs. Waters, John Oct. 14, 1918. Assisted in employing draftsmen to draw plans for Govt, shipyards. Employed as Secretary to Federal Director for Mass. of U. S. Employment Service. Whitehead, Harold Nov., 1918 — April, 1919. Educational Director of work for soldiers, sailors, and marines who lost eyesight while in service. Summer, 1918, Washington, D. C, Asst. National Secretary to American Council on Education. Assisted in publicity given to S. A. T. C. and in keeping colleges and universities posted as to the develop- ment of the plans of the War Dept. MILITARY Abbe, Charles Minott April 7, 1917. V. Dec. 8, 1918. Seaman 2d class, U. S. N, R. Bumkin Island, Hingham, and Wakefield Training Camps. Instructor in small arms firing at Wakefield Rifle Range. Adams, Ernest Clayton March 6, 1918. I. Jan. 6, 1919. Ordnance Course at Dartmouth. Ordnance training at Camp Hancock, Ga. Camp Cody, New Mexico, July 1, 1918. Sergeant. Ordnance Sergeant. Adams, Porter H. April 4, 1917. V. Jan. 21, 1919. Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Dept. of Justice. Oificer in charge of Naval Intelligence, Rockland, Me., May, 1917. In charge of all Section Intelligence Officers of 1st Naval Dist., June, 1918. Aide to Commandant, U. S. Naval Air Station, Chatham, Mass., Sept., 1918. Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. Adams, William L. Aug. 23, 1917 — March 5, 1919. Captain Inf., Plattsburg Training Camp. Machine Gun Range Officer, Springfield Armory, Mass., Dec, 1917. Command, Machine Gun School of Instruction, Rock Island Arsenal, 111., April, 1918. Bn. Commander, 151st D. B., Camp Devens, Sept., 1918. WAR RECORD 165 A'Hearn, Leonard William March 25, 1917. I. March 4, 1919. Enlisted 9th Mass. Inf., June, 1916. Five months on Mexican Border. Mustered out of Federal service Nov., 1916. Inducted into Federal Service March, 1917, by order of the President. Corporal, May, 1917. Sergeant, Aug., 1917. 101st Regt., formed in Sept., 1917. Sailed for France in Sept. Commissioned 2d Lieut., Inf., May, 1918. Assigned to Co. D, 11th Inf., 5th Div., May 21. Wounded July; discharged from hospital as physically unfit for combat service; ordered to England. Stationed at Southampton, England, as Adjutant at U. S. Embarkation Office. Relieved from duty Feb., 1919. Arrived New York Feb., 1919. Discharged at Camp Dix March 4, 1919. Alexander, Ketchum A. July 2, 1917. V. Aug. 5, 1919. Six trips as Seaman 2d class, U. S. S. Covington. After torpedoing of U. S. S. Covington, transferred to Rochefort, France. Bordeaux, Dec. 30, 1917. U. S. S. Alaskan, April 25, 1919. Allen, Raymond D. May 17, 1918. I. Feb. 15, 1919. Private, Chem. Warfare Service, U. S. A., May 17, 1918. Corporal, Nov. 1, 1918. Cost Accounting Section of Chem. Warfare Service, N. Y. City. Altman, Isadore Irving Jan. 15, 1918. V. Jan. 25, 1919. U. S. A., Ordnance Dept. Chief Clerk, Atlas Powder Co., ammonium ni- trate plant, Perryville, Md. Anderson, Beriger F. April 18, 1917. V. June 23, 1919. Engineering instruction at Wentworth Institute. Overseas, Sept. 25, 1917, with Co. A, 101st Engrs. Corporal, Oct. 1, 1918. Wounded at Verdun Oct. 14, 1918. Arrived in U. S. A. Jan. 3, 1919. Discharged from Base Hospital, Camp Devens, June 21, 1919. Chemin-des-Dames, Marne-Aisne, Meuse- Argonne. *Anderson, George D. Reserve Flying Corps, U. S. Naval Attach^, England. *Annable, Benjamin M. U. S. A. Atkinson, Francis April 6, 1918. V. June 8, 1919. Batt. E, 105th F. A., 27th Div. Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and Camp Stuart, Va. St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Wounded, and in hospital seven months. AuTY, Herbert William May 20, 1917. V. Aug. 4, 1919. Batt. F, 102d F. A., 26th Div. Overseas, Aug., 1917, to March, 1919. Chemin-des-Dames, Seicheprey, Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and Argonne Forest. Struck by an army truck at Camp Devens, causing detention in hospital four months. 166 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Bacon, Ernest Walcott Dec. 20, 1917. V. June 20, 1919. U. S. N. R. F. Reported at Bumkin Island, Boston Harbor, Dec. 20, 1917. Acting Petty Officer, Jan. 25, 1918, assisting in training recruits. Took examinations for Reserve Officers' School, Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Mach. Section aboard S. C. 264, May 7, 1918. Transferred to Boston. Annapolis, June 10, 1918. U. S. S. Charleston, Sept. 18, doing convoy duty. Portsmouth Navy Yard. Boston Receiving Ship. U. S. S. Delaware. Cruise to Guantanamo. Period of maneuvering and target practice. Nor- folk, Va. Ordered to proceed home. Bagley, Vera I. Oct. 26, 1917 — Dec. 26, 1918. U. S. N. R. F. Cost Inspection Dept., Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy, Mass. Enlisted as Yeoman (F) 1st class. Chief Yeoman (F), July 1, 1918. Baker, Lawrence A. April 8, 1917. V. March 20, 1919. Overseas, July, 1918, with Supply Co., 71st Art., C. A. C. Angiers, France, Sergeant and Sergeant Major, and given charge of all regimental supplies. Ball, Chester Spafford Nov. 6, 1917. V. Med. Dept. Recruiting Station, 755 Boylston St., Boston, Mass., Nov., 1917, to April, 1918. Post Hospital, Fort Ethan Allen, Vt., April to May, 1918. Brown Univ., Providence, R. I., June, 1918. Hdqrs., New England Dept. D. Surg. O., Boston, Mass., Jan., 1919. Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Feb., 1919. Top Sergeant in Port Surgeon's Office, Commonwealth Pier, Feb., 1919. Bamberg, Charles Aug. 29, 1918. V. Jan. 17, 1919. Chief Storekeeper, Navy Yard, Boston. Passed examination for Officer- Material School for Pay Corps. Pelham Bay Park Training Camp, New York, Nov. 29, 1918. *Bangs, Louis S. 101st Engrs., France. Died in action July 23, 1918. Barrett, Milton Joseph June 29, 1917. V. Oct. 11, 1919. Sergeant, 1st Supply Tr., 1st Div., A. E. F. England, France, Germany, Belgium, and Poland. Montdidier-Noyon Defensive. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne OiFensives. A. O., Germany. Wounded in action, June 10, 1918. In charge civilian affairs in Standt, Germany. Cited in Special Orders Hdqrs., 1st Div., for bravery under fire. *Barron, Robert Killed at the United States flying school at Essington, Penn., Wednesday, Aug, 22, 1917. Attempted to rescue two fellow students whose machine was stalled and plunging from a high altitude. Bartlett, Newell V. Dec. 11, 1917. V. WAR RECORD 167 Seaman 1st class, Newport Naval Training Station. Harvard Radio School, June 6, 1918. Elec. 3d class, U. S. S. ConnersviUe, sailing Great Lakes, South American Coast, and France. Electrician 2d class. Radio. Bellows, Harold Adams April 9, 1917. V. March 15, 1918. Brooklyn Navy Yard, April, 1917. Naval Amm. Depot, Hingham, Mass., June, 1917. Corporal, Sept. 27, 1917. Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1918. Belson, Samuel L. June 1, 1917. V. April 29, 1919. Enlisted with 8th Mass. Inf. June 1, 1917. Transferred to 104th Inf. as Wagoner. Div. Hdqrs., 26th Div., Sergeant. Q. M. C, April 16, 1918. Sergeant 1st class, Q. M. C, Nov. 16, 1918. Camp Bartlett, Westfield, July 15, 1917. Overseas, Sept. 26, 1917. Chemin-des-Dames Sector, Feb. 6, 1918, to March 21, 1918. La Reine Sector April 3, 1918, to June 28, 1918. Pas Fini Sector,Chateau-Thierry, July 18,1918, to July 25, 1918. Troyon Sector, St. Mihiel Salient, Sept. 8, 1918, to Oct. 8, 1918. Neptune Sector Oct. 18 to Nov. 14, 1918. Bermbach, George J. (1918) Translator for Intelligence Dept., U. S. N. *Berrie, Allyn M. (Ex.-'20) Died at U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 6, in France, Oct. 9, 1918. *BiRD, Nichols W. U. S. A. Birmingham, Carl P. Dec. 1, 1917. V. Private, Q. M. C, Dec. 1, 1917. Corporal, Q. M. C, Aug. 15, 1918. Ser- geant, Q. M. C, Nov. 15, 1918. Sergeant 1st class, Q. M. C, March 7, 1919. Camp Jos. E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla. Overseas, Bordeaux, France, May 11, 1919. Q. M. Depot, Service of Supply, Rochefort-sur-Mer, May 21, 1918. Q. M. Office, S. O. S., A. O., Antwerp, Belgium, May 9, 1919. *BiRRELL, George W. U. S. A. *Blair, Earle M. Ord. Dept., U. S. A., overseas. Blaisdell, Glen Roy Dec. 6, 1917. V. Nov. 12, 1919. Veterinary Corps, U. S. A. Private 1st class, June to Nov. 7, 1918. Farrier, France and Germany, Aug. 14, 1918, to Nov. 9, 1919. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Blakeley, Harold Whittle May 12, 1917. V. Training Camp, Plattsburg, N. Y., summer of 1916. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg, May 12, 1917. 2d Lieut., F. A., Reg. Army, Oct. 26, attached 77th F. A., 19th Cav. Transferred to 4th F. A., Dec, 1917. Temporary 1st Lieut., July 9, 1918. Transferred to 1st F. A., Aug., 1919. Aide-de-Camp to Brig. General L. L. Lawson, Dec, 1918. Relieved, and transferred to 4th F. A., Feb., 1919. Stationed at Forth Ethan Allen, Vt.; Camp Shelby, Mass.; 168 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Camp Greene, N. C; Camp Johnston, Fla.; Camp Logan, Tex.; Camp Stanley, Tex.; and Fort Sill, Okla. *Blumenthal, Joseph Aviation Corps, 1917. *BOLAND, KeLLS ShEPARD Eighteen months with 101st Engrs. in France. BoTT, Thomas Henry, Jr. Aug. 29, 1918. V. Jan. 11, 1919. Field Art., C. O. T. S., Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Ky., Sept. 1, 1918. 2d Lieut., F. A. R. C, Jan. 1 1, 1919. Boulter, Edward P. Oct. 17, 1916. V. July 5, 1919. 2d Canadian Field Batt., Canadian Expeditionary Forces. Trained in England at ShorneclifFe Camp, Kent, for two months. Gassed and injured at Passchen- daele in fall of 1917, necessitating hospital care for four months. March, 1918, went to France again with 10th Canadian Siege Batt. Transferred to 11th Batt. in same brigade. Employed since the armistice with the Canadian y. M. C. A. A. O. Participated in engagements at Hill 70, Sens, Passchen- daele, Arras, Ypres, Amiens, Cambrai, and Mons. BowDEN, Everett Franklin March 20, 1918. L Dec. 30, 1918. Private, Ord. Dept., U. S. A. Asst. to Personnel Officer, Ord. Detach., U. S. Nitrate Plant No. 1, Sheffield, Ala. Accounting Dept. Bowers, Frederick E. July 18, 1918. V. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg, N. Y., as one of twenty-five B. U. candidates. Plattsburg July 18, 1918, to Sept. 26, 1918, as Private. 2d Lieut., Camp Grant, 111., Inf. Replacement Depot, Sept. 27, 1918. Boyd, Fred T. April 6, 1918. V. April 17, 1919. Electrician 2d class. Radio. U. S. Naval Radio School, Newport, R. I., Norfolk, Va. A. S. N. Radio Station, Cayer, Porto Rico, Dec. 27, 1918. San Juan, P. R., Jan. 10 to April 17, 1919. BoYER, Charles Leroy May 16, 1918. V. Dec. 23, 1918. Harvard R. O. T. C. 4th Co., 4th O. T. S., 76th Div., Camp Devens, Mass. 5th Co., C. O. T. S., Camp Lee, Va. 186th Gr., S. A. F. S., Camp Perry, Ohio. 8th Bn. Replacements, Camp Lee, Va. Commissioned 2d. Lieut., Inf., Aug. 26, 1918. Boyle, Matthew James March 6, 1917. V. Nov. 15, 1919. Private 1st class, 102d M. G. Bn., Aug. 5, 1917, 26th Div. Overseas, Sept. 21, 1917. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Chateau-Thierry, July 5, 1917. Wounded at Seicheprey, April 20, 1918; in hospital two months. In hospital four months for wound received at Ch&teau-Thierry. *Boynton, Joseph P. Enlisted in the United States Naval Hospital Corps, 1918, Newport, R. I. WAR RECORD 169 Bradley, M. Somers Nov. 29, 1917. V. July 1, 1919. Motor Convoy Service between Detroit and Baltimore, 1918. Sergeant Major, Motor Supply Tr. 429, New York City. Brainard, Robt. F. June 4, 1918. V. Dec. 9, 1918. Private, Corporal, Sergeant, Camp Jackson, S. C. 1st Sergeant, Supply Co. No. 31, F. A., Camp Meade, Md., Aug., 1918. *Brennan, John Q. M. C, Florida, Dec, 1917. Brewer, Francis Payne Feb. 3, 1909. V. In Regular Service. U. S. N. Promoted from Lieut. J. G., to Lieut. S. G. Sept. 20, 1918. At- tached to U. S. transport Abraham Lincoln during engagement with German submarine, May 31, 1918. After sinking was in open boat fourteen hours. Commended for courageous and heroic action during the sinking of the transport. Brigham, Paul Tracy May 31, 1918. V. March 15, 1919. Private, U. S. M. C, Norfolk, Va. Brockson, Washington Irving Jan. 5, 1918. V. Jan. 30, 1919. 3d O. T. S., Camp Meade, Jan. 5, 1918. Graduated April 19, 1918, with grade Officer Cand., and transferred to 313th Inf., Camp Meade. Trans- ferred to Inf. Replacement Camp, Camp Lee, Va., May 20, 1918. Com- missioned 2d Lieut., Inf., June 1, 1918. Transferred to IS 1st D. B., Camp Devens, June 24, 1918. Transferred to 36th Inf., Camp Devens, Oct. 30, 1918. *Brokaw, Sherman Seal March 21, 1917. V. Lost at sea Dec. 13, 1917. Member crew, S. S. Shada, S. P. 580. Volunteered for extra hazardous duty Dec. 13, 1917; body never recovered. Cited by Commander John Nelson, 1st Naval Dist. Broude, David Aug. 24, 1917. V. July 8, 1919. Yeoman 1st class, Boston Section Naval Base. Chief Yeoman, March 1, 1918, Bookkeeping Dept., Boston Section Base, Supply Dept. Warrant Officer (Pay Corps). Asst. Supply Officer, Boston, Aug. 29, 1918. Brown, Albert March 6, 1918. V. Feb. 26, 1919. Corporal, Oct. 1, 1918; Sergeant, Dec. 2, 1918; Ordnance Sergeant, Jan. 2, 1919. At Fort Slocum, N. Y., March 6, 1918, to March 11, 1918. Trans- ferred to Dartmouth College, March 11, 1918; Camp Hancock, Ga., April 26, 1918; Camp Upton, N. Y., June 20, 1918. Brown, Carlton H. May 30, 1918. I. Aug. 2, 1918. 15th Service Co., Signal Corps, Fort Leavenworth, Kan. 170 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Browne, Cornelius J. May 22, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. France, Sept. 7, 1917, with 101st Inf. Corporal, Oct. 1, 1917. Chemin-des- Dames, Seicheprey, and Chateau-Thierry. Blind ten days from gas; in hospital six weeks. Citation from 2d Army Hdqrs. Bryant, Lyman George Feb. 20, 1918. V. Jan. 25, 1919. Sanitary Corps, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C. Hdqrs. Gas Defense Service, Washington, D. C. Hdqrs. Gas Defense Div., Chemical Warfare Service, N. Y. City, July 20, 1918. Sergeant 1st class. *BuDGELL, Paul T. U. S. N. R. *BuRBANK, Edward A. U. S. N. R. Burke, Charles Daniel Dec. 5, 1917. V. July 7, 1919. Fort Slocum, Dec. 5, 1917; Camp Johnston, Dec. 13. Sergeant, Feb., 1918. France, March 28, 1918, to June 22, 1919. *BuRKE, Patrick J. Regimental Sergeant Major in Balloon Section of the Army. BuRRAGE, Philip Arthur May 2, 1917. V. Feb. 24, 1919. Corporal, 101st Engrs. Wentworth Institute, July, 1917. English hospital six weeks with scarlet fever. France, Dec. 1, 1917. Construction work until Feb. 1, 1918. Gassed July 20, 1918; hospital until Oct. 8, 1918. Advance Supply Depot, Is-sur-Tille. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Seiche- prey. BuRRELL, Richard G. Dec. 4, 1917. V. April 5, 1919. Private, Q. M. C, U. S. A., Fort Slocum, N. Y. Camp Johnston, Fla., Dec. 15, 1917. Corporal, April 19, 1918. O. T. S., Camp Johnston, June 26, 1918. 2d Lieut., Q. M. C, General Supply Depot, New Orleans, La. Pay- master and Asst. Zone Finance Officer. Bush, Herman Louis June 26, 1916. V. Nov. 10, 1919. 1st Sergeant, Co. B, 102d M. G. Bn. Chemin-des-Dames, Seicheprey, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Severely wounded in action near Verdun Nov. 9, 1918. Distinguished Service Cross; Croix de Guerre; G. O. No. 21, Par. 5. Cahill, Charles Harold March 20, 1918. V. Nov. 23, 1918. Signal Corps. Air Service. Sergeant 1st class. O. T. C, Camp Lee, Va. Cain, George Alva April 27, 1918 — Feb. 21, 1919. Seaman 2d class. Chief Boatswain, Oct. 15, 1918. Ensign (deck), U. S. N. R. F., Feb. 20, 1919. *Cain, Joseph L. Aero Pilot, U. S. A. WAR RECORD 171 Caisse, Eugene J. May 7, 1917. V. Dec. 5, 1918. U. S. N. Fireman 3d class, U. S. S. Nevada. Fractured knee; discharged March 15, 1918. Drafted on Aug. 29, 1918. Private, Med. Detach., Base Hospital, Camp Upton, L. I, Discharged Dec. 5, 1918. *Calderwood, Huron P. Q. M. C, Camp Joseph Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla. Caldwell, Howard Elry May 14, 1918. V. Feb. 8, 1919. Seaman 1st class, U. S. N. R. F. At New London, Conn., for active duty, June 3, 1918; training class for three weeks. Stationed on patrol boat and did patrol duty In Long Island Sound. During last two weeks of service, transferred to Newport, R. L *Capone, a. Arthur Aviation Corps. Carberg, Warren C. (1919) July, 1917 — Jan. 25, 1919. Enlisted in the 8th Mass. Inf., March 22, 1916. Overseas, with 103d U. S. Inf., Sept. 26, 1917. Corporal. Served overseas seventeen months. Wounded. Battle of Xivray. Marne-Aisne Offensive. Carmichael, Daniel J. Nov. 30, 1917. V. Oct. 8, 1919. Receiving Ship, Boston, Hingham, Mass., Oct. 8, 1919. Chief of Staff's Office, Boston Navy Yard. Commonwealth Pier, three months. Thirteen trips between U. S. ports and France. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. S. Calamares. Carpenter, Darwin P. April 24, 1918. V. May 28, 1919. Corporal, Coast Art., Aug. 25, 1918. Q. M. C, Aug. 31, 1918, Fort Constitu- tion, N. H. *Carter, Donald Augustus July 6, 1917. V. Two months with Harvard R. O. T. C. Two weeks in Homeopathic Hospital, Boston, awaiting call with Unit 39. Killed by accident, Sept. 13, 1917. Carter, Manson Hildreth Dec. 4, 1917. V. July 5, 1919. Private, U. S. A.; promoted to rank of 2d Lieut. Overseas service. *Q. M. C. Dept., Jacksonville, Fla., and Atlanta, Ga. Cass, Kingman P. May 12, 1917. V. April 8, 1919. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg, N. Y., May 12, 1917. 2d Lieut., Q. M. C, Aug. 15, 1917. Utilities Detach., Camp Devens, Mass., Aug. 29, 1917. 1st Lieut., Q. M. C, March 15, 1918. Executive Officer for Camp Utilities, Camp Wheeler, Ga., Sept. 6, 1918. Caswell, John, Jr. July, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. Plattsburg, 1916. Harvard R. O. T. C, 1916. Mass. N. G., Jan. 9, 1917. Sup. Sergeant, Hdqrs. Detach., 101st Engrs., 26th Div., Aug. 18, 1917. Ord. Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1917. 2d Army Inf.,Cand. School, Nov. 7, 1918. 172 BOSTON UNIVERSITY 2d Lieut., March 21, 1919. Overseas, Oct., 1917, to March 26, 1919. Chemin- des-Dames and Toul Sectors. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne OflFensives. *Cawley, Paul U. S. N. R. Chamberlain, Francis Leon Aug. 6, 1918. L Feb. 3, 1919. Syracuse Recruit Camp. Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla., Q. M. C. Overseas, Co. 6, A. R. D., Oct. 26 to Dec. 11, 1918. Q. M. C. Depot, Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 12, 1918. Chamberlain, Walter T. June 25, 1918. V. Dec. 23, 1918. Active duty, U. S. N. R. F., July 5, 1918. Hingham; Wakefield Rifle Range; Commonwealth Pier; Framingham; Q. M, Terminal, So. Boston; Common- wealth Pier. Seaman 2d class. Chapman, John Leonard July 27, 1917. V. Feb. 8, 1919. Med. Corps, Fort Slocum, N. Y. 6th U. S. Inf., Med. Attach., Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. 3d Inf., O. T. C, Fort Oglethorpe, Jan. 5, 1918. Graduated as Sergeant of Inf. Camp Gordon, Ga., May 2, 1918. 2d Lieut. Inf., June 1, 1918. Spruce Production Division Air Service, Portland, Ore., July 2, 1918. Chase, W^alter M. May 7, 1917. V. July 8, 1919. Clerk, rank of Sergeant, May 7, 1917. Chief Clerk, rank of Sergeant 1st class. May 1, 1918, with U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 5 (Harvard Unit from Peter Bent Brigham Hospital). In Flanders area attached to the British forces. May, 1917, to March, 1919. Arrived in U. S. A. April, 1919. *Clain, Frank L. U. S. A. Claman, Herman Robert Sept. 29, 1918. D. Dec. 18, 1918. Private, Co. 11, 3d Bat., Camp Dix, N. J. Non-com. school, Co. D, 7th Bat., Rep. Camp, Camp Lee, Va., Oct. 31. Private, Co. 1, Bat. 1, Camp Devens, Dec. 16 to Dec. 18, 1918. Clare, Richard W. Discharged Feb, 24, 1919. Entire service in U. S. *Clark, Earle R. U. S. N. Ensign, S. N. T. U. Clark, John Thomas May 15, 1918. V. Feb. 1, 1919. U. S. N. R. F. Naval Training Station, Newport, R. I. Seaman U. S. S. Virginia; qualified as gun pointer on eight-inch turret gun. Overseas duty as convoy. Clarke, John F. June 13, 1917. V. April 26, 1919. U. S. N. R. F. U. S. S. Salem, July 26, 1917. Yeoman 1st class and Chief WAR RECORD 173 Yeoman. Convoy duty, Azorean and European stations; attached to 1st Squadron. Submarine hunting, Atlantic Fleet. Princeton Univ., Nov., 1918. Ensign (Pay Corps), Pelham Bay, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1918. Clough, Richard F. Nov. 15, 1917. V. Feb. 1, 1919. Recruit, Nov. 15, 1917, to Dec. 8, 1917. Private, 154th Aero Squadron, Dec. 8, 1917. Sergeant, Jan. 24, 1918. Fort Slocum, Kelly Field, Tex.; Scott Field, 111.; and Garden City, L. I., N. Y. Overseas, Feb. 16, 1918, to Jan. 22, 1919. England, France. Transport. Jan. 22, 1919, to Feb. 1, 1919, Garden City, L. I., N. Y. CoLviN, Leon E. •May 24, 1917. V. Sept. 26, 1919. Corporal, 7th F. A., Aug. 1, 1917; Sergeant, November, 1917; Sergeant 1st class, Hdqrs., First Div. Aisne-Marne Offensive. Montdidier-Noyon Defensive. St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. A. O., Nov. 11, 1918, to Aug. 22, 1919. *CoNNELL, James H. U. S. A. CoNNov, Charles Frank June 6, 1917. V. Jan. 4, 1919. U. S. N. Yeoman in office of Director of Naval Communication. Secret code work. Conway, James P. Aug., 1918. V. Aug. 1, 1919. N. G. Feb., 1918. Resigned commission in C. W. S. in order to go overseas, Private, 109th Engrs., 34th Div. Overseas. Conway, Oliver John Aug. 4, 1917. V. March 5, 1919. *Aviation Section, U. S. Signal Corps, Kelly Field, Tex. Corporal, Dec. 15, 1917; Sergeant, Feb. 15, 1918; 2d Lieut., U. S. Reserve, Jan. 21, 1919 (de- clined appointment). Cook, John Francis May 16, 1918. V. Oct. 20, 1919. Private, Marine Corps. Philadelphia; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; New York Navy Yard; interior of Haiti for four and one-half months. *Cramer, J. Grant Captain, Inf. One and one-half years overseas. Asst. Military Attach6 at Copenhagen; also at Intelligence Office, Washington. Crapo, Arland Randall April 1, 1918. I. Dec. 17, 1918. Private 1st class, M. I. T. Army Aviation Corps. Chemical Warfare Service. Edgewood Arsenal, Md., in the Commanding Officer's office as Post Clerk. Crocker, George Gordon Jan. 17, 1918. V. Aug. 8, 1919. Petty Officer, 1st class, U. S. N. Cost inspection work. *Crocker, Joseph S. Chief Yeoman, U. S. N. 174 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Cronk, Hugh D. May 14, 1917 — June 6, 1919. Corporal, Sept. 1, 1917; Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1918. Overseas, 129th Inf., 33d Div., May 13, 1918. Australian Corps, July 26 to Aug. 6. Amiens and Albert Sectors; Meuse-Argonne. A. O., Germany, Nov. 15, 1918, to April 27, 1919. Citation. *Croscup, Everett J. Military Service. Croswell, Fred Burton July 14, 1917. V. June 15, 1919. Rating of Fireman, 3d class. In office of Commanding Officer, Receiving Ship, Boston. Yeoman 3d class, Oct., 1917; Yeoman 2d class, Jan., 1918; Yeoman 1st class, June, 1918; Chief Yeoman, July, 1918; Commanding Officer's Yeoman. Crowell, Charles A. Aug. 15, 1918. I. Dec. 23, 1918. Franklin Institute. Fort Strong, Fort Standish, Fort Monroe. Motor Trans- port Corp., Co. 710, Camp Hill, Va. CrvaNj Harry Edward Oct. 2, 1917. V. Feb. 21, 1919. Overseas, Oct. 29, 1917, to Feb. 9, 1919. Corporal, 200th Aero Squadron, Nov. 1, 1917. Sergeant, 496th Aero Squadron, Jan. 1, 1918. Sergeant Major, July 1,1918. *CuLLEN, Francis H. Q. M. C, U. S. A. CusHMAN, Alfred Thomas April 21, 1917, V. March 25, 1919. 6th Cav., Presidio, and San Antonio, Tex. Hdqrs., 15th Cav, Div., Fort Bliss, El Paso, Tex. Corporal, Sept. 13, 1918. Dahlstrom, Oscar J. Dec. 5, 1917. V. Private, 2d Co., C. A. C, Boston. Sergeant, Adjutant General's Dept., Dec. 5, 1917. Sergeant, Detach. Inf., Feb. 1, 1918. Bn. Sergeant Major, Detach. Inf., May 22, 1918. 1st Lieut., Adjutant General's Dept., Sept. 17, 1918. Hdqrs., N. E. Dept., Boston, Mass. Dalton, Arthur F. Sept. 7, 1918. I. Jan. 7, 1919. Private, 1st Replacement Reg., Engrs. Sergeant, Adjutant General's Dept. Dame, Alden Irwin April 17, 1917. V. March 14, 1919 (re-enlisted for one year). Corporal, July 22, 1918. Co. Clerk, July 20, 1918. Co. I, 37th Inf., Laredo, Tex., April 27, 1917. Brownsville, Tex., July 26, 1918. Damon, Philip Arthur April 21, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. Corporal, 101st Engrs. Overseas, Sept. 26, 1917. Chemin-des-Dames. Toul and Pas Fini Sectors. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. *Danforth, Melvin O. U. S. A. WAR RECORD 175 Danforth, Philip F. Aug. 26, 1918. V. Dec. 10, 1918. Plattsburg, June, 1916. O. T. S., Camp Hancock, Ga, 2d Lieut, after armis- tice was signed. Daniels, Julius May 11, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. Corporal and Sergeant, 101st Engrs., 26th Div., 2d Lieut., July 9, 1918. 1st Lieut., Aug. 28, 1918. Overseas, Sept. 25, 1917, to April 4, 1919. Aisne- Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Davis, Charles F. July 26, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. Eighteen months' overseas service. Sergeant 1st class, 101st Engrs. With 26th Div. in all engagements. Davis, Frederick Lowell, Jr. (1916-17) April, 1917. V. April 5, 1919. Corporal, Subsistence Branch, Q. M. C. Sergeant, Aug., 1918, Camp Devens. Davis, Malcolm Carter July 5, 1918. V. Dec. 14, 1918. U. S. A. Corporal, Plattsburg Barracks. Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1918. 2d Lieut., F. A., U. S. A., Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky. 2d Lieut., F. A., 35th Training Battery, F. A., C. O. T. S., to Dec. 14, 1918. Davis, Nathan June 8, 1917. V. Aug. 13, 1919. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. N. R. F. Court-Martial Yeoman, Base 19, L'Orient, France (Mine-sweeping Div.). Office of Commander U. S. Naval Forces in Brest, France. Davis, William Sweetzer, Jr. May 30, 1917. V. April 9, 1919. Five weeks' training at Fort Strong. Private, Med. Dept., U. S. Base Hospi- tal No. 6, Overseas, July 11, 1917, to March 24, 1919. Stationed at Tolence (Bordeaux), France, in U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 6. Dean, Ashley Vincent July 20, 1917. V. Jan., 1919. Seaman 2d class; Gunner's Mate 3d class; Shipfitter 2d class; Rifle, Pistol, and Machine Gun Instructor, and Gunner with the First Naval Railway Batt., France. Wakefield, Annapolis, Peekskill, Sandy Hook, Philadelphia, and Brooklyn, N. Y. Brest, St. Nazaire, Foret de Compiegne, Ambleny-Fon- tenoy, Flavy le Martel, Charny, Foret de Mondon, Sommesous-Housement. Engagements in Oise-Serre Valley and Meuse-Argonne. Dearborn, Raymond D. Nov. 18, 1917. V. Aug. 18, 1919. Clerical duty at post hospital. Fort Slocum. Sergeant, Hospital Corps, Jan. 28, 1919. *DELAHANTy, JoHN A. Aviation Section, Signal Corps, Washington, 1918. Diamond, Harold H. June 22, 1918. L Nov. 21, 1918. Private, 3d Co., C. A. C, Chesapeake Bay. Candidate, Coast Art., O. T. C, Co. B, Fort Monroe, Va., Oct., 1918. 176 BOSTON UNIVERSITY DiGGiNS, Raymond Arthur April 26, 1918. V. June 21, 1919. Argonne-Meuse OiFensive. Sergeant Major. DivvER, Matthew Francis April 12, 1917. V. April 21, 1917, to May 5, 1918, Commandant's Office, Boston, Mass. May 7, 1918, to May 15, 1918, Receiving Ship, New York. U. S. S. Huron, a transport. May 16, 1918. Yeoman 3d class, April 21, 1917; Yeoman 1st class, June 1, 1917; Chief Yeoman, April 1, 1919. Nine trips made on the transport Huron. DoHERTY, Daniel James June 18, 1918. V. Feb. 4, 1919. Seaman 2d class. Submarine Base, Provincetown, Mass., aboard submarine tender W. F. Greene. DONEGAN, ThOS. F. Sept. 1, 1917. V. Aug. 26, 1919. Sergeant Q. M. C, Camp Johnston. *Overseas, Q. M. C. Depot, Gievres, France. *DoNOVAN, Charles S. U. S. A. R. Donovan, Francis A. May 20, 1918. V. Dec. 27, 1918. Seaman 2d class, Harvard Ensign School. Ensign, Dec. 17, 1918. *DoNOVAN, John Stephen Lieut. Received commission at Camp Devens, Aug., 1918. Ordered to Camp Cody, Deming, N. M. DoRAN, William F. June, 1918. D. Jan. 23, 1919. Hdqrs. Troop, 12th Div., Camp Devens. Dow, C. Ralph Dec. 12, 1917. V. July 10, 1919. Private, Q. M. C. Sergeant, April 11, 1918. Overseas, May 2, 1918. Brest, May 10. St. Sulpice, Q. M. C. Depot No. 3, Base Section No. 2, until June 17, 1919. *Doyle, Charles R. U. S. A. Duffy, Edward H. July 20, 1917. V. Jan. 23, 1919. Corporal, Batt. B, lOlst F. A., 26 Div. Enlisted as Private, July 20, 1917. Corporal, Aug. 25, 1917. Acting Sergeant when wounded. Boxford, Mass., Sept. 6, 1917; Southampton, Eng., Sept. 23, 1917; Guer, France, Jan. 2, 1918; Chemin-des-Dames, Feb. 20, 1918; Toul, June 1, 1918; Chateau- Thierry, July 28, 1918; Bordeaux, Dec. 7, 1918; Camp Merritt, N. J., Jan. 17, 1919; Camp Devens, Jan. 23, 1919. Engagements: Chemin-des-Dames, Seicheprey, Apremont, St. Mihiel, Chateau-Thierry. Wounded at Beau- vardis Bois, Chateau-Thierry, July 28, 1918. DuNLAP, Arthur John July 1, 1918. I. Dec. 19, 1918. N. H. State College, Durham, N. H., July 1, 1918. Corporal and Corre- spondence Clerk in Ordnance Office, Fort Williams, Me., Sept. 1, 1918. WAR RECORD 177 Dunn, Harold Sidney April 23, 1917. V. Sept. 25. Seaman 1st class, June. Telephone operator, Marblehead Neck, July, East- ern Yacht Club; Bumkin Island Training Station. *DuRKiN, John 2d Lieut. DuTTON, Alfred T. April 26, 1918. I. May 8, 1919. Private, Cook and Bakers' School, Camp Devens; cooking for eight months and acting as Mess Sergeant for three months. Dyar, Warren May 14, 1917. V. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg. 2d Lieut., Camp Lee, Aug. IS, 1917. 1st Lieut., May 15, 1918. Captain, A. G. D., Oct., 1918. Detailed as Camp Insurance Officer, Camp Lee, May, 1918. Eames, Max. Pick Aug. 10, 1917. V. April 4, 1919. Camp Devens, Mass. Corporal, Q. M. C, U. S. A., Aug. 10, 1917; Sergeant, 1918. Early, John May 12, 1917. V. May 17, 1919." 2d Lieut., Inf., Aug. 15, 1917; 1st Lieut., Inf., Sept. 3, 1918. Overseas, Oct. 29, 1917, to April 25, 1919. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. C. R. Zeppelin Raid Offensive, March 9, 1918; Bois de Amien Raid, May 3, 1918. Ancerviller Secotro Defensive, June 6 to 7, 1918. Eaton, Bertram W. April 18, 1917. V. April 17, 1919. Q. M. 2d class, Oct., 1917. Coast Guard Station No. 29; U. S. S. Machigonne; Training Camp, Bumkin Island; U. S. Sub. Chaser No. 61; Charleston, S. C. Six months on convoy duty and patrol duty in war zone. *Eaton, Charles S., Jr. Aviation Squadron. Eberhardt, Willis Francis Jan. 23, 1918. V. Dec. 15, 1918. Yeoman 2d class, U. S. N. R. F. Cost Inspection in Naval Aviation. Navy Yards, Charleston and Marblehead. Burgess-Curtiss seaplane plant. Trans- ferred to B. U. S. N. T. U. Sept. 27, 1919. Eein, Philip F. July 7, 1918. D. March 1, 1919. Corporal, 68th Art., C. A. C. Fort Slocum, N. Y. Overseas, Aug. 2, 1918, to Feb. 16, 1919. Eckert, William H. Aug. 26, 1917. V. Dec. 13, 1918. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg, N. Y. Adjutants' School, Columbus, Ohio, Jan. 20, 1918. 2d Lieut., A. S. S. R. C, Corstron Field, Fla., March 6 to June 1, 1918. Don Field, Fla., to date of discharge. Post Adjt., Don Field, Fla. 1st Lieut., A. S. S. R. C, Jan. 28, 1919. 178 BOSTON UNIVERSITY *EgOj Charles J. U. S. A. Ellis, Carlos Bent April 15, 1918. V. Private, Corporal, 2d Lieut. Camp Logan, Tex.; Camp McClellan, Ala. Overseas, Sept. 1, 1918, O. T. S., F. A. Jan. 1, Embarkation Camp, Bor- deaux, France. 1st Div., A, O., Germany, May 15, 1919. Ellis, Earl White July 29, 1918 — Jan. 14, 1919. Camp at Syracuse, N. Y. Private 1st class. Chemical Warfare Service, Long Island City, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1918. Ellis, Robert Carl Oct., 1918 — Dec, 1918. Mass. Inst, of Tech. Naval Unit. Apprentice Seaman. Estes, Cyrus Alfred June 19, 1917. V. Dec. 30, 1918. Med. Corps. Fort Ethan Allen, Vt.; Camp Greene, N. C; Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Private 1st class, Nov. 17, 1917; Corporal, Jan. 18, 1918; Sergeant, April 6, 1918; 2d Lieut., Sept. 11, 1918. Ettenger, Joseph July 8, 1918. D. Jan. 25, 1919. Private, C. A. C, Fort Howard, Md. On special duty at Personnel Office. Evans, Ernest Von June 22, 1917. V. Dec. 16, 1918. Seaman, Bumkin Island. Four months at Commonwealth Pier as Captain's Orderly. Four months at Philadelphia Navy Yard as Landsman for Ma- chinist Mate. One month at Columbia Institute Engine School, N. Y. Eight months' dispatch duty in N. Y. Harbor as M. M. 1st class. Discharge from Receiving Ship, N. Y. Evans, George William Dec. 6, 1917. V. April 14, 1919. Commissary School Receiving Ship, Commonwealth Pier, So. Boston, Mass. U. S. Naval Cost Inspection Office, Squantum Yard, Squantum, Mass., Feb. 25, 1918; engaged on inspection of cost on plant construction and destroyers for fourteen months. Rank of Yeoman 2d class, Fallon, Herbert May 23, 1917. V. Aug. 9, 1919. Overseas, Brest, March 20, 1918. Corporal, G. I. S. D., Gievres, France, to April 12, 1918. Sergeant, office Chief Signal Officer, Tours. Hdqrs. Detach., 401st Telegraph Bn.; 34th Service Co., Signal Corps. Citation for meri- torious service; certificate by Gen. Pershing. ■"Farnham, J. Horace Aug., 1914. V. Killed April 25, 1918. Commissioned Lieut., Royal Air Force, Feb., 1918, in Toronto. Killed over- seas in English Training Camp. Field, John Bacon Sept. 5, 1917. D. Jan. 16, 1919. Co. K, 302d Inf. Air Service, Cornell Univ., Mineola, N. Y., and Lonoke, WAR RECORD 179 Ark., March, 1918. Picked for special training as Pursuit Pilot and sent overseas. Commissioned 2d Lieut., A. S. Aeronautics, Sept. 19, 1918. Four months' service in France. One 1,800 foot fall without receiving any injury. FiELDSEND, Ralph Dec, 1917. V. Dec, 1918. Harvard R. O, T, C. Camp J. E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla. Instructor in Enlisted Men's School. Commissioned 2d Lieut., and assigned as In- structor in O. T. S. Ordered overseas in October; orders cancelled by armis- tice. Ordered to Newport News and assigned to Army Transport Service. Finch, Horatio July 1, 1917. V. July 22, 1919. Musician 2d class. Camp McGuinness, 5th Mass. N. G., Camp Greene, N. C; Fort Oglethorpe, R. O. T. C; Camp Wadsworth, S. C; Camp Stuart, New- port News. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. FiNLAY, John April 17, 1917. V. March 19, 1919. Two months' training in Canada with Canadian Army Med. Corps. Three months' training in England with Canadian Inf. Eighteen months' active service in France and Belgium with Canadian Inf. Engagements: Passchen- daele, Amiens, Cambrai, St. Quentin Switch, Queant Dorient, Valenciennes, Mons. *FiNNERTY, Joseph P. U. S. A. R. Fish, Louis Joseph Aug. 4, 1917. V. March 4, 1919. Chief Yeoman, Med. Dept. Ensign, Pay Corps, U. S. N. R. F., Jan., 1918. Commonwealth Pier, Boston; Washington, D. C; N. Y. City. U. S. S. Weildrecht, Feb., 1918; U. S. S. Charlton Hall, March, 1918; U. S. S. Isabella, April to March, 1919. Remainder of service at Baltimore. Eight trips overseas, two submarine attacks. Fitzgerald, Thomas Acton May 11, 1917. V. Feb. 27, 1919. Plattsburg, May 11, 1917. 2d Lieut., Aug. IS, 1917. Camp Devens, Aug. 29, 1917. Overseas, July 11, 1918, to Feb. 23, 1919. *Fitzpatrick, La Terriere Enlisted May, 1918, in 602d Regt., as a French and Spanish Interpreter. From Camp Devens left for France for active duty. Flansburgh, David Washburn Nov. 28, 1917. V. Aug. 6, 1919. Automobile School and Clerical School, Camp Johnston, Fla. Paris as time- keeper at Automobile Garage and Service Park, July, 1918, to July, 1919. Sergeant, when discharged. Fletcher, William R. {v. C. L. A.) Fogg, Frank C. June 17, 1918. V. Seaman, Navy Training Station, Hingham, Mass. Cost inspection for Navy Aircraft, with rank of C. P. O., Pay Corps, Marblehead, Mass., July 22, 1918. 180 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Foley, P. Joseph Nov., 1917. V. Jan., 1918. U. S. N. Pay Corps, Officer-Material School, Bumkin Island. Rank of Paymaster. Fontaine, Armand Emery May 6, 1918. V. Feb. 21, 1919. Great Lakes Training Station. 15th Regt. Completed Aviation Armorers' Course and took further training in aerial guns. G. M. 1st class (A). In- structor in Aviation Armorers' School. Injured in a fall June 19, 1918, spending two months in Great Lakes Naval Hospital. Ford, Winthrop D. June 11, 1918. V. Fifteen weeks at Annapolis. Ensign, U. S. N., June 11, 1918. Transferred to U. S. Naval Academy. Transferred to U. S. S. Harrisburg, a navy trans- port, Oct. 3. Foster, Herbert Harry April 14, 1917. V. March 13, 1919. Corporal, Co. K, 103d Inf. Overseas, Sept. 26, 1917. Returned, Nov. 24, 1918, as "D" class, unfit for service, having been severely wounded at Chateau-Thierry. Chemin-des-Dames and Toul Sectors. FOTHERGILL, BURDETTE WiLMOT Aug. 23, 1917. V. June 11, 1919. Eighteen months overseas with 101st M. G. Bn., 26th Div. Chemin-des- Dames, Toul Sector, and Chateau-Thierry. Wounded July 22, 1918, at Chateau-Thierry. Remained in hospitals in France and America for eleven months. Fowler, Earl Cranton {v. C. L. A.) Fox, Timothy John July 6, 1918. V. April 11, 1919. Corporal, Batt. B, 48th Art., C. A. C. Six months' overseas service. Freeman, Louis Henry Sept. 6, 1918. V. April 9, 1919. Landsman Q. M., Aviation, U. S. N. R. F., Class 5. Graduated from Gunner's Mate School, 15th Regt., Great Lakes, III., Nov. 27, 1918. Gunner's Mate (Aviation) 1st class. Frost, Charles Kimball Sept. 27, 1918. V. Nov. 29, 1918. Q. M., Naval Aviation, U. S. N. Training Station, Charleston, S. C; Mt. Pleasant Rifle Range, S. C. Furbish, Chester Arthur July, 1917. V. Feb. 5, 1919. M. N. G., March 29, 1916. Transferred to 55th Art., C. A. C, Dec. 23, 1917. Overseas, March 24, 1918, to Jan. 10, 1919. Meuse-Argonne and Marne- Aisne Offensives. Gaffney, Gerard William April 10, 1917. V. Sept. 11, 1919. Pelham Naval Officers' School. Patrol Fleet, coast of New England. Q. M., U. S. S. Actus. Chief Q. M., Dec, 1917. Ensign, May 18, 1918. U. S. S. Manchuria, transport duty. JVAR RECORD 181 *Gale, Abraham Asst. Paymaster, U. S. N. Galligan, Joseph John April 6, 1917. V. Jan. 17, 1919. Private, 5th Mass. Inf., N. G. Transferred to 101st U. S. Inf., 26th Div., Aug., 1917. Overseas, Sept. 7, 1917. In hospital at Orleans (gassed), July 15 to Sept. 17. In hospital at Bordeaux (wounded), Oct. 27 to Dec. 19. Participated in engagements of Chemin-des-Dames, Toul, Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and Verdun. Gates, Herbert Chisholm April 1, 1917. V. April 28, 1919. Private, Co. B, 101st Engrs., 26th Div. Eighteen months overseas. Gertlin, Maurice Sept. 1, 1918. V. Private, Q. M. C, Army Field Clerk, Oct. 18, 1918. Overseas. Battle of Chaumont. Geyer, George Dodds July 18, 1918 — Jan. 18, 1919. Plattsburg Training Camp. Commissioned 2d Lieut., Inf., Sept. 16, 1918. Stationed at Clark College, Worcester, Mass. Gibbons, Oswald V. April 3, 1918. V. June 1, 1919. 310th Inf., M. G. Co., 78th Div. Overseas, May, 1918. Trained in northern France under British, June and July, 1918. American Sector, August. St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne engagements. Gibney, Clarence M. Dec. 1, 1917. V. June 5, 1919. Q. M. C. Training School, Camp Johnston, Fla. Brest, June 18, 1918. Bordeaux, Supply Warehouse, until May 12, 1919. Private 1st class. Giehler, Fred July 21, 1918. D. Jan. 21, 1919. Co. C, 36th M. G. Bn., Camp Devens. Gillespie, Arthur H. Dec. 13, 1917. V. May 21, 1919. St. Mihiel, Verdun, and Meuse-Argonne engagements. Two citations. GiLLis, Chester Alfred July 2, 1917. V. Feb. 8, 1919. 6th Co., Mass. C. A. C, M. N. G. Federal Service, Aug. 5, 1917, stationed at Fort Strong, with the company name changed to 21st Boston C. A. C. Transferred, Dec. 2, 1918, to Batt. F, 55th C. A, C. Private 1st class, Jan. 1, 1918. Overseas, March 25, 1918. Aisne-Marne and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Regiment cited by French and American orders. Gillis, John Joseph Oct. 4, 1917. I. March 21, 1919. Corporal, Aug. 1, 1918. Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1918. 27th Co., 2d Bn., D. B., Oct. 5 to 15, 1917. Signal Corps Aviation School, Mineola, L. I,, Oct. 16, 1917. Enlisted in Casual Detachment, Oct. 23, 1917. 801st Aero Squadron 182 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Dec. 5, 1917. Overseas, Dec. 10, 1917, to March 7, 1919, Service in France and England. 3d Aviation Instruction Center, Issoudun, France, Feb. 21, 1918. GiRouARD, Louis Paul April 10, 1917. V. Aug. 23, 1919. Seaman 2d class; Yeoman 3d class; Yeoman 2d class. U. S. S. Maine, Re- ceiving Ship, N. Y.; Naval Station, Virgin Island; U. S. Radio Station, San Juan, P. R.; Receiving Ships, New Orleans and Boston. GoDDARD, William Francis Aug. 17, 1918. V. Supply Co. No. 333, Q. M. C, Camp Johnston, Fla. Overseas, Oct. 6, 1918. Chief Clerk of Correspondence, Effects Depot, St. Nazaire, Nov. 11, 1918. Godfrey, Frank Edwin Dec. 6, 1917. V. March 9, 1919. Private 1st class. Fort Slocum. Fort Oglethorpe, Dec. 24, 1917; France, Feb. 6, 1918; Bordeaux, Feb. 23; St. Aignan. Godfrey, Robert M. Jan. 15, 1918. V. Jan. 28, 1919. Corporal, July 20, 1918, Camp Devens; Sergeant, Sept. 15; Sergeant 1st class, Nov. 2. GoERSHEL, Paul W. March 5, 1918. V. Dec. 23, 1918. Private, Field Ordnance Service. Camp Hancock, Ga., and Camp Cody, N. Mex. Goodrich, Charles Lyman Nov. 17, 1917. V. Jan. 15, 1919. Ground School, Air Service, Cornell Univ., Jan, 5, 1918; graduated March 2. Sent to Camp Dick, Dallas, Tex, Left Camp Dick, April 3; arrived at Taylor Field, Ala., April 6; discharged as cadet, Aug. 11, Commissioned 2d Lieut,, A. S. A., Aug. 12. Sent to Brooks Field, advanced flying school for Instructors; graduated Sept. 28 with highest honor; made Instructor at Brooks Field until Nov. 20; sent to March Field to install "Gospert System" of instruction. Gordon, David Casper Aug. 16, 1918. V. June 20, 1919. U. S. N. R. F. Seaman 1st class. Naval Training Camp, Hingham, Mass.; Boston Navy Yard, Nov. 9, 1918. Rating of Yeoman 3d class, April 1, 1919. *GoRWAiz, Richard H. Q. M. C. Gosselin, Joseph A. Nov., 1917. V. April, 1919. Aviation Corps. Trained at San Antonio, Tex. Overseas, Feb, 10, 1918, to March 3, 1919. St. Nazaire, France; La Havre; Kidbrook, England; Orly, France; Cleachy, France; zone of advance until Dec, 1918. U. S. A., March 3, 1919. Gove, James Stott June 14, 1918. V. May 31, 1919. Private, U. S. M. C; Private 1st class, Oct. 1, 1918; Corporal, March 1, 1918. Paris Island, S. C, June 14. Santo Domingo City, P. R., July 22, 1918. WAR RECORD 183 Grant, Walter Bernard June 26, 1916. V. Dec. 2, 1919. Corporal, Co. I, 9th Mass. Inf., El Paso, Tex. Overseas, Sept. 20, 1917. Trained near Neufchateau until Feb. 3, 1918. Chemin-des-Dames, Toul Sector, Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. Sergeant, April 1, 1918. 2d Lieut., Sept. 26, 1918, Co. B, 358th Inf. Wounded, April 20, 1918, at Rambecourt, France. Gassed, May 31, Rapt de Nord (Toul Sector). Wounded, Stenay (Meuse-Argonne), Nov. 7, 1918. In hospital, Nov. 7, 1918, to Dec. 2, 1919. Divisional citation (26th Div.). *Gray, Edward B. Q. M. C. Green, Clifford Francis April 8, 1919. V. May 20, 1919. R. O. T. C, one year. Navy. Overseas. Bordeaux, St. Nazaire, Nantes. Greenberg, Sydney April 27, 1918. V. Dec. 4, 1918. Seaman 2d class, Bumkin Island, Bumkin Island Cutter. Ship's Guard, East Boston, Lockwood Basin. Greenfield, Charles U. S. A. Gretter, Leslie Burnam April 28, 1914. V, April 28, 1919. Co. K, M. N. G. Sergeant, Sept. 10, 1917. Chemin-des-Dames, Toul Sector, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. Griffin, Richard Kenneth Oct. 3, 1918. V. Seaman, Naval Unit, Harvard. Chief Petty Officer. *Hagensen, Carl Hans Sept. 4, 1918. I. Died Sept. 30, 1918. In charge of drafted men en route to Camp Upton, N. Y. 6th Co., 2d Bn., 152d D. B. Contracted influenza. In line for appointment as Q. M. Ser- geant. The Syllabus of 1921 was dedicated to his memory by his classmates. Haggett, a. Esther Aprill3, 1918. V. Aug. 8, 1919. Yeoman (F) 2d class; rating changed to Yeoman (F) 1st class. Office of First Naval Dist. Supply Office, bookkeeper and accountant. Hall, Loring H. Nov. 11, 1917. V. Dec. 30, 1918. Flying Cadet, Omaha, Neb., Dec. 28, 1917. School of Military Aeronautics, Columbus, Ohio, May, 1918. 2d Lieut., A. S. A., Arcadia, Calif., and Camp Wise, Tex. Hall, Raymond Francis May 10, 1917. V. Jan. 9, 1920. Hdqrs. 301st F. S. Bn., 76th Div., Oct. 5, 1917. Overseas, July 10, 1918, to Sept. 24, 1918. Automobile accident, Sept. 24; invalided to hospital. Vic- tory medal. *Halloway, E. R. Corporal. No. 2 Construction Bn.,[B. E. F. 184 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Hallowell, Henry C. Dec. 18, 1917. D. Dec. 19, 1918. Coast Art. Corps. Corporal, Aug. 9, 1918. Boston Harbor, Forts Banks, Andrews, Heath, and Warren. Harrington, John Joseph July 18, 1918. V. Dec. 22, 1918. Private, Co. L, S. A. T. C. Camp, Plattsburg Barracks, N. Y. 2d Lieut., Inf., Sept. 15, 1918. On duty at Elon College, N. C. Adjutant, Personnel Officer, Paymaster, Intelligence Officer, and Company Commander. Harrington, Maxwell P. July 1, 1918. V. U. S. Merchant Marine. Seaman and Chief Petty Officer, 1918. Graduated from Mass. Inst. Tech. Nav. School, April, 1919, with 3d Navigation Officer's certificate. 3d Navigation Officer U. S. S. Grasella. Harris, Hattie I. Aug., 1918. Q. M. C, Personnel Sec, Boston. Munitions Bldg., Q. M. C, Washington, D. C. *Harter, Loren C. U. S. N. R. Haskins, Merrill Deane July 5, 1917. V. Dec. 5, 1918. Storekeeper 3d class, U. S. N. R. F. Chief Yeoman. Four trips to England and France on U. S. S. Harrisburg. Hastedt, Herbert John Nov. 1, 1917. V. March 7, 1919. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. N. R. F. Pelham Bay Naval Training Sta., Pelham, N. Y., June, 1918. Warrant Mach., July 13, 1918. U. S. S. Panama, for instruction, Aug., 1918, making one trip to France. Ensign, Nov. 13, 1918. 2d Asst. Engr., U. S. S. Ambola, Jan., 1919. Submarine attack, Sept. 4, 1918. Hatch, Joseph Philip May 7, 1917. V. May 2, 1919. Harvard Naval Unit Base Hospital No. 5, Falmouth, England. France, May 30, 1917. British hospital Camiers, taken over and run till March, 1919. Corporal, July 1, 1918. Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1918. Hatch, Walter M., Jr. April 3, 1917. V. Dec. 3, 1918. Seaman 1st class; Acting Q. M. 2d class; Yeoman 2d class. *Hayes, Joseph E. U. S. A. *Hazeltine, Paul U. S. A. Hennessey, James Joseph April 29, 1918. D. Jan. 18, 1919. 4th Co., 1st Bn., 151st D. B., Camp Devens. Gunner, Batt. A,301st F. A. Overseas, July 26, 1918. Camp De Souge, Art. Camp. Hersee, David E. Nov. 14, 1917. V. Dec. 26, 1918. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. N. R. F. Chief Yeoman, April 1, 1918. Boston WAR RECORD 185 Navy Yard. U. S. S. Plattsburg, N. Y. to Brest, France, and Liverpool, England, May 10 to Nov. 21, 1918. *HiGGiNs, Charles B. U. S. A. HiGGiNs, William H., Jr. May 7, 1917. V. June 2, 1919. U. S. Base Hospital No. 5. Overseas, May 12, 1917. Hospital work with the British Forces. Private 1st class. May, 1917. Corporal, Sept., 1918. Dannes Camiers, France, May 31, 1917. Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Oct. 1, 1917. HiGLEY, Robert Fletcher April 13, 1917. V. April 30, 1919. 45th Co., 3d Bn., 5th Regt., U. S. M. C. Overseas, June 4, 1917. Wounded June 13, 1918; gassed July 19, 1918. Engagements of Verdun, Chatillon, Chateau-Thierry, Belleau Wood, and Soissons (Marne-Aisne Offensive). Awarded Croix de Guerre at Belleau for carrying supplies to an advance post and aiding in capturing machine guns. Recommended for D. S. C. also. Regiment cited eleven times by the French. Commissioned Lieut, in Junior Marines. Hobby, Irving Remington Aug. 27, 1918. D. Jan. 15, 1919. Private, 56th F. A. Interpreter of German, Brigade Hdqrs., "Dixie," 31st Div., Camp Jackson, Columbia, S. C. Overseas, Oct. 14, 1918, to Dec. 11, 1918. HoDGDON, Lester Wilfred April 26, 1917. V. May 19, 1919. 51st Co., 5th Reg. U. S. Marines. Corporal, April 17; sergeant. May, 1917. Belleau Wood, Verdun, Pont Mousson, St. Mihiel, and Champagne. Wounded in Belleau Wood and later in Champagne. Croix de Guerre. Holland, Charles Edward April 20, 1918. V. Sept. 13, 1919. Private 1st class U. S. M. C, Paris Island, Quantico, Va., July 20, 1918. France, Sept. 13, 1918. HOLLISTER, DWIGHT G. W. July 18, 1918. V. Dec. 31, 1918. Private, U. S. A., July 18, 1918. Acting 2d Lieut., Aug. 15, 1918. 2d Lieut., Inf., Sept. 16, 1918. Plattsburg Barracks, N. Y. Personnel Adjt., B. U. S. A. T. C, Boston, Sept. 24, 1918. HoLLowAY, Edward Rice Oct. 12, 1916. V. Feb. 29, 1919. Royal School of Infantry, Halifax. Overseas, with Forestry Corps, Light R. R. Engrs., 1916. Cambrai, Marne, and Ypres. Forestry Corps in Depart- ment de Jura, Vosges. Wounded at Cambrai. Sergeant. Holmgren, H. G. Robson March 29, 1918. I. July 17, 1919. Depot Brig., Camp Devens. 3d Engrs. Tr. Regt., Camp Humphreys, Va., April 28, 1918. Overseas, June 12, 1918. Co. C, 116th Engrs. Angers, France, July 5, 1918. Clerk, Army Candidates School, Langres, July 29, 1918. A. E. F. Univ., Beaune, Feb. 26, 1919. Left Marseilles for U. S. June 22, 1919. Arrived New York July 5, 1919. Corporal. 186 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Holt, George R. Dec. 10, 1917. V. March 31, 1919. Seaman 2d class, U. S. N. R. F. Yeoman 1st class, Jan. 1, 1918. Chief Yeo- man, April 1, 1918. Naval Ammunition Depot, Hingham, Mass. Hope, John Alfred July, 1918. V. Dec. 28, 1918. Landsman for Q. M., Aviation. Company Clerk, Camp Instructor in Mathe- matics, and Discharge Officer. Hopkins, Leon L. June 18, 1918. D. Dec. 18, 1918. Private, Camp Devens. O. T. S., Camp Johnston, July 25, 1918. 2d Lieut., Asst. to Depot Q. M., New York City, Oct.. 3, 1918. HoRGAN, Elizabeth Agnes April 27, 1918 — U. S. N. R. F, Stationed at the Chaplain's Office, Charlestown Navy Yard, doing welfare work. Chief Yeoman (F). Houghton, Harold P. April 6, 1917. V. Feb. 3, 1919. Seaman, U. S. N. Yeoman 1st class, July 27, 1917. Chief Yeoman, Feb. 1, 1918. Boston Navy Yard, April 6, 1917. Sea and shore duty in France, Sept. 18, 1917. On duty in Paris for month with Admiral Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, in connection with Allied Armistice Commission and Peace Conference. Houston, Harold Thomas April 18, 1918. V., Jan. 22, 1919. Engaged in the production of toxic gases. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md., Bn. Supply Sergeant, Chemical Warfare Service, Sept. 1, 1918. Trans- ferred, Nov. 15, 1918, to Hdqrs., Edgewood Arsenal, Baltimore, Md.; Cost Accounting Sec, Nov. 15, 1918. Howard, Charles Edward Dec. 11, 1917. V. April 7, 1919. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. N. R F. Howard, Clifton Merton May 24, 1917. V. June 2, 1919. Base Hospital No. 6, Massachusetts Gen. Hospital. Trained at Fort Strong, Boston, until July 7, 1917. Sergeant 1st class, June 24, 1917. Overseas, July 10, 1917. Hospital put into operation at Tolence, Bordeaux, France. Transferred, Oct. 31, 1917, to Chief Surgeon's Office, Bordeaux, as Chief Clerk. 1st Lieut., Sanitary Corps, Feb. 2, 1918. Base Medical Property Officer, Base Section No. 2, A. E. F., Nov. 27, 1918. Assigned Medical Supply Officer for Bordeaux Embarkation Camp for remainder of service. Dis- charged, Camp Dix. *HowE, Charles W. Commissioned Lieutenant and Instructor of Aviation, and assigned to Brooks Field, San Antonio, Tex., Oct., 1918. On enlistment, sent to Princeton Ground School. On July 1 sent to the flying school at Americus, Ga. Huleatt, Thomas R. Nov. 12, 1917. V. Nov. 29, 1918. WAR RECORD ■ 187 Cadet, Ground School, U. S. School Military Aeronautics, Princeton, March 30, 1918; Camp Dick, Tex., July, 1918; Scott Field, 111., Sept., 1918. Hunt, Bishop Carleton July 18, 1918. V. Dec. 31, 1918. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg, N. Y. 2d Lieut., Inf., U. S. A., Sept. 16, 1918. Instructor, S. A. T. C, George Washington Univ., Washington, D. C, Sept. 21, 1918. Recommended for permanent commission in U. S. A. Hutchinson, Arthur Perkins May 21, 1918. V. April 4, 1919. Private 1st class, July 14, 1918. Stationed at Fort Revere. Transferred to Batt. D, 71st F. A., Fort Andrews, June 4, 1918. Overseas, July 30, 1918. Innis, Alvah Durrell May 6, 1917. V. March 22, 1919. Co. B, 101st Engrs., Camp Devens. France, Sept. 24, 1917. Toul Sector and Aisne-Marne Offensive. In hospitals July 18 to Sept. Attached to hospital, Sept., 1918, to Jan., 1919. Jameson, Charles Franklin April 18, 1917. V. Jan. 29, 1919. U. S. N. Chief Q. M., Chief Yeoman, and Cadet. Ensign, Jan. 11, 1918. Lieut., Sept. 2, 1918. On duty in 1st and 2d Naval Dists. U. S. S. New Hampshire, Jan. 11, 1918. U. S. destroyer forces, Queenstown, Ireland, May 29, 1918. *Jennings, Harvey B. Awarded the Croix de Guerre. Jensen, Arthur T. Jan. 3, 1918. V. Private, Ord. Corps. Fort Slocum, Camp Jackson, and Camp Hancock. Overseas, May 26, 1918. Service of Supply. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Jewell, Edmund Francis May 11, 1917. V. Jan. 22, 1919. Enlisted at Newport, R. I., in Navy. Repaired mine sweepers. At sea after rating was raised to M. M. 2d class. Returned to O. T. S., and received com- mission May, 1918. Convoy duty. Injured in storm at sea, spring, 1918; hospital three months. Ensign, Boston, inactive duty. *Johnson, Bernard S. Sergeant, 101st Regt., U. S. Engrs., 26th Div., France. Johnson, Edgar W. May 22, 1917. V. April 29, 1919. In France nineteen months. Corporal. Chemin-des-Dames, Apremont, Toul, Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, and Verdun engage- ments. * 101st F. A., 26th Div. Johnson, Ernest S. Sept. 24, 1918. I. April 10, 1919. Private, Fort Slocum, N. Y. Bureau of Aircraft Production, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1918. Detach. No. 2, Accounts Sec, Aircraft Production. Army Auditor, Wright-Martin Aircraft Corp., New Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 10, 1918. Private 1st class, Jan. 1, 1919. 188 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Johnson, Roy G. July 31, 1917. V. Dec. 23, 1918. Army Aviation Service. Corporal, Oct. 21, 1917. Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1917. Machine Gunner. Texas, Aug., 1917; New Jersey, Oct., 1917; Virginia, Nov., 1917; France, Jan., 1918; England, Feb., 1918; France, Oct., 1918. Johnson, Simon Overton Aug. 31, 1918. D. Dec. 7, 1918. Asst. Company Clerk, Camp Devens. Ranking Enlisted Men and Clerk at Infirmary, Camp Dix, Oct. 20, 1918. Jones, Joseph Leroy April 29 — Nov. 29, 1918. U. S. Shipping Board Recruiting Service. Instructor on U. S. Training Ship Governor Cobb. Cruised Atlantic Coast continually from Eastport, Me., to Newport News, Va. *Kanagan, Ralph H. 20th Engrs., 5th Batt. Kanaly, Paul J. May 15, 1917. V. Yeoman 3d class, U. S. N. R. F. Yeoman 1st class, Nov., 1917. Chief Yeoman, April 1, 1918. Service in U. S, until April 12, 1918; Killingholme, England, until Jan. 5, 1919. Overseas, April 12, 1918. Air Station Service in England. Kanz, Walter J. Jan. 31, 1916. V. April 29, 1919. Mass. C. A. C, Overseas, Oct. 3, 1917, with Co. B, 101st Amm. Tr,, "Yan- kee Division." Private, Private 1st class, and Corporal. Sergeant, April 1, 1918. Arrived in U. S. April 18, 1919. Chemin-des-Dames, Seicheprey, Xivray, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. *Kateon, Frederick L. Signal Corps, Aviation Dept. *Keelan, Edward J. U. S. A. Kelley, George H., Jr. April 20, 1918. V. April 26, 1919. Camp Crane, Allentown, Pa. Landed Genoa, Italy, June 27. Crossed Alps into France Sept. 1, 1918. Engagements of St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. A. O., Germany. Private, Sec. 599, U. S. Ambulance Service. Awarded Italian Service Medal. Kenefick, Austin Walsh May 8, 1917. V. June 18, 1919. Sergeant, Batt. B, 101st F. A., 26th Div. Twenty-one months overseas in every American Offensive. Wounded twice, at the Marne and at Verdun. *Kenney, William Rowland War Cross, French Government. Overseas, June 28, 1917. American Field Service, acting with French Army. Plattsburg, two terms, 1st Lieut. Hospi- tal service. Kidder, William S. G. July, 1917. V. Sept. 25, 1919. Training Camp in Toronto, Canada. 1st Lieut., Nov., 1917. Flying schools, WAR RECORD 189 England and Scotland, Dec, 1917, to June, 1918. France, June to August. Shot down. Prisoner of war Aug. 1, 1918, until end of war. King, Francis A. April 5, 1918. I. April 5, 1919. Fort Douglas, Salt Lake City, and Camp Devens, Mass. Overseas, July 14, 1918, to March 10, 1919. 33d Engrs. King, Frank D. May 19, 1917. V. Dec. 16, 1918. Naval Reserve, U. S. S. Ticonderoga. Harvard Cadet School. U. S. S. Ticonderoga shelled by submarine, with loss of 208 lives. King, Harry Walter Oct. 7, 1917. V. Dec, 1918. St. Helena Training Station, Norfolk, Va. U. S. S. Mississippi Dec 12, 1917. Kinsman, Samuel Freeman Oct. 11, 1918. I. Nov. 25, 1918. C. O. T. S., Inf. KiTsoN, Lee C. Nov. 7, 1917. L April 10, 1919. Private, Camp Devens. Fort Monroe, Va., Dec, 1917, special course of three months. Coast Defenses of Galveston, Fort Crockett, Tex,, March, 1918. Sergeant Major. *Klein, Herman E. Government work. KoRD, Edward F. April 10, 1918. V. March 15, 1919. Sergeant, Oct. 1, 1918. 816th Depot Aero Squad., Detroit, Mich., April 10, 1918. Signal Corps, Elizabeth, N. J., May 18, 1918. 3d Detach., Air Ser- vice Production, Jamaica Plain, Mass., Aug. 23, 1918. KoRD, ZiGMONT JoSEPH March 5, 1918. L Enlisted as Private. Sergeant, Dec. 24, 1918. Sergeant 1st class, Jan. 10, 1919. Fort Slocum, March 5, 1918. Ordnance Training School, Dartmouth College. Completed studies, then transferred to Camp Hancock, Ga., April 23, 1918. 103d Ord. Co., Camp Devens, Mass. Sitft&l ^■. .. Ladden, Charles A. ^^-^ : ^ 'i:'^ Aug. 18, 1917. V. _ ^il"^" ;^^ Accounting Div., Navy Yard, Boston, Mass. Chief Assistant to^Resident Cost Inspector, U. S. N., Groton, Conn. Disbursing Officer, Electric^Boat Co., Groton, Conn. Chief Yeoman, U. S. N. R. F. Lahti, Matthews Dec 17, 1917. V. Dec 20, 1918. 2d Lieut., U. S. Sig. R. C, Dec 17, 1917. 1st Lieut., Aug. 7, 1918. Boston, Mass., and Washington, D. C. Lakey, Frank E. June 12, 1917 — Sergeant, Co. B, 13th Regt., Mass. S. G. Over draft age. Landergan, Walter Lawrence Oct. 23, 1917. V. Oct. 3, 1919. 190 BOSTON UNIVERSITY U. S. N. R. F., Yeoman 1st class. Chief Yeoman, April 1, 1918. Ensign, Supply Corps, Jan. 20, 1919. Boston, Mass.; Machias, Me.; Pelham Bay- Park, N. Y. Officer-Material School for Pay Corps, Princeton, N. J. Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Norfolk, Va., Feb. 1, 1919. U. S. S. Lake Superior, sea duty as Supply Officer, March 1, 1919. U. S. S. Evansville. Lane, Stanley Wadsworth Sept. 21, 1918. D. Dec. 5, 1918. Private. Stenographer to Captain Perkins of Motor Transport Corps, Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. Lang, Aleck (1916) May 30, 1918. D. March 17, 1919. One month at Camp Jackson, N. C. Sergeant, Batt. F, 119th F. A. Aisne- Marne and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Lange, Karl Lenwood April 18, 1917. V. Naval Aviator. Q. M. 1st class. Ensign, Lieut, (j. g.), Pensacola, Fla.; Hampton Roads, Va.; Chatham, Mass. Langley, Frank Joseph June 12, 1917. V. Dec. 17, 1918. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. N. R. F. Charlestown Navy Yard, Charlestown. U. S. N. Hdqrs., Little Bldg., Boston. Hingham, Bumkin Island, and Wakefield, Mass. U. S. N, Patrol Boat Station, Rockland, Me. O. T. S., Pelham Bay, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1918. *Langley, Harold F. Discharged from the service spring of 1919. *Langley, Walter A. Service in France. Latham, Robert July 31, 1917. V. April 3, 1919. Three months' training at Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y. First checker of am- munition. Advance Ord. Depot 4, Jonchery, Haute Marne, France. Chief Storekeeper Pyrotechnics and Chemical Ammunition, June 10, 1918. Lecturer and Demonstrator of Pyros and Ammunition. Day and night ser- vice supplying ammunition during drives. Sergeant, Sept., 1918. Leason, Edwin E. July 29, 1917. V. Regular Army. Boston, Mass., July 27, 1917. Enlisted at Fort Slocum, N. Y., July 29, 1917. 79th Aero Squad., Camp Kelly, Tex., Aug. 14, 1917. Appointed Acting 1st Sergeant on same date. Sergeant, Oct. 4, 1917. Trans- ferred to Garden City, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1917. Sergeant 1st class, Nov. 17, 1917. Overseas, Nov, 22, 1917. Asst. to Construction Officers, 7th Aviation In- struction Center, U. S. Aerial Bombing School, Aulnay, France. Master Signal Electrician. *Leathers, Carl H. U. S. A. *Leavy, Joseph A. U. S. N. R. F., Boston Navy Yard. WAR RECORD 191 Leavy, Philip C. April, 1918 — April, 1919. Seaman 3d class, U. S. N. R. F., Hingham Training Station. Yeoman 2d class. Receiving Ship, Boston. Yeoman 1st class, U. S. S. Seneca III. Seven months of overseas duty. Chief Yeoman. *Lee, Charles Asa Dec. 8, 1917. V. Deceased Jan. 18, 1919. Q. M. C, Jacksonville, nine months. O. T. C, Sergeant, April, 1918. 2d Lieut., Sept. 28, 1918. Governor's Island, N. Y. Acting Adjutant till time of his death. *Leonard, William P. Corporal, Hdqrs. Co., 301st Inf. *LiGHT, Philip I. U. S. A. LiNDBERG, Ernest E. May 27, 1917. V. July 24, 1917. Private, Batt. A, 1st Regt., N. G. Discharged on special orders from Ad- jutant General because services were required by Construction Division of the Army. Member Field Auditor's Staff, Camp Devens. Chief Com- missary Auditor, Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., April 1, 1919. *LlNDBERG, GUSTAVE V. U. S. Naval Base, Brest. LiNDQuisT, John Arthur Aug. 19, 1917. V. Aug. 13, 1919. Co. D, 8th Mass. N. G. Mexican Border, 1915 to 1916. Corporal, June 19, 1917. Sergeant, July 20, 1917. Co. G, 103d U. S. Inf. Bois Brule, Apremont, Seicheprey, Xivray, Aisne-Marne. Wounded twice. Repulsed enemy com- batant patrol in hand-to-hand battle in No-Man's-Land, for which Croix de Guerre was recommended. Linn, C. C. May 26, 1917. V. Feb. 2, 1919. Sergeant, Q. M. C, Camp Lee, Va. Sergeant, F. A., Saumur, France, Jan. 1, 1918. 2d Lieut., May 1, 1918. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. LiPPHARDT, Harry B. Oct. 16, 1917. V. July 8, 1919. Sergeant, Q. M. C. Sergeant 1st class, Feb., 1918. 2d Lieut., Q. M. C, May 14,1918. 2d Lieut., M.T. C, Aug. 15, 1918. 1st Lieut., M. T. C, Oct. 10, 1918. Recommended for Captain, Oct. 30, 1918. Boston, Mass.; Camp Joseph E. Johnston, Fla.; Fort Sheridan; and Central Depot, Chicago. *LippiNCOTT, Harry B. Feb., 1918, with Provisional OiBce Workers, Co. 3, Camp Joseph E. Johnston. Sergeant. Litchfield, George Albion Dec. 11, 1917. V. Dec. 16, 1918. R. O. T. C, Plattsburg. Director in charge of Defense Problems, Chemical Warfare Service, American University Experiment Station, Washington. Sergeant 1st class. 192 BOSTON UNIVERSITY LocKwooD, Clement Loring Nov. 19, 1917. V. Private, 3d Engrs., Camp Meade, Md. Camp Laurel, Md., Jan. 10, 1918. Overseas, April 13, 1918. Stationed at Nevers, Issoudun, ChS.teauroux, Meuse River Valley, Poincon. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. *LoNG, Carl Enlisted June, 1917. Commissioned Ensign, Naval Aviation, 1918. Sta- tioned at Pensacola, Fla. Flight Instructor. Lord, Edwin A. March 12, 1918. V. July 15, 1919. Hospital Apprentice 2d class, March 12, 1918; 1st class. May 2, 1918. Phar- macist's Mate 3d class, Dec. 4, 1918. Boston, Hingham, and Chatham, Mass. Pharmacist Mates* School, Hampton Roads, Va. Lowell, Ernest Walter July 24, 1918. D. Jan. 31, 1919. Private, 74th Inf., 12th Div., Camp Devens, Mass. Sergeant, Aug. 10, 1918. LuDDY, Richard June 5, 1917. V. May 2, 1919. Enlisted as Motor Cycle Dispatch Rider, rank of Private. 14th Engrs., with the British Light Railways. Arras-Bapaume Sector, Aug. 21, 1917, to May 20, 1918. Somme Defensive, March 21, 1918. Aisne-Marne and Meuse-Argonne Fronts. LuFKiN, Raymond Haskell Nov. 14, 1917. V. Jan. 4, 1919. Private. *Lynch, Daniel Mark Dec. 19, 1917. Private, Batt. F, 55th C. A. C. Located at Fort Standish and Fort Strong. Overseas, April 1, 1918. Accidentally killed by machine gun caisson July 11, 1918. Lyons, Francis W., Jr. Aug. 23, 1918. V. Feb. 25, 1919. Steward Apprentice, Merchant Marine. U. S. S. Gov. Dingley, Training Ship. First class Petty Officer, Nov., 1918. Chief Petty Officer, Dec, 1918. MacAllister, Laurence May 1, 1918. V. Dec. 28, 1918, British Royal Flying Corps. Trained in camps in and about Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario. 2d Lieut., Oct. 2, 1918. Fourteen weeks in hospital as result of two crashes during solo flying. *MacConnell, Edwin E., '17 Private, Co. C, 101st U. S. Engrs., A. E. F. *MacCormack, Helene E. Yeoman (F). MacDonald, Hector May 1, 1917. V. May 3, 1919. Chief Yeoman, U. S. N. Boston, Philadelphia, England, France, Ireland, and Wales. WAR RECORD 193 MacDonald, Kenneth R. June 1, 1916. V. April 28, 1919. Private, 141st Inf. Bn., Signal Section, Port Arthur, Ontario, Can. Private, Canadian Inf. Bde., HornclifFe and Seaford, England, April, 1917, to Aug., 1918. With 1st Inf. Bde., Seaford. Signaller, 8th Canadian Inf., France, Belgium, and Germany, Aug., 1918. Secretary, 8th Bn. Branch Khaki Col- lege of Canada. *MacDonald, Ray U. S. M. C. Training Camp, Port Royal, S. C. MacDow, Chester Malcolm Dec. 10, 1917. V. Private, Dec. 10, 1917. Private 1st class. May 23, 1918. Sergeant 1st class, March 13, 1919. Camp Med. Supply Depot, Camp Devens, Mass., Dec. 10, 1917, Camp Med. Supply Depot, Camp Merritt, N. J., Jan. 29, 1918. *MacLeod, Leslie A. U. S. Aviation Corps. *MacPherson, Robert E. Q. M. C. Magee, William J. Oct. 16, 1917. V. Accountant with Constructing Q. M., Camp Devens, Mass. Ensign, Oct. 16, 1917. Lieut, (j.g.). Pay Corps, U. S. N.R. P., Sept. 29, 1918. Adviser and Asst. to Compensation Board, Washington, D. C. *Magoon, John A. 23d Inf., Co. F, France. Magoon, Kenneth Southard March 21, 1918. V. Nov. 26, 1918. School of Military Aeronautics, M. J. T., Cambridge, Mass. S. M. A., Cor- nell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. Aviation Concentration Camp, Camp Dick, Tex. Artillery Aerial "Observation Camp, Fort Monroe, Va. Air Service Cadet. *Manley, Anthony A. E. F. Manter, Ralph M. Aug. 26, 1917. V. May 1, 1919. 1st Lieut., 30th Co., 151st D. B., Camp Devens, Mass. Captain, Infantry. Captain, Paymaster Corps. Marino, Louis A. July 21, 1918. D. Jan. 31, 1919. Enlisted at Camp Devens. Assigned to 17th Co., 5th Bn., 151st D. B, Transferred to Amb. Co. 245, 12th San. Tr. Private 1st class, Sept. 1, 1918. Transferred to special work in the Personnel Dept., Hdqrs. 12th San. Tr. Appointed Sergeant, Dec. 18, 1918, and placed in charge of Personnel Dept. Marsh, Brooks Herbert April 18, 1918. V. 2d class Pharmacist's Mate, Med. Div., 1st Naval Dist., Boston. Little Building and Charlestown Navy Yard. Marshall, Francis W. (v. C. L. A.) 194 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Martin, Herbert Webster Sept. 3, 1918. D. Private, 151st D. B. Private 1st class, Med. Detach., Camp Devens, Nov., 1918. Martin, John Harold May 23, 1918. V. May 16, 1919. Yeoman, U. S. N. U. S. Naval Training Station, Hingham, and Bumkin Island. Massey, Frank Jones April 30, 1917. V. Dec. 13, 1918. Training Ship To^^^